Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:To compare the cooling and rewarming effects of two clinical 20-minute cryotherapy treatments on the temperature of the human leg. DESIGN AND SETTING:Sixteen subjects were randomly treated with either 20 minutes of a 1.8-kg crushed-ice pack, placed directly over the left calf, or a 20-minute immersion in a cold (10 degrees C) whirlpool. Data were collected at a university human performance research laboratory. SUBJECTS:Seventeen male and 15 female healthy college students. MEASUREMENTS:Subcutaneous and muscle tissue temperatures were measured by 26-gauge hypodermic needle microprobe inserted in the calf, just below the skin, or 1 cm below the subcutaneous fat, respectively. RESULTS:There was no significant difference in the decrease in intramuscular temperatures between treatments (t (30) = -1.76, P = .09). The ice pack treatment significantly decreased the subcutaneous temperature more than the whirlpool (t (30) = -2.64, P = .01). The subcutaneous temperature rewarmed significantly more in the ice pack group (12.3 +/- 3.3 degrees C) than the cold whirlpool (7.4 +/- 2.1 degrees C) (t (30) = 4.98, P = .0000). The ice pack group's intramuscular temperature increased over each 5-minute interval of the 30-minute post-treatment period for an overall increase of 2.0 +/- 3.1 degrees C. During the 30-minute post- treatment the cold whirlpool group continued to cool, for an overall decrease of 1.8 +/- 1.4 degrees C. This difference between groups at the end of the 30-minute post-treatment was significant (t(30) = 4.44, P = .0001). CONCLUSIONS:As administered in our protocol, cold whirlpool is superior to crushed-ice packs in maintaining prolonged significant temperature reduction after treatment.
journal_name
J Athl Trainjournal_title
Journal of athletic trainingauthors
Myrer JW,Measom G,Fellingham GWkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-01-01 00:00:00pages
25-9issue
1eissn
1062-6050issn
1938-162Xjournal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章abstract：CONTEXT:Supervisor support has been identified as key to the fulfillment of work-life balance for the athletic trainer (AT), yet limited literature exists on the perspectives of supervisors. OBJECTIVE:To investigate how the head AT facilitates work-life balance among staff members within the National Collegiate Athlet...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.88
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To define the nomenclature and physiologic mechanisms responsible for functional joint stability. DATA SOURCES:Information was drawn from an extensive MEDLINE search of the scientific literature conducted in the areas of proprioception, neuromuscular control, and mechanisms of functional joint stability for ...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE: To describe the concept of statistical power as related to comparative interventions and how various factors, including sample size, affect statistical power. BACKGROUND: Having a sufficiently sized sample for a study is necessary for an investigation to demonstrate that an effective treatment is statisti...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-284-17
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) is a computerized cognitive test battery commonly used for concussion evaluation. An important aspect of these procedures is baseline testing, but researchers have suggested that many users do not use validity indices to ensure adequate effort ...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-48.6.20
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:The increased emphasis on implementing evidence-based practice has reinforced the need to more accurately assess patient improvement. Psychometrically sound, patient-reported outcome measures are essential for evaluating patient care. A patient-reported outcome instrument that may be useful for clinicians is th...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-0302.19
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The efficacy of prophylactic knee bracing has been refuted with regard to reducing the incidence and/or severity of injuries to the knee joint. This is thought to be a result of the prophylactic knee brace's ineffectiveness in protecting the knee joint from valgus loads. Furthermore, discrepancies exist regarding the ...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Ankle injuries are common at all levels of American football, and retired National Football League (NFL) players have a high prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA), but little is known about how ankle injuries influence OA prevalence and daily activities in this population or how surgical interventions for such inju...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-421-18
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:The valgus stress test is used clinically to assess injury to the medial knee structures in 2 positions: full extension and some degree of flexion. The amount of flexion used to "isolate" the medial collateral ligament is not consistent in the literature, but most studies have shown that stiffness of the ligame...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-43.2.157
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to describe the preoperative mood levels and psychological readiness levels of patients undergoing primary reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and to examine differences between adolescent and adult sports medicine patients relative to psychological readiness for ACL s...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Researchers have produced a hypothesis of transient heat intolerance (HI) after exertional heat stroke (EHS). Based on this hypothesis, heat-tolerance testing (HTT) has been postponed until weeks 6 to 8 after EHS and other types of exertional heat illness (EHI). We compared the HTT results of participants aft...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-478-18
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT: Diminished hip-abductor strength has been suggested to increase the risk of noncontact lateral ankle sprains. OBJECTIVE: To determine prospectively whether baseline hip-abductor strength predicts future noncontact lateral ankle sprains in competitive male soccer players. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. ...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-52.11.18
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Skeletal muscle fatigue and exercise performance are novel areas of research and clinical application in the photobiomodulation field, and positive outcomes have been reported in several studies; however, the optimal measures have not been fully established. OBJECTIVE:To assess the acute effect of photobiomodu...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-51.3.10
