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Examining Ankle-Joint Laxity Using 2 Knee Positions and With Simulated Muscle Guarding.

Abstract：

CONTEXT:Several factors affect the reliability of the anterior drawer and talar tilt tests, including the individual clinician's experience and skill, ankle and knee positioning, and muscle guarding. OBJECTIVES:To compare gastrocnemius activity during the measurement of ankle-complex motion at different knee positions, and secondarily, to compare ankle-complex motion during a simulated trial of muscle guarding. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study. SETTING:Research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS:Thirty-three participants aged 20.2 ± 1.7 years were tested. INTERVENTION(S):The ankle was loaded under 2 test conditions (relaxed, simulated muscle guarding) at 2 knee positions (0°, 90° of flexion) while gastrocnemius electromyography (EMG) activity was recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S):Anterior displacement (mm), inversion-eversion motion (°), and peak EMG amplitude values of the gastrocnemius (μV). RESULTS:Anterior displacement did not differ between the positions of 0° and 90° of knee flexion (P = .193). Inversion-eversion motion was greater at 0° of knee flexion compared with 90° (P < .001). Additionally, peak EMG amplitude of the gastrocnemius was not different between 0° and 90° of knee flexion during anterior displacement (P = .101). As expected, the simulated muscle-guarding trial reduced anterior displacement compared with the relaxed condition (0° of knee flexion, P = .008; 90° of knee flexion, P = .016) and reduced inversion-eversion motion (0° of knee flexion, P = .03; 90° of knee flexion, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS:In a relaxed state, the gastrocnemius muscle did not appear to affect anterior ankle laxity at the 2 most common knee positions for anterior drawer testing; however, talar tilt testing may be best performed with the knee in 0° of knee flexion. Finally, our outcomes from the simulated muscle-guarding condition suggest that clinicians should use caution and be aware of reduced perceived laxity when performing these clinical examination techniques immediately postinjury.

journal_name

J Athl Train

journal_title

Journal of athletic training

authors

Hanlon S,Caccese J,Knight CA,Swanik CB,Kaminski TW

doi

10.4085/1062-6050-51.3.06

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-02-01 00:00:00

pages

111-7

issue

eissn

1062-6050

issn

1938-162X

journal_volume

pub_type

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Examining Ankle-Joint Laxity Using 2 Knee Positions and With Simulated Muscle Guarding.