Ca2+ bursts occur around a local minimal concentration of attractant and trigger sperm chemotactic response.

abstract：:The gene IL-3 encodes interleukin 3, a hematopoietic colony-stimulating factor (CSF) that is capable of supporting the proliferation of a broad range of hematopoietic cell types. By using somatic cell hybrids and in situ chromosomal hybridization, we localized this gene to human chromosome 5 at bands q23-31, a chromos...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Le Beau MM,Epstein ND,O'Brien SJ,Nienhuis AW,Yang YC,Clark SC,Rowley JD

更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have generated mutants of Escherichia coli formylmethionine initiator tRNA in which one, two, and all three G X C base pairs in the GGGCCC sequence in the anticodon stem are changed to those found in E. coli elongator methionine tRNA. Overproduction of the mutant tRNAs using M13 recombinants as an expression vector...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seong BL,RajBhandary UL

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Let X = Omega/Gamma be a compact quotient of an irreducible bounded symmetric domain Omega of rank >/=2 by a discrete group omega of automorphisms without fixed points. It is well known that the Kähler-Einstein metric g on X carries seminegative curvature (in the sense of Griffiths). I show that any Hermitian metric h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mok N

更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) is a 749-amino acid type II integral membrane protein that has been identified recently as the neutral endopeptidase 24.11 [NEP (EC 3.4.24.11)]. Herein, we characterize the organization of the human CALLA/NEP gene and show that it spans more than 80 kilobases (kb...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： D'Adamio L,Shipp MA,Masteller EL,Reinherz EL

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Herpesviruses require a nuclear egress complex (NEC) for efficient transit of nucleocapsids from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The NEC orchestrates multiple steps during herpesvirus nuclear egress, including disruption of nuclear lamina and particle budding through the inner nuclear membrane. In the important human pa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leigh KE,Sharma M,Mansueto MS,Boeszoermenyi A,Filman DJ,Hogle JM,Wagner G,Coen DM,Arthanari H

更新日期：2015-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:To maintain genome stability, cells with damaged DNA must arrest to allow repair of mutations before replication. Although several key components required to elicit this arrest have been discovered, much of the pathway remains elusive. Here we report that pRB acts as a central mediator of the proliferative block induc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harrington EA,Bruce JL,Harlow E,Dyson N

更新日期：1998-09-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The S(N)2 displacement of Cl(-) from 1,2-dichloroethane by acetate (CH(3)CO(2)(-)) in water and by the carboxylate of the active site aspartate in the haloalkane dehalogenase of Xanthobacter autothropicus have been compared by using molecular dynamics simulations. In aqueous solution, six families of contact-pair stru...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hur S,Kahn K,Bruice TC

更新日期：2003-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Lufenuron is an insect growth regulator insecticide mainly used for the control of the cat flea. To understand mechanisms of resistance to lufenuron, we have characterized lufenuron resistance in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster. In this study we have used precise genetic mapping to identify a mechanism...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bogwitz MR,Chung H,Magoc L,Rigby S,Wong W,O'Keefe M,McKenzie JA,Batterham P,Daborn PJ

更新日期：2005-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the function of silicon (Si) in plant physiology has long been debated, its beneficial effects on plant resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses, including insect herbivory, have been well documented. In addition, the jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in mediating antiherbivore defen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ye M,Song Y,Long J,Wang R,Baerson SR,Pan Z,Zhu-Salzman K,Xie J,Cai K,Luo S,Zeng R

更新日期：2013-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Organic agriculture promotes sustainability compared to conventional agriculture. However, the multifunctional sustainability benefits of organic farms might be mediated by landscape context. Assessing how landscape context affects sustainability may aid in targeting organic production to landscapes that promote high ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smith OM,Cohen AL,Reganold JP,Jones MS,Orpet RJ,Taylor JM,Thurman JH,Cornell KA,Olsson RL,Ge Y,Kennedy CM,Crowder DW

更新日期：2020-02-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Here, we identified and characterized a Ly49 family member, designated as Ly49Q. The Ly49q gene encodes a 273-aa protein with an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) at the N terminus of its cytoplasmic domain. We show that the ITIM of Ly49Q can recruit SHP-2 and SHP-1 in a tyrosine phosphorylation-de...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Toyama-Sorimachi N,Tsujimura Y,Maruya M,Onoda A,Kubota T,Koyasu S,Inaba K,Karasuyama H

更新日期：2004-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The het-s locus of Podospora anserina is a heterokaryon incompatibility locus. The coexpression of the antagonistic het-s and het-S alleles triggers a lethal reaction that prevents the formation of viable heterokaryons. Strains that contain the het-s allele can display two different phenotypes, [Het-s] or [Het-s*], ac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Coustou V,Deleu C,Saupe S,Begueret J

更新日期：1997-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), an important mechanism of Ca2+ signaling in a wide range of cell types, is mediated by stromal interaction molecule (STIM), which senses the depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores and binds and activates Orai channels in the plasma membrane. This inside-out mechanism of Ca2...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim KM,Wijerathne T,Hur JH,Kang UJ,Kim IH,Kweon YC,Lee AR,Jeong SJ,Lee SK,Lee YY,Sim BW,Lee JH,Baig C,Kim SU,Chang KT,Lee KP,Park CY

更新日期：2018-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Some spectinomycin-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli are cold-sensitive. They are unable to assemble both 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits at low temperatures. They accumulate two kinds of incomplete particles, related to 30S and 50S subunits respectively. A single mutation, causing an alteration in a 30S ribosomal ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nashimoto H,Nomura M