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To present the case of a stress fracture of the eighth rib in a female collegiate rower. BACKGROUND:A female collegiate rower experienced severe pain in her chest, increasing with movement, deep breathing, and erect posture. No acute mechanism of injury was apparent. The team physician diagnosed a rib stress...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Quadriceps-activation deficits have been reported after meniscectomy. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in conjunction with maximal contractions affects quadriceps activation in patients after meniscectomy. OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of single-pulsed TMS on quadriceps central activation ratio (CAR...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-45.6.570
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT: Environmental sustainability efforts are becoming a critical concern in health care. However, little is known regarding how athletic trainers feel about the environment or what can be done to reduce the environmental impact of the practice of athletic training. OBJECTIVE: To examine athletic trainers' attit...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-52.12.19
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Stress fractures are one of the most common injuries in sports, accounting for approximately 10% of all overuse injuries. Treatment of fifth metatarsal stress fractures involves both surgical and nonsurgical interventions. Fifth metatarsal stress fractures are difficult to treat because of the risks of delayed ...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-49.2.24
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided efforts to collect data on ice hockey injuries. OBJECTIVE:To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in hi...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-176-17
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT: Dynamic balance deficits have been described postconcussion, even after athletes return to play. Lower extremity (LE) musculoskeletal injury rates increase for up to 1 year after concussion, but the long-term musculoskeletal implications of concussion are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To (1) examine the association o...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-52.2.03
更新日期：2017-06-02 00:00:00
abstract：:OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to examine undergraduate athletic training students' perceptions of how time is utilized during clinical field experiences while enrolled in Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Program (CAAHEP)-accredited athletic training programs and to determine the effects of clinical ...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Organizational policies for work-life balance exist, but little is known about athletic trainers' (ATs') awareness of and willingness to use them. OBJECTIVE:To explore ATs' formal and informal work-life balance policies in the collegiate and university athletic training setting. DESIGN:Sequential mixed-method...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-245-17
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Quadriceps and hamstrings weakness occurs frequently after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction. Evidence suggests that knee injury may precipitate hip and ankle muscle weakness, but few data support this contention after ACL injury and reconstruction. OBJECTIVE:To determine if hip, knee,...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-48.3.23
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:In 2010, 8.6 million children were treated for unintentional injuries in American emergency departments. Child engagement in sports and recreation offers many health benefits but also exposure to injury risks. In this analysis, we consider possible developmental risk factors in a review of age, sex, and inciden...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.41
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:First, we will update recommendations for the prehospital management and care of patients with exertional heat stroke (EHS) in the secondary school setting. Second, we provide action items to aid clinicians in developing best-practice documents and policies for EHS. Third, we provide practical strategies clin...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-0173.20
更新日期：2020-12-08 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE: Information regarding the relative risks of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA) as a result of sport participation is critical for shaping public health messages and for informing knee-OA prevention strategies. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the association between participation in...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-50.2.08
更新日期：2017-06-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Tape has traditionally been used to support the ankle during activity. More recently, commercial ankle braces have been worn as an alternative. The cumulative information on the effects of taped versus braced ankle support or interbrace comparisons is inconclusive. With few exceptions, ankle brace studies have collect...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of a 6-week leg press training program on quadriceps femoris peak torque and lower extremity functional performance. DESIGN AND SETTING:A 2 x 3 factorial design. A private university-based outpatient physical therapy clinic was used for testing. The university strength and conditionin...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Several factors affect the reliability of the anterior drawer and talar tilt tests, including the individual clinician's experience and skill, ankle and knee positioning, and muscle guarding. OBJECTIVES:To compare gastrocnemius activity during the measurement of ankle-complex motion at different knee positions...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-51.3.06
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:A variety of ankle self-stretching exercises have been recommended to improve ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM) in individuals with limited ankle dorsiflexion. A strap can be applied to stabilize the talus and facilitate anterior glide of the distal tibia at the talocrural joint during ankle self-stret...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-51.1.01
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Athletes running in a hot, humid environment may have an increased risk of heat illness. In the 2004 Olympic Games, American and Australian athletes were provided with ice vests designed to cool their bodies before performance. The vest appeared to be effective in keeping body temperatures down and improving th...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Recent research in the health care professions has shown that specific personal and environmental characteristics can predict burnout, which is a negative coping strategy related to stressful situations. Burnout has been shown to result in physiologic (eg, headaches, difficulty sleeping, poor appetite), psychol...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-44.1.58
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
