Abstract:
:We often refer to road fatalities without knowing exactly what injuries are responsible for them. Based on the Rhône Road Trauma Registry this paper sets out to describe the topography, nature and frequency of the fatal injuries sustained by car drivers. Mean annual mortality at the wheel of a car, computed by dividing the total number of drivers killed (n=383) by the population of the Rhône Département (1.6 million) during the period 1996-2004 was 5.41 males per 100,000 and 1.41 females per 100,000, with 78% of the casualties residing in the Département. A reduction has been observed since 2003. Three-quarters of the casualties died at the scene of the crash. The results confirm the effectiveness of seat belts. The observed lethality was 0.43% for unbelted drivers and 2.7% for belted drivers (RR=0.16 [0.12; 0.21]). The injuries were analyzed for the 287 killed drivers whose deaths could be explained by the described injuries (at least one AIS 4+ injury). Of these, 41% had an ISS of 75 (at least one AIS 6 injury), 21% had an ISS of between 40 and 74, 33% an ISS of between 25 and 40, and 6% an ISS of between 16 and 24. In the case of all the AIS 4+ injuries, the three most frequent locations for injuries were the thorax only (30% of casualties), the head only (23%) and a combination of the two (18%). Abdominal injuries occurred in only 10% of casualties and spinal injuries in 9% of casualties. In the thorax, the most common injury was flail chest with haemothorax or pneumothorax. In the case of the head, the most frequent injuries were to the brain (haemorrhage, haematoma and axonal injuries). Complex fractures of the base of the skull were the second most common craniocephalic injuries. In spite of the use of restraint devices, the thorax and head are still the priority vital areas for protection in the case of car drivers. For one in four of the fatalities, death cannot be explained by any of the injuries we know about. As road traffic accidents are considered to be a cause of death in their own right, autopsies are rarely performed in France on such fatalities. This means we do not know about any injuries that cannot be detected by an external examination of the cadaver.
journal_name
Forensic Sci Intjournal_title
Forensic science internationalauthors
Ndiaye A,Chambost M,Chiron Mdoi
10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.11.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-30 00:00:00pages
21-7issue
1-3eissn
0379-0738issn
1872-6283pii
S0379-0738(08)00458-1journal_volume
184pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The ability to link criminal activity and identity using validated analytical approaches can be of great value to forensic scientists. Herein, the factors affecting the recovery and detection of inorganic and organic energetic material residues within chemically or physically enhanced fingermarks on paper and glass su...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.04.017
更新日期:2013-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates the enhancement of footwear impressions prepared with soils from different locations on a variety of fabric surfaces with different morphology. Preliminary experiments using seventeen techniques were carried out and the best responding reagents were evaluated further. Results indicated that the...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.11.011
更新日期:2012-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::Traditionally, sperms are isolated from vaginal cell mixtures by preferential extraction methods. Although these methods work well when there is a reasonable amount of DNA present, they are problematic when there are limited amounts (ca. 250 pg). In particular, the analysis of sperm from microscope slides has proven d...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00267-6
更新日期:2003-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the DNA mutation rate and pattern in the hypervariable short tandem repeat (STR) locus D12S391 and in the locus D8S1132, samples from an eastern German population (Dresden area) were analysed. A duplex PCR was applied, using short amplification products for D12S391 (129-177bp) and a modified reverse pri...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00596-5
更新日期:2001-12-27 00:00:00
abstract::The judicial system calls upon expert witnesses to testify in court when complex or specialized knowledge, beyond that of the lay person, is needed to interpret the evidence. Previous research has indicated that particular traits of the expert witness can affect their credibility in the eyes of the jury, however most ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.07.030
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Species identification is a crucial step in forensic anthropological studies. The aim of this study was to determine elemental profiles in bones from four mammal species, to be used for species discrimination. Human, elephant, dog, and dolphin bones were scanned by X-ray fluorescence (XRF); the differences in elementa...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.03.056
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of amphetamine and 'ecstasy' (MDMA) has increased exponentially in many European countries since the late nineties, leading to a rapid growth in the number of clinical and forensic analyses. Therefore, a rapid screening procedure for these substances in biological specimens has become an important part of rout...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.04.019
更新日期:2005-10-04 00:00:00
abstract::Allele frequencies for the 15 STR locus of PowerPlex 16 were analyzed in 95 healthy unrelated individuals belonging to five important population groups inhabiting different part of India. Fifteen loci studied are Penta E, D18S51, D21S11, THO1,D3S1358, FGA, TPOX, D8S1179, vWA, Amelogenin, Penta D, CSF1PO, D16S539, D7S8...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00021-x
更新日期:2002-04-18 00:00:00
abstract::This study focuses on insects and other arthropods sampled on the exhumation of an infant skeleton belonging to 'Prof. Dr. Rómulo Lambre' skeletal collection. The body was buried in soil inside a wooden coffin in a grave 40cm deep, in autumn, and stored in the cemetery deposit after exhumation. Death records were obta...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.12.029
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A duplex primer set for the amplification of mitochondrial DNA HVI and HVII control regions was evaluated for the optimization of a DNA sequencing protocol suitable for forensic casework. HVI and HVII products, with the absence of non-specific products, could be detected by agarose gel electrophoresis when as little a...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.09.128
更新日期:2005-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::Suicide has been reported as the second or third most common cause of death in children and adolescents worldwide. In this study, cases of under the age of 19 years submitted to the Institute of Forensic Medicine, First Specialization Board between 1996 and 2000 as suicides by the Board were evaluated retrospectively....
