Abstract：
CONTEXT:A discrepancy in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates exists between men and women. Structural differences between the sexes often are implicated as a factor in this discrepancy. Researchers anecdotally assume that men and women tend to display different normative values for certain lower extremity alignments, but published information about these values is limited. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of sex on 6 measures of lower extremity alignment and to report representative values of these measures from a sample of active adults and elite athletes. DESIGN:Descriptive cohort design. SETTING:University research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS:A total of 118 healthy adults (57 men: age = 21.1 +/- 3.0 years, height = 179.1 +/- 7.3 cm, mass = 79.8 +/- 13.0 kg; 61 women: age = 20.0 +/- 1.6 years, height = 167.7 +/- 6.7 cm, mass = 62.7 +/- 5.5 kg) volunteered. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S):Six common measures of lower extremity posture (navicular drop, tibial varum, quadriceps angle, genu recurvatum, anterior pelvic tilt, femoral anteversion) were collected using established methods. One measurement was taken for each participant for each lower extremity alignment. We measured the right lower extremity only. RESULTS:Compared with men, women demonstrated larger quadriceps angles, more genu recurvatum, greater anterior pelvic tilt, and more femoral anteversion. CONCLUSIONS:We observed differences between men and women for 4 of the 6 lower extremity alignments that we measured. Future researchers should focus on identifying how sex and skeletal alignment affect biomechanical performance of functional tasks and what these differences specifically mean regarding the discrepancy in anterior cruciate ligament injury rates between the sexes.
journal_name
J Athl Trainjournal_title
Journal of athletic trainingauthors
Medina McKeon JM,Hertel Jdoi
10.4085/1062-6050-44.3.249subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-05-01 00:00:00pages
249-55issue
3eissn
1062-6050issn
1938-162Xjournal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章abstract：CONTEXT:Greater musculotendinous stiffness may enhance spinal stretch reflex sensitivity by improving mechanical coupling of the muscle spindle and the stretch stimulus. This heightened sensitivity would correspond with a shorter latency and higher-amplitude reflex response, potentially enhancing joint stability. OBJE...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-43.1.29
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Organizational policies for work-life balance exist, but little is known about athletic trainers' (ATs') awareness of and willingness to use them. OBJECTIVE:To explore ATs' formal and informal work-life balance policies in the collegiate and university athletic training setting. DESIGN:Sequential mixed-method...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-245-17
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the cooling and rewarming effects of two clinical 20-minute cryotherapy treatments on the temperature of the human leg. DESIGN AND SETTING:Sixteen subjects were randomly treated with either 20 minutes of a 1.8-kg crushed-ice pack, placed directly over the left calf, or a 20-minute immersion in a c...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:OBJECTIVE: To compare the surface electromyographic activity of the abdominal musculature and rectus femoris (RF) muscle during trunk-flexion exercises using 3 abdominal exercise devices (Ab Roller, ABslide, and FitBall) and the traditional trunk curl. DESIGN AND SETTING: Each subject performed approximately 15 repeti...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:The National Institutes of Health created a medical research road map that included the development of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). A key feature of PROMIS was the development of patient-reported outcome measures (PROs) addressing various aspects of health. Understandin...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
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doi：10.4085/1062-6050-331-17
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Female athletic trainers (ATs) are currently underrepresented in the collegiate setting. Parenting and family obligations may play a role in this underrepresentation. OBJECTIVE:To examine female ATs' perspectives on parenting and working in the secondary school and collegiate employment settings. DESIGN:Cross...
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-45.5.459
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Skeletal muscle fatigue and exercise performance are novel areas of research and clinical application in the photobiomodulation field, and positive outcomes have been reported in several studies; however, the optimal measures have not been fully established. OBJECTIVE:To assess the acute effect of photobiomodu...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-51.3.10
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Athletes running in a hot, humid environment may have an increased risk of heat illness. In the 2004 Olympic Games, American and Australian athletes were provided with ice vests designed to cool their bodies before performance. The vest appeared to be effective in keeping body temperatures down and improving th...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To review 16 years of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) injury surveillance data for men's football and identify potential areas for injury prevention initiatives. BACKGROUND:Football is a high-velocity collision sport in which injuries are expected. Football tends to have one of the highest in...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT: :The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided the acquisition of data for girls' and women's field hockey injuries. OBJECTIVE: :To describe the ...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-173-17
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of athletic training
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更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-50.3.05
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-51.3.02
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of athletic training
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更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of athletic training
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doi：
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
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doi：10.4085/1062-6050-0357.19
更新日期：2020-11-11 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of athletic training
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journal_title：Journal of athletic training
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