Novel quaternary ammonium salts derived from triglycerides and their application in skin and hair products.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cosmetics are products used over long periods by the public, and their safety is very important. Several types of human tests are used widely for the evaluation of cosmetics including single patch tests, in-use tests, human repeated insult patch test (HRIPT). However, there is no clear and well-defined publi...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： An SM,Ham H,Choi EJ,Shin MK,An SS,Kim HO,Koh JS

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synopsis A technique was developed to evaluate the relative slip of ten test talcs and two control talcs (one with known good slip and one with known poor slip properties). The study was conducted under double-blind conditions with a naive panel of 19 subjects, who with minimal training ranked the 12 talcs. The rankin...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Maclennan A,Shaw R,Jones L

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this work was to investigate an alternative hair-dyeing method with vegetable colourants as the tannins, as well as the impact of pre-treatment as the bleaching process. METHODS:Untreated, 1, 2 and 3 times bleached hair tresses that were dyed with tannins in combination with metal salts were chara...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Sargsyan L,Vill V,Hippe T

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) is widely used as an anti-fungal active in commercial anti-dandruff (AD) shampoos. The AD efficacy of ZnPT is highly dependent on the deposition of ZnPT particles onto the scalp during the process of shampoo application and rinse-off. Since ZnPT materials with different particle sizes a...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Chen G,Ji C,Collins LZ,Hoptroff M,Janssen HG

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Skin firmness, elasticity and tone are gradually lost with age. These changes originate in the dermis and correspond to a decrease in the ability of cells, particularly the fibroblasts, to regenerate the molecules which make up the extracellular matrix. Skin ageing is also characterized by a reduction of the epidermal...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Frei V,Perrier E,Orly I,Huc A,Augustin C,Damour O

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:On a daily basis, the skin is exposed to many environmental stressors and insults. Over a 24-h natural cycle, during the day, the skin is focused on protection; while at night, the skin is focused on repairing damage that occurred during daytime and getting ready for the next morning. Circadian rhythm provides the pre...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Dong K,Goyarts EC,Pelle E,Trivero J,Pernodet N

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is an increasing demand in general population regarding skin healthiness and improvement of aesthetical appearance, indicating that people require more information about how to treat healthy skin and to prevent skin disease. This study is the result of a campaign on healthy skin organized by the International So...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Sparavigna A,Di Pietro A,Setaro M

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synopsis The influence of the following hydrophilic polymers on the stability of emulsions has been studied: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, agar-agar, water dispersible clay, and a neutralized polyethylene acid. The oil phases used were paraffin oil, olive oil and a synthetic C(8)-C(12) trigly...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Saunal H,Alvarado D,Et JP,Delonca H

更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years the importance of sphingolipids (cerebrosides, sphingomyelin, ceramides, sphingosine-1-phospate, etc.) in skin biology is receiving an increasing interest. Not only are ceramides essential for the barrier function of the skin, especially through their phytosphingosine, sphingosine and 6-hydroxysphingos...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Farwick M,Watson RE,Rawlings AV,Wollenweber U,Lersch P,Bowden JJ,Bastrilles JY,Griffiths CE

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are a variety of biological mechanisms that contribute to specific characteristics of ageing skin; for example, the loss of skin structure proteins, increased susceptibility to UV-induced pigmentation and/or loss of hydration. Each of these biological processes is influenced by specific groups of genes. In this ...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Gopaul R,Knaggs HE,Lephart J

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synopsis An historical reference is followed by a review of cosmetic colours' regulations based on the EEC Directive with particular reference to the U.K. Cosmetic Products Regulations and their effect on formulation. ...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Foster A

更新日期：1979-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The roots of the herb Paeonia lactiflora ('White Peony') are used in association with other herbs in traditional clinical cosmetic practice in China as oral treatment for skin pigmentary disorders, such as brown or dark pigmentary spots. However, the skin-depigmenting potential of Paeonia lactiflora root extr...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Qiu J,Chen M,Liu J,Huang X,Chen J,Zhou L,Ma J,Sextius P,Pena AM,Cai Z,Jeulin S

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of 1,18-octadecen-9-dioic acid (dioic acid) and a Rumex occidentalis extract complex for their skin-lightening action in an Indian population. Prior to the clinical study, the efficacy of dioic as an inhibitor of melanogenesis was confirmed on dark-pigmented human me...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Merinville E,Byrne AJ,Visdal-Johnsen L,Bouvry G,Gillbro JM,Rawlings AV,Laloeuf A

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A novel ex vivo technique has been used to assess the sand/rub resistance of topical sunscreens. The technique is based on transmission spectrometry using excised human epidermis as the substrate. The sun protection factors (SPFs) of 10 sunscreen products were measured prior to, and after agitation with sand. It was f...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Stokes RP,Diffey BL

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synopsis In this study a compact, hand-held, solid state erythema meter using light emitting diodes is described. This device has been constructed and used to compare with visual assessments of ultraviolet radiation in human subjects. A statistically significant correlation was obtained between erythema index and visu...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Pearse AD,Edwards C,Hill S,Marks R

