High-resolution mass spectrometry of viral assemblies: molecular composition and stability of dimorphic hepatitis B virus capsids.

abstract：:Food avoidance learning in the mollusc Pleurobranchaea entails reduction in the responsiveness of key brain interneurons in the feeding neural circuitry, the paracerebral feeding command interneurons (PCNs), to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (AcCho). Food stimuli applied to the oral veil of an untrained animal dep...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morielli AD,Matera EM,Kovac MP,Shrum RG,McCormack KJ,Davis WJ

更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The technique of single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) was used to screen a series of 37 established colorectal cell lines, 22 fresh tumor samples, and 22 normal DNA samples for mutations in the beta 2-microglobulin gene. Exon 1 (including the leader peptide sequence) and exon 2 were screened separately. Six ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bicknell DC,Rowan A,Bodmer WF

更新日期：1994-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple-choice examinations play a critical role in university admissions across the world. A key question is whether imposing penalties for wrong answers on these examinations deters guessing from women more than men, disadvantaging female test-takers. We consider data from a large-scale, high-stakes policy change t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Coffman KB,Klinowski D

更新日期：2020-04-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelial cells (EC) play a central role in inflammatory immune responses and efficiently induce effector functions in T cells, despite lacking the classical costimulatory ligands CD80 and CD86. By using the mAb HIL-131 we now demonstrate that human inducible costimulator-ligand (ICOS-L), a molecule related to CD80/...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Khayyamian S,Hutloff A,Büchner K,Gräfe M,Henn V,Kroczek RA,Mages HW

更新日期：2002-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:We have studied the effects of specific ligands of the receptor for the IgG Fc fragment (FcR) on the membrane potential (delta psi) of the macrophage cell line J774 by the [3H]tetraphenylphosphonium ion equilibration technique. We observe a membrane depolarization with binding of FcR ligands that is dependent on the d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Young JD,Unkeless JC,Kaback HR,Cohn ZA

更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tooth decay (dental caries) is a widespread human disease caused by microbial biofilms. Streptococcus mutans, a biofilm-former, has been consistently associated with severe childhood caries; however, how this bacterium is spatially organized with other microorganisms in the oral cavity to promote disease remains unkno...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim D,Barraza JP,Arthur RA,Hara A,Lewis K,Liu Y,Scisci EL,Hajishengallis E,Whiteley M,Koo H

更新日期：2020-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Morphogenesis often yields organs with robust size and shapes, whereas cell growth and deformation feature significant spatiotemporal variability. Here, we investigate whether tissue responses to mechanical signals contribute to resolve this apparent paradox. We built a model of growing tissue made of fiber-like mater...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fruleux A,Boudaoud A

更新日期：2019-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The memory for a new episode is formed immediately upon experience and can last up to a lifetime. It has been shown that the hippocampal network plays a fundamental role in the rapid acquisition of a memory of a one-time experience, in which the novelty component of the experience promotes the prompt formation of the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wagatsuma A,Okuyama T,Sun C,Smith LM,Abe K,Tonegawa S

更新日期：2018-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：:During tRNA biosynthesis the 5'-leader sequences in precursor tRNAs are removed by the ribonucleoprotein RNase P, an enzyme whose RNA moiety is required for activity. To clarify some aspects of the enzyme mechanism, we examined substrate binding and product formation with mutant precursor tRNAs. Mutations G-1----A or ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nichols M,Söll D,Willis I

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The highly homologous Rnf2 (Ring1b) and Ring1 (Ring1a) proteins were identified as in vivo interactors of the Polycomb Group (PcG) protein Bmi1. Functional ablation of Rnf2 results in gastrulation arrest, in contrast to relatively mild phenotypes in most other PcG gene null mutants belonging to the same functional gro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Voncken JW,Roelen BA,Roefs M,de Vries S,Verhoeven E,Marino S,Deschamps J,van Lohuizen M

