Abstract:
:Illumination of a system consisting of a vertical tube containing an unstirred homogeneous suspension of thylakoids in an imposed linear concentration gradient of an electron acceptor, 2,6-dichloroindophenol, gave rise to a one-dimensional banded pattern of the acceptor that evolved in a time-dependent manner. The spatial pattern was obtained only within certain parameters of the dichloroindophenol gradient and with certain concentrations of thylakoids. Various numbers of bands were obtained by varying the gradient parameters, the thylakoid concentration, or both. Pattern formation was reaction-dependent since inhibition of the water-splitting system, either by a physical (heating) or by a chemical (methylamine) method, resulted in abolition of the spatial periodicity. Obtaining the self-organized redox transition of dichloroindophenol in a gelled medium suggests that pattern formation in this system could be explained mainly by a reaction-diffusion mechanism.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Aon M,Thomas D,Hervagault JFdoi
10.1073/pnas.86.2.516subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-01-01 00:00:00pages
516-9issue
2eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
86pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The non-long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon, R2, encodes a sequence-specific endonuclease responsible for its insertion at a unique site in the 28S rRNA genes of arthropods. Although most non-LTR retrotransposons encode an apurinic-like endonuclease upstream of a common reverse transcriptase domain, R2 and many...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.14.7847
更新日期:1999-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::Two prominent timekeeping systems, the cell cycle, which controls cell division, and the circadian system, which controls 24-h rhythms of physiology and behavior, are found in nearly all living organisms. A distinct feature of circadian rhythms is that they are temperature-compensated such that the period of the rhyth...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0914078107
更新日期:2010-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of perception usually emphasize processes that are largely universal across observers and--except for short-term fluctuations--stationary over time. Here we test the universality and stationarity assumptions with two families of ambiguous visual stimuli. Each stimulus can be perceived in two different ways, pa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1073/pnas.1508847112
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have identified lipid-poor high density lipoproteins with electrophoretic pre-beta mobility as the initial acceptors of cell-derived cholesterol in human plasma. These lipoproteins contain apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) as their sole apolipoprotein. In the present study, incubation of human plasma with ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.5.1834
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A model of the photochemical apparatus of photosynthesis, presented previously in a tripartite format, is used in a bipartite format to analyze energy transfer between photosystem II units. The model is used to develop analytical expressions for the photochemical properties of chloroplasts that include a term for the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.8.4697
更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several hypolipidemic drugs and certain industrial plasticizers induce proliferation of peroxisomes, enhance the activity of peroxisome-associated beta-oxidation of fatty acids, and produce hepatocellular carcinomas in the livers of rodents. Because these chemicals themselves are not mutagens and do not covalently mod...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.24.7827
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methane emissions due to accidents in the oil and natural gas sector are very challenging to monitor, and hence are seldom considered in emission inventories and reporting. One of the main reasons is the lack of measurements during such events. Here we report the detection of large methane emissions from a gas well bl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1908712116
更新日期:2019-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::This presentation reviews Chandra's major contribution to the understanding of nearby galaxies. After a brief summary on significant advances in characterizing various types of discrete x-ray sources, the presentation focuses on the global hot gas in and around galaxies, especially normal ones like our own. The hot ga...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0914255107
更新日期:2010-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in the human parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism, a heritable form of Parkinson's disease (PD). To determine whether mutations in the mouse parkin gene (Park2) also result in a parkinsonian phenotype, we generated mice with a targeted deletion of parkin exon 2. Using an extensive beha...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2005-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::A major challenge in interpreting genome sequences is understanding how the genome encodes the information that specifies when and where a gene will be expressed. The first step in this process is the identification of regions of the genome that contain regulatory information. In higher eukaryotes, this cis-regulatory...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2002-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Ca(2+) influx through L-type Ca(2+) channels (LTCCs) influences numerous physiological processes ranging from contraction in muscle and memory in neurons to gene expression in many cell types. However, the spatiotemporal organization of functional LTCCs has been nearly impossible to investigate because of methodologic...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0500360102
更新日期:2005-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::The integrity of the endothelial barrier between circulating blood and tissue is important for blood vessel function and, ultimately, for organ homeostasis. Here, we developed a vessel-on-a-chip with perfused endothelialized channels lined with human bone marrow stromal cells, which adopt a mural cell-like phenotype t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1618333114
更新日期:2017-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The computation of motion plays a central role in visual orientation. The fly has been successfully used as a model system for analyzing the mechanisms underlying motion detection. Thereby, much attention has been paid to a neuronal circuit of individually identifiable neurons in the third visual ganglion that extract...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.9.4139