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sun exposure during leisure activity evokes fatigue. We employed the Advanced Trail Making Test (ATMT), a recently developed objective method of evaluating brain function performance used to measure mental fatigue, for objective determination of fatigue development caused by solar exposure to the human body. First, a ...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Horikoshi T,Matsue K,Takahashi T,Ishii H,Yamada K,Hayashi S,Yabune M,Murakami M,Kajimoto O

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acne vulgaris suppresses an individual's self-confidence by causing distress with regard to physical appearance, which affects a significant number of individuals during puberty and is delineated by adolescence. Several treatments have been introduced to decrease the aesthetic and psychological problems caused by acne...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Kanlayavattanakul M,Lourith N

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lower eyelid sags as well as wrinkles represent age-related morphological changes of the skin surface. However, a quantitative method to evaluate lower eyelid sagging has not been previously established. We designed a new quantitative evaluation method that uses non-invasive skin scanning, which is based on the differ...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Fukuda Y,Fujimura T,Moriwaki S,Kitahara T

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Hyaluronan (HA), an important constituent of extracellular matrix in the skin, has many biological activities such as hydration that contributes to firmness and bounciness of the skin. We have reported that reduction in HA in the papillary dermis and over-expression of HYBID (HYaluronan Binding protein Invol...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Yoshida H,Yamazaki K,Komiya A,Aoki M,Kasamatsu S,Murata T,Sayo T,Cilek MZ,Okada Y,Takahashi Y

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many studies have presented stress-strain relationship of human hair, but most of them have been based on an engineering stress-strain curve, which is not a true representation of stress-strain behaviour. In this study, a more accurate 'true' stress-strain curve of human hair was determined by applying optical techniq...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Lee J,Kwon HJ

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of the study was to compare measurements of skin hydration and of biomechanical properties performed on different zones of face and volar forearm. Two short-term (1 h) and two long-term (3 weeks) studies were conducted with a moisturizing and a firming product, respectively, on groups of female volunteer...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Bazin R,Fanchon C

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Facial clinical signs and their integration are the basis of perception than others could have from ourselves, noticeably the age they imagine we are. Facial modifications in motion and their objective measurements before and after application of skin regimen are essential to go further in evaluation capacit...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Flament F,Bazin R,Piot B

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper examines the various methods that are available to the scientist working with natural materials to substantiate their efficacy. The methods discussed are: literature surveys, clinical trials, instrumental measurement, products with Pharmaceutical Licenses, comparison with other plants containing same active...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Dweck AC

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Variable skin pH values are being reported in literature, all in the acidic range but with a broad range from pH 4.0 to 7.0. In a multicentre study (N = 330), we have assessed the skin surface pH of the volar forearm before and after refraining from showering and cosmetic product application for 24 h. The average pH d...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Lambers H,Piessens S,Bloem A,Pronk H,Finkel P

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a seed crop rich in bioactive compounds including phytoecdysones (especially 20-hydroxyecdysone, 20HE), polyphenols, proteins and essential fatty acids. We previously reported a method to leach and concentrate quinoa bioactives into a complex phytochemical mixture termed ...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Graf BL,Cheng DM,Esposito D,Shertel T,Poulev A,Plundrich N,Itenberg D,Dayan N,Lila MA,Raskin I

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fading of artificial hair colour has been investigated by simulating actual usage conditions through exposure to artificial radiation in a weatherometer, with 0.35 mW (m(2)nm)(-1) at 340 nm, for 16-48 h, and by periodical washing. Hair colour was produced by using commercial two-part, permanent hair dyes with light au...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Locke B,Jachowicz J

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To understand the drivers of body skin discomfort and to validate a new index to assess its severity. This index should be sensitive enough to capture changes in response to treatment. METHODS:Previous consumer studies suggested seven potential main dimensions behind skin discomfort. Four of them refer to se...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Segot-Chicq E,Salah S,Jullien M,Portal N,Deschodt C,Gagnebien D

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:As skin ages, impaired extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis and increased action of degradative enzymes manifest as atrophy, wrinkling and laxity. There is mounting evidence for the functional role of exogenous peptides across many areas, including in offsetting the effects of cutaneous ageing. Here, ...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Kennedy K,Cal R,Casey R,Lopez C,Adelfio A,Molloy B,Wall AM,Holton TA,Khaldi N

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antioxidants play a vital role in protecting the skin from environmental distress. As the skin is constantly exposed to harmful UV radiation, endogenous antioxidants present in the superficial layers of the skin neutralize reactive oxygen species. Over time, antioxidants become depleted and loss their protective effec...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Abla MJ,Banga AK

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In order to comply with the European legislation concerning the risk assessment of skin sensitizers, considerable progress has been made in developing alternative methods, such as human cell line activation test (h-CLAT). H-CLAT is based on cytometric measurement of fluorescence emitted by anti-CD54 and anti...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Buzzella A,Mazzini G,Vicini R,Angelinetta C,Pastoris O

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00