更新日期：2003-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:To test for direct and indirect effects of a top predator on three lower trophic levels, we conducted two multiyear predator addition experiments in a tropical wet forest. Periodic additions of a top predator (predatory clerid beetle) to a wet forest understory shrub caused a reduction in the predatory beetle's prey (...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dyer LA,Letourneau DK

更新日期：1999-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Photosystem II (PSII), the light-driven water/plastoquinone photooxidoreductase, is of central importance in the planetary energy cycle. The product of the reaction, plastohydroquinone (PQH2), is released into the membrane from the QB site, where it is formed. A plastoquinone (PQ) from the membrane pool then binds int...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： De Causmaecker S,Douglass JS,Fantuzzi A,Nitschke W,Rutherford AW

更新日期：2019-09-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Cultured hippocampal slices prepared from apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were exposed to an inhibitor of cathepsins B and L and then processed for immunocytochemistry using antibodies against human paired helical filaments. Dense, AT8-immunopositive deposits were found in the subiculum, stratum oriens of hippocampal ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bi X,Yong AP,Zhou J,Ribak CE,Lynch G

更新日期：2001-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) plays an important role in energy metabolism in brain and muscle. Expression of CK isoenzymes is regulated during development and is tissue specific. To define the structures of canine CK isoenzymes and to elucidate the mechanism of regulation in their expression, CK cDNA clones from d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roman D,Billadello J,Gordon J,Grace A,Sobel B,Strauss A

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) control a multitude of biological processes and are therefore subjected to multiple levels of regulation. Negative feedback is one of the mechanisms that provide an effective means to control RTK-mediated signaling. Sef has recently been identified as a specific antagonist of fibroblas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Preger E,Ziv I,Shabtay A,Sher I,Tsang M,Dawid IB,Altuvia Y,Ron D

更新日期：2004-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Surface proteins of mouse thymus and spleen cells were radioiodinated with lactoperoxidase. After solubilization, the labeled proteins were precipitated by antibodies directed against mouse immunoglobulin chains; the precipitates were analyzed by radioautography after Na dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. Radioactiv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lisowska-Bernstein B,Rinuy A,Vassalli P

更新日期：1973-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite growing evidence for perceptual interactions between motion and position, no unifying framework exists to account for these two key features of our visual experience. We show that percepts of both object position and motion derive from a common object-tracking system--a system that optimally integrates sensory...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kwon OS,Tadin D,Knill DC

更新日期：2015-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, 18-22 nt long, noncoding RNAs that act as potent negative gene regulators in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. To repress gene expression, miRNAs are packaged into RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs) that target mRNAs for degradation and/or translational repressio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen AK,Sengupta P,Waki K,Van Engelenburg SB,Ochiya T,Ablan SD,Freed EO,Lippincott-Schwartz J

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this report we provide evidence that neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are present on hippocampal astrocytes and their activation produces rapid currents and calcium transients. Our data indicate that these responses obtained from astrocytes are primarily mediated by an AChR subtype that is functi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sharma G,Vijayaraghavan S

更新日期：2001-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The 82-residue amino-terminal sequences of simian virus 40 large tumor antigen (TAg) and small tumor antigen (tAg) are identical. Genetic analysis of TAg lacking amino acids 1-82 revealed that it was transformation-defective, as revealed by the agar growth assay, except when introduced in the presence of tAg. Since th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Montano X,Millikan R,Milhaven JM,Newsom DA,Ludlow JW,Arthur AK,Fanning E,Bikel I,Livingston DM

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Energetics of resting and evoked fMRI signals were related to localized ensemble firing rates (nu) measured by electrophysiology in rats. Two different unstimulated, or baseline, states were established by anesthesia. Halothane and alpha-chloralose established baseline states of high and low energy, respectively, in w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Maandag NJ,Coman D,Sanganahalli BG,Herman P,Smith AJ,Blumenfeld H,Shulman RG,Hyder F

