Abstract:
:In this report we provide evidence that neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are present on hippocampal astrocytes and their activation produces rapid currents and calcium transients. Our data indicate that these responses obtained from astrocytes are primarily mediated by an AChR subtype that is functionally blocked by alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha Bgt) and contains the alpha7 subunit (alpha Bgt-AChRs). Furthermore, their action is unusual in that they effectively increase intracellular free calcium concentrations by activating calcium-induced calcium release from intracellular stores, triggered by influx through the receptor channels. These results reveal a mechanism by which alpha Bgt-AChRs on astrocytes can efficiently modulate calcium signaling in the central nervous system in a manner distinct from that observed with these receptors on neurons.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Sharma G,Vijayaraghavan Sdoi
10.1073/pnas.071540198keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-03-27 00:00:00pages
4148-53issue
7eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
071540198journal_volume
98pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI 3-kinases) have been implicated in membrane trafficking in the secretory and endocytic pathways of yeast and mammalian cells, but the molecular mechanisms by which these lipid kinases operate are not known. Here we identify a protein of 170 kDa that is rapidly released from cell memb...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.14.7326
更新日期:1997-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelial heterogeneity has important implications in health and disease. Molecular markers selectively expressed in the vasculature of different organs and tissues are currently being explored in targeted therapies with promising results in preclinical and clinical studies. Noteworthy is the role that combinatorial...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1809483116
更新日期:2019-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::Signaling through the Toll receptor is required for dorsal/ventral polarity in Drosophila embryos, and also plays an evolutionarily conserved role in the immune response. Upon ligand binding, Toll appears to multimerize and activate the associated kinase, Pelle. However, the immediate downstream targets of Pelle have ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.141235698
更新日期:2001-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Illumination of a system consisting of a vertical tube containing an unstirred homogeneous suspension of thylakoids in an imposed linear concentration gradient of an electron acceptor, 2,6-dichloroindophenol, gave rise to a one-dimensional banded pattern of the acceptor that evolved in a time-dependent manner. The spa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.2.516
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In skeletal muscle, transcription of the gene encoding the mouse type Ialpha (RIalpha) subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase is initiated from the alternative noncoding first exons 1a and 1b. Here, we report that activity of the promoter upstream of exon 1a (Pa) depends on two adjacent E boxes (E1 and E2) in NI...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.081393598
更新日期:2001-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons in macaque primary visual cortex are spatially arranged by their global topographic position and in at least three overlapping local modular systems: ocular dominance columns, orientation pinwheels, and cytochrome oxidase (CO) blobs. Individual neurons in the blobs are not tuned to orientation, and populations...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0500291102
更新日期:2005-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Urate oxidase (UOxase; urate:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.7.3.3), which catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to allantoin, is present in most mammals but is absent in humans and certain primates. A cDNA clone for UOxase containing an insert of 1.3 kilobases (kb) was isolated from a lambda gt11 cDNA library prepared fro...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.23.9081
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aphids maintain mutualistic symbioses involving consortia of coinherited organisms. All possess a primary endosymbiont, Buchnera, which compensates for dietary deficiencies; many also contain secondary symbionts, such as Hamiltonella defensa, which confers defense against natural enemies. Genome sequences of uncultiva...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0507029102
更新日期:2005-11-22 00:00:00
abstract::Before they even speak, infants become attuned to the sounds of the language(s) they hear, processing native phonetic contrasts more easily than nonnative ones. For example, between 6 to 8 mo and 10 to 12 mo, infants learning American English get better at distinguishing English and [l], as in "rock" vs. "lock," relat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2001844118
更新日期:2021-02-09 00:00:00
abstract::The liver is a central organ for the synthesis and storage of nutrients, production of serum proteins and hormones, and breakdown of toxins and metabolites. Because the liver is susceptible to toxin- or pathogen-mediated injury, it maintains a remarkable capacity to regenerate by compensatory growth. Specifically, in ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1304046110
更新日期:2013-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::CCAAT enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBPalpha) functions as a pleiotropic transcriptional activator of adipocyte genes during adipogenesis. Nuclear factor C/EBP undifferentiated protein (CUP), an isoform of activator protein-2alpha (AP-2alpha), binds to repressive elements in the C/EBPalpha gene promoter, silencing...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.220426097
更新日期:2000-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::The localization of calmodulin, a calcium-dependent modulator of many enzymes, was studied in rat liver, skeletal muscle, and adrenal slices. Calmodulin is found in liver cytoplasm, nucleus, and plasma membrane. Much of the cytoplasmic calmodulin is associated with glycogen particles presumably bound to enzymes involv...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.1.366
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Etioplasts isolated from barley leaves and purified on a Sephadex G-50 (coarse) column were characterized by electron microscopy and nucleic acid analysis. The majority of etioplasts retained an intact outer envelope, and contamination by other fragments was extremely low. The level of gibberellin-like substances extr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.1.138
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metazoan arrestins bind to seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptors to regulate function. Aspergillus nidulans PalF, a protein involved in the fungal ambient pH signaling pathway, contains arrestin N-terminal and C-terminal domains and binds strongly to two different regions within the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of the 7T...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0504776102