更新日期：1970-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The planarity of peptide bonds is an assumption that underlies decades of theoretical modeling of proteins. Peptide bonds strongly deviating from planarity are considered very rare features of protein structure that occur for functional reasons. Here, empirical analyses of atomic-resolution protein structures reveal t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Berkholz DS,Driggers CM,Shapovalov MV,Dunbrack RL Jr,Karplus PA

更新日期：2012-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：:3-Hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) is a tryptophan metabolite whose level in the brain is markedly elevated under several pathological conditions, including Huntington disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Here we demonstrate that micromolar concentrations (1-100 microM) of 3-HK cause cell death in primary neuro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Okuda S,Nishiyama N,Saito H,Katsuki H

更新日期：1996-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in the dystrophin gene cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) most commonly through loss of protein expression. In a small subpopulation of patients, missense mutations can cause DMD, Becker muscular dystrophy, or X-linked cardiomyopathy. Nearly one-half of disease-causing missense mutations are located in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Henderson DM,Lee A,Ervasti JM

更新日期：2010-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The dilute (d) coat color mutation on chromosome 9 is closely associated with an ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) genome [Jenkins, N.A., Copeland, N.G., Taylor, B.A. & Lee, B.K. (1981) Nature 293, 370-374]. DBA/2J mice homozygous for the reverse mutation to wild type at the dilute locus (d+2J) lack ecotropic vir...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Copeland NG,Jenkins NA,Lee BK

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genetic basis for virulence in influenza virus is largely unknown. To explore the mutational basis for increased virulence in the lung, the H3N2 prototype clinical isolate, A/HK/1/68, was adapted to the mouse. Genomic sequencing provided the first demonstration, to our knowledge, that a group of 11 mutations can c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brown EG,Liu H,Kit LC,Baird S,Nesrallah M

更新日期：2001-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Metals in one spatial dimension are described at the lowest energy scales by the Luttinger liquid theory. It is well understood that this free theory, and even interacting integrable models, can support ballistic transport of conserved quantities including energy. In contrast, realistic one-dimensional metals, even wi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bulchandani VB,Karrasch C,Moore JE

更新日期：2020-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Maintenance of genome stability is carried out by a suite of DNA repair pathways that ensure the repair of damaged DNA and faithful replication of the genome. Of particular importance are the repair pathways, which respond to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and how the efficiency of repair is influenced by sequence h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meyer D,Fu BX,Heyer WD

更新日期：2015-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell-cell interactions organize lens fiber cells into highly ordered structures to maintain transparency. However, signals regulating such interactions have not been well characterized. We report here that ephrin-A5, a ligand of the Eph receptor tyrosine kinases, plays a key role in lens fiber cell shape and cell-cell...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cooper MA,Son AI,Komlos D,Sun Y,Kleiman NJ,Zhou R

更新日期：2008-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:mRNA localization is a complex pathway. Besides mRNA sorting per se, this process includes aspects of regulated translation. It requires protein factors that interact with defined sequences (or sequence motifs) of the transcript, and the protein/RNA complexes are finally guided along the cytoskeleton to their ultimate...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mohr E,Prakash N,Vieluf K,Fuhrmann C,Buck F,Richter D

更新日期：2001-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The relationship between the compositions of the Earth and chondritic meteorites is at the center of many important debates. A basic assumption in most models for the Earth's composition is that the refractory elements are present in chondritic proportions relative to each other. This assumption is now challenged by r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huang S,Jacobsen SB,Mukhopadhyay S

更新日期：2013-03-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The DNA of functional cis-regulatory modules displays extensive sequence conservation in comparisons of genomes from modestly distant species. Patches of sequence that are several hundred base pairs in length within these modules are often seen to be 80-95% identical, although the flanking sequence cannot even be alig...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cameron RA,Chow SH,Berney K,Chiu TY,Yuan QA,Krämer A,Helguero A,Ransick A,Yun M,Davidson EH

更新日期：2005-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Somatic-cell hybrids have been shown to maintain the correct epigenetic chromatin states to study developmental globin gene expression as well as gene expression on the active and inactive X chromosomes. This suggests the potential use of somatic-cell hybrids containing either a maternal or a paternal human chromosome...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gabriel JM,Higgins MJ,Gebuhr TC,Shows TB,Saitoh S,Nicholls RD

更新日期：1998-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Three of the four deoxynucleoside kinases required for growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus R-26 exist as heterodimeric pairs specific for deoxyadenosine (dAK) and deoxycytidine (dCK) or dAK and deoxyguanosine (dGK). However, only two tandem genes, dak/dgk, are found, and are expressed only as dAK/dGK in transformed Es...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ma N,Ikeda S,Guo S,Fieno A,Park I,Grimme S,Ikeda T,Ives DH

更新日期：1996-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Death of pancreatic β cells is a pathological hallmark of type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the molecular mechanisms of β cell death and its regulation are poorly understood. Here we describe a unique regulatory pathway of β cell death that comprises microRNA-21, its target tumor suppressor PDCD4, and its upstream trans...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ruan Q,Wang T,Kameswaran V,Wei Q,Johnson DS,Matschinsky F,Shi W,Chen YH

更新日期：2011-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Aluminum (Al) is the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust, but its trivalent ionic form is highly toxic to all organisms at low concentrations. How Al enters cells has not been elucidated in any organisms. Herein, we report a transporter, Nrat1 (Nramp aluminum transporter 1), specific for trivalent Al ion in rice....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xia J,Yamaji N,Kasai T,Ma JF

更新日期：2010-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Protective immunity against human schistosome infection develops slowly, for reasons that are not yet fully understood. For many decades, researchers have attempted to infer properties of the immune response from epidemiological studies, with mathematical models frequently being used to bridge the gap between immunolo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mitchell KM,Mutapi F,Savill NJ,Woolhouse ME

更新日期：2012-08-14 00:00:00