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2003.11.024
更新日期:2004-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::Researchers in the field of hair analysis have known for at least two decades that test results for many chemical compounds remain positive for a considerable period of time after subjects have reported cessation of use. These findings were generally based on small sample populations or individual case studies. Within...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.06.030
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was carried out to evaluate the potential of using cholesterol and coprostanol, as indicators for the detection of decomposition fluid of buried pigs (S. s. domesticus) in soils. In May 2007, four pig carcasses (∼35kg) were buried in shallow graves (∼40 cm depth) at the University of Ontario Institute of Te...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.03.030
更新日期:2013-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Research into fingermark enhancement techniques has traditionally used visual comparisons and qualitative methods to assess their effectiveness based on the quality of the developed fingermark. However, with increasing research into the optimisation of these techniques the need for a quantitative evaluative method has...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.02.003
更新日期:2008-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::Despite numerous instrumental achievements, canines are still considered the most effective field method for explosive detection. However, due to strict explosive regulations and safety requirements, it can be a challenge for agencies with "bomb dogs" to train using neat explosive materials. This establishes a need fo...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.05.019
更新日期:2011-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::In this report we describe a first suicide case in Serbia related to ingestion of Taxus baccata leaves. A 30-year old woman was found dead, and the green plant material in a plastic bag was found near her bed. Autopsy revealed dark green needle-like leaves in the stomach, similar to that contained in the plastic bag, ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.07.017
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The precision of death time estimation by vitreous potassium using 5 different formulas is compared on a random sample of 600 cases. Mean differences, standard deviations and 95% limits of confidence between real and extrapolated time since death were calculated. The best results were obtained using equations with "me...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.10.005
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::5F-MDMB-PICA has been detected in products sold on the internet as well as in biological samples since 2016. It is associated with serious adverse health and behavioral effects and even death. Herein we report on twelve cases with proven 5F-MDMB-PICA consumption, including three fatalities, four cases of driving under...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110410
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Highly efficient multifunctional agarose SERS test stripes has been fabricated by a convenient facile approach. SERS stripes were found to be highly sensitive, robust, and capable to alleviate the two major drawbacks of filter paper based SERS substrate i.e. the weak adhesion of plasmonic nanoparticles and the diffusi...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.01.019
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adhesion molecules identified in recent years can help improve the diagnosis of the wound age, especially of injuries with a short survival time. This is also indicative of the vitality of the wounds. The material investigated in the study originated from 465 skin wounds. The samples were taken from human autopsy ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(00)00258-9
更新日期:2000-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Population genetic data for the 15 STRs included in the AmpFlSTR Identifiler kit were obtained from a sample of 168 unrelated individuals of the ethnic group of Polish Tatars residing in the Northeastern Poland. Significant differences revealed in relation to the autochthonous Poles by using R x C test as well as F(ST...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.07.009
更新日期:2005-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::Diastereomeric dipeptides were derived from the amino acid enantiomers in dentin by O-phthalaldehyde-N-acetyl-L-cysteine. The products were separated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and detected by fluorescence detector. A short analysis time (total analysis time was 15 min, including retention tim...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(95)01709-7
更新日期:1995-05-09 00:00:00
abstract::Allele frequency data and forensic efficiency parameters for 10 STR loci: D3S1358, vWA, D16S539, D2S1338, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D19S433, TH01 and FGA, were estimated from a sample of 207 unrelated individuals in Lodz region of Poland. ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00268-8
更新日期:2003-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::The post-mortem redistribution of a number of psychiatric drugs was investigated. A portion of liver, the gastric contents and blood collected from heart and femoral sites was obtained from 13 cases and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Drugs detected included five selective serotonin reuptake inhib...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.02.013
更新日期:2006-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Two likelihood ratio (LR) approaches are presented to evaluate the strength of evidence of MDMA tablet comparisons. The first one is based on a more 'traditional' comparison of MDMA tablets by using distance measures (e.g., Pearson correlation distance or a Euclidean distance). In this approach, LRs are calculated usi...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.06.006
更新日期:2009-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::By definition, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) requires diagnosis through exclusion by conducting an autopsy. To obtain a reliable diagnosis of this disease, an autopsy is essential. However, the frequency with which autopsies are conducted in Japan is not sufficient to meet the need associated with the diagnosis ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00148-2
更新日期:2002-09-14 00:00:00
abstract::Superimposition is an efficient method for evaluation of coincidence between a skull and a photo portrait. The principle of superimposition method lies in the projection of the skull into the face image. During the projection of an object with a perspective camera, the mapping of a three-dimensional object into a two-...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.06.062
更新日期:2007-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::The authors have proposed a quantitative method for assessing weight of evidence in the case where a fingermark from a crime scene is compared with a set of control prints from the ten fingers of a suspect. The approach is based on the notion of calculating a Likelihood Ratio (LR) that addresses a pair of propositions...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.08.008
更新日期:2012-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::Cadaver body bags are the conventional method to contain a human body or human remains, which includes the use for storage and transportation of the deceased at any crime scene or disaster scene. During disasters, most often than not, the first responders including the police will be equipped with cadaver body bags to...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.04.017
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA evidence frequently plays an important role in criminal investigations and in some cases may be the only means of convicting a suspect. The constant improvement of DNA analysis techniques affords the individualization of minute amounts of DNA, aggravating the risk of contamination artifacts. In our study, we inves...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.09.006
更新日期:2012-03-10 00:00:00