更新日期:2005-08-23 00:00:00
abstract::Heterotrimeric G proteins relay extracellular cues from heptahelical transmembrane receptors to downstream effector molecules. Composed of an alpha subunit with intrinsic GTPase activity and a betagamma heterodimer, the trimeric complex dissociates upon receptor-mediated nucleotide exchange on the alpha subunit, enabl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0801569105
更新日期:2008-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::In adult skeletal muscles, 2 junctophilin isoforms (JPH1 and JPH2) tether the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) to transverse tubule (T-tubule) membranes, generating stable membrane contact sites known as triads. JPHs are anchored to the membrane of the SR by a C-terminal transmembrane domain (TMD) and bind the T-tubule mem...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1820980116
更新日期:2019-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin (Ia) mono-ADP ribosylates Arg177 of actin, leading to cytoskeletal disorganization and cell death. To fully understand the reaction mechanism of arginine-specific mono-ADP ribosyl transferase, the structure of the toxin-substrate protein complex must be characterized. Recently, we so...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1217227110
更新日期:2013-03-12 00:00:00
abstract::The mRNA for organic anion transport protein (oatp) was previously shown to be present in abundance in liver and kidney, and in small amounts in brain. Data obtained from experiments with reverse transcriptase-PCR techniques and in situ hybridization analysis showed that the oatp mRNA is present within the brain, loca...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.1.283
更新日期:1997-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::A single, modified nucleoside in Escherichia coli tRNA, 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)-2-methyl-thio-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine, has been desulfurized with Raney nickel to afford its probable biosynthetic precursor. The limitations of the reaction at the nucleoside and tRNA levels and its lack of inhibition of the amin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.68.1.48
更新日期:1971-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypophosphatasia is an inherited disorder characterized by defective bone mineralization and a deficiency of serum and tissue liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase (L/B/K ALP) activity. Clinical severity is variable, ranging from death in utero (due to severe rickets) to pathologic fractures first presenting in adult...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.20.7666
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the human, cone photoreceptors (L, M, and S) and the melanopsin-containing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are active at daytime light intensities. Signals from cones are combined both additively and in opposition to create the perception of overall light and color. Similar mechanisms ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1400942111
更新日期:2014-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::Combined effects of two drugs present simultaneously are usually expressed as summation, synergism or potentiation, and antagonism. When the sum of the effects of each drug present separately equals the combined effect of the two drugs present simultaneously, the action is called additive or summation. However, the ex...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.6.1868
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of language familiarity upon speaker identification is well established, to such an extent that it has been argued that "Human voice recognition depends on language ability" [Perrachione TK, Del Tufo SN, Gabrieli JDE (2011) Science 333(6042):595]. However, 7-mo-old infants discriminate speakers of their ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1401383111
更新日期:2014-09-23 00:00:00
abstract::Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major human pathogen that successfully adapts to the host environment via an efficient uptake system for free DNA liberated from other organisms in the upper respiratory tract, facilitating immune evasion and drug resistance. Although the initial signaling events leading to pneumococcal c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1313860111
更新日期:2014-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::The tumor suppressor activity of p53 is regulated by interactions with the ubiquitin ligase HDM2 and the general transcriptional coactivators CBP and p300. Using NMR spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry, we have dissected the binding interactions between the N-terminal transactivation domain (TAD) of p53,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0811023106
更新日期:2009-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::Construction of deletion derivative plasmids and cloning of restriction fragments from plasmids containing the Salmonella typhimurium origin of replication (ori) were used to locate the functional origin to within a DNA fragment of 296 base pairs between the genes uncB and asn. The nucleotide sequence of the S. typhim...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.5.2460
更新日期:1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expansins are unusual proteins discovered by virtue of their ability to mediate cell wall extension in plants. We identified cDNA clones for two cucumber expansins on the basis of peptide sequences of proteins purified from cucumber hypocotyls. The expansin cDNAs encode related proteins with signal peptides predicted ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.20.9245
更新日期:1995-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::A dinuclear nickel complex with methyl and thiolate ligands, Ni(dadt(Et))Ni(Me)(SDmp) (2), has been synthesized as a dinuclear Ni(d)-Ni(p)-site model of acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS) (dadt(Et) is N,N'-diethyl-3,7-diazanonane-1,9-dithiolate; Dmp is 2,6-dimesitylphenyl). Complex 2 was prepared via 2 methods: (i) ligand subs...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0900433106
更新日期:2009-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is a degenerative cartilage condition shown in some cases to be caused by mutations in genes encoding cartilage oligomeric matrix protein or type IX collagen. We studied a family with autosomal dominant MED affecting predominantly the knee joints and a mild proximal myopathy. Geneti...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.3.1212
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Escherichia coli gene encoding protein n' has been isolated and named priA for primosomal protein A. Protein n' is absolutely required for the conversion of single-stranded phi X174 DNA to the duplex replicative form in an in vitro-reconstituted system. The gene maps to 88.7 minutes on the chromosome adjacent to t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4620
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00