更新日期：2007-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) and liver receptor homologue-1 (LRH-1) belong to the fushi tarazu factor 1 subfamily of nuclear receptors. SF-1 is an essential factor for sex determination during development and regulates adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis in the adult, whereas LRH-1 is a critical factor for developmen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang W,Zhang C,Marimuthu A,Krupka HI,Tabrizizad M,Shelloe R,Mehra U,Eng K,Nguyen H,Settachatgul C,Powell B,Milburn MV,West BL

更新日期：2005-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:CTCF sites are abundant in the genomes of diverse species but their function is enigmatic. We used chromosome conformation capture to determine long-range interactions among CTCF/cohesin sites over 2 Mb on human chromosome 11 encompassing the beta-globin locus and flanking olfactory receptor genes. Although CTCF occup...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hou C,Dale R,Dean A

更新日期：2010-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：:There is currently no consensus on the importance of climate change in Mesoamerican prehistory. Some invoke drought as a causal factor in major cultural transitions, including the abandonment of many sites at 900 CE, while others conclude that cultural factors were more important. This lack of agreement reflects the f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bhattacharya T,Byrne R,Böhnel H,Wogau K,Kienel U,Ingram BL,Zimmerman S

更新日期：2015-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:CCR5 encodes a cell surface chemokine receptor molecule that serves as the principal coreceptor, with CD4, for HIV-type 1 (HIV-1). Varied HIV-1 susceptibility and time to progression to AIDS have been associated with polymorphisms in CCR5. Many of these polymorphisms are located in the 5' cis-regulatory region of CCR5...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bamshad MJ,Mummidi S,Gonzalez E,Ahuja SS,Dunn DM,Watkins WS,Wooding S,Stone AC,Jorde LB,Weiss RB,Ahuja SK

更新日期：2002-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The goal of this study was to characterize and classify pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors based on array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Using aCGH, we performed karyotype analysis of 33 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumors, 13 SCLC cell lines, 19 bronchial carcinoids, and 9 gastrointestinal carcinoids. In con...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Voortman J,Lee JH,Killian JK,Suuriniemi M,Wang Y,Lucchi M,Smith WI Jr,Meltzer P,Wang Y,Giaccone G

更新日期：2010-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Transformation of murine thymocytes by radiation leukemia virus is associated with reduced expression of the class I antigens encoded in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and increased methylation and altered restriction enzyme patterns of MHC DNA. These changes may play a role in host susceptibility to virus...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meruelo D,Kornreich R,Rossomando A,Pampeno C,Boral A,Silver JL,Buxbaum J,Weiss EH,Devlin JJ,Mellor AL

更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Field cancerization predisposes the upper aerodigestive tract mucosa to the formation of multiple primary tumors, when exposed to environmental carcinogens. Up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor occurs early in squamous cell carcinogenesis and is critical for the loss of growth control in a variety of huma...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Grandis JR,Drenning SD,Zeng Q,Watkins SC,Melhem MF,Endo S,Johnson DE,Huang L,He Y,Kim JD

更新日期：2000-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:We report here studies of tryptophan (Trp) solvation dynamics in water and in the Pyrococcus furiosus rubredoxin protein, including the native and its apo and denatured forms. We also report results on energy transfer from Trp to the iron-sulfur [Fe-S] cluster. Trp fluorescence decay with the onset of solvation dynami...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhong D,Pal SK,Zhang D,Chan SI,Zewail AH

更新日期：2002-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammation and vascular injury triggered by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) represent a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in a number of clinical settings. Wnt and its homolog partners R-spondins, in addition to regulating embryonic development have recently been demonstrated to serve as wound-healing agents in in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kannan L,Kis-Toth K,Yoshiya K,Thai TH,Sehrawat S,Mayadas TN,Dalle Lucca JJ,Tsokos GC

更新日期：2013-08-27 00:00:00