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A soluble 27-kDa protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae specifically prevents the inactivation of various enzymes caused by a nonenzymatic Fe3+/O2/thiol mixed-function oxidation system but not by mixed-function oxidation systems in which the thiol component is replaced by another electron donor-e.g., ascorbate. In this...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.16.6018
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The quaternary structure of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (5-aminolaevulinate hydrolyase, EC 4.2.1.24) from bovine liver was examined by analytical ultracentrifugation, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and electron microscopy. The molecular weights, determined by sedimentation-velocity and sedimentation-equ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.5.1767
更新日期:1974-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dopamine is believed to contribute to the degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons in the brain. However, whether dopamine affects the survival of other neuronal populations has remained unclear. Here we document that mice with persistently elevated extracellular dopamine, resulting from inactivation of the dopamin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1831768100
更新日期:2003-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::Among the variety of specialized intercellular junctions, those of the adherens type have the most obvious association with cytoskeletal elements. This may be with the actin microfilament system as in the zonula adherens or with intermediate filaments as in the macula adherens, or desmosome. In the former case, it is ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.11.4796
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Venom peptide toxins such as conotoxins play a critical role in the characterization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) structure and function and have potential as nervous system therapeutics as well. However, the lack of solved structures of conotoxins bound to nAChRs and the large size of these peptides ar...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-09-19 00:00:00
abstract::Positive allosteric modulation of the mu-opioid receptor (MOPr), the site of action of all clinically used opioids, represents a potential approach for the management of pain. We recently reported on positive allosteric modulators of MOPr (mu-PAMs), a class A G protein coupled receptor (GPCR). This study was designed ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Recent scholarship suggests that the genomes of those around us affect our own phenotypes. Much of the empirical evidence for such "metagenomic" effects comes from animal studies, where the socio-genetic environment can be easily manipulated. Among humans, it is more difficult to identify such effects given the nonran...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-08-13 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1801002115
更新日期:2018-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Transcriptional repressors can be classified as short- or long-range, according to their range of activity. Functional analysis of identified short-range repressors has been carried out largely in transgenic Drosophila, but it is not known whether general properties of short-range repressors are evident in other types...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.231394998
更新日期:2001-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::Tail-anchored (TA) membrane proteins are involved in a variety of important cellular functions, including membrane fusion, protein translocation, and apoptosis. The ATPase Get3 (Asna1, TRC40) was identified recently as the endoplasmic reticulum targeting factor of TA proteins. Get3 consists of an ATPase and alpha-heli...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0910223106
更新日期:2009-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::We study the electrophoretic transport of single-stranded RNA molecules through 1.5-nm-wide pores of carbon nanotube membranes by molecular dynamics simulations. From approximately 170 individual RNA translocation events analyzed at full atomic resolution of solvent, membrane, and RNA, we identify key factors in membr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0402699101
更新日期:2004-08-17 00:00:00
abstract::The gene encoding the glycolytic enzyme triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI; EC 5.3.1.1) has been central to the long-standing controversy on the origin and evolutionary significance of spliceosomal introns by virtue of its pivotal support for the introns-early view, or exon theory of genes. Putative correlations between ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.18.8507
更新日期:1995-08-29 00:00:00
abstract::Cleavage of the group-specific antigen (Gag) polyprotein by HIV-1 protease represents the critical first step in the conversion of immature noninfectious viral particles to mature infectious virions. Selective pressure exerted by HIV-1 protease inhibitors, a mainstay of current anti-HIV-1 therapies, results in the acc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most homeobox genes belonging to the Hox family are sequentially activated in embryonal carcinoma cells upon treatment with retinoic acid. Genes located at the 3' end of each one of the four Hox clusters are activated first, whereas upstream Hox genes are activated progressively later. This activation has been extensi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.12.5335
更新日期:1994-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::Normal mammary epithelial cells from BALB/cfC3H midpregnant mice were freed from stromal cell types by Percoll density gradient centrifugation after collagenase digestion and were then embedded within collagen gels. Sustained growth leading to an increase in cell number was accomplished in response to cholera toxin an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.4.2088
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The family of WD40-repeat (WDR) proteins is one of the largest in eukaryotes, but little is known about their function in brain development. Among 26 WDR genes assessed, we found 7 displaying a major impact in neuronal morphology when inactivated in mice. Remarkably, all seven genes showed corpus callosum defects, inc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::MAP kinase-interacting kinase 1 and 2 (Mnk1 and Mnk2) are protein-serine/threonine kinases that are activated by ERK or p38 and phosphorylate eIF4E, which is involved in cap-dependent translation initiation. However, Mnk1/2 double knockout (Mnk-DKO) mice show normal cell growth and development despite an absence of eI...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1008136107
更新日期:2010-08-10 00:00:00