X-raying galaxies: a Chandra legacy.

abstract：:The mechanisms regulating clonal expansion and contraction of T cells in response to immunization remain to be identified. A recent study established that there was a log-linear relation between CD4 T-cell precursor number (PN) and factor of expansion (FE), with a slope of ∼-0.5 over a range of 3-30,000 precursors per...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bocharov G,Quiel J,Luzyanina T,Alon H,Chiglintsev E,Chereshnev V,Meier-Schellersheim M,Paul WE,Grossman Z

更新日期：2011-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibition of human purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) stops growth of activated T-cells and the formation of 6-oxypurine bases, making it a target for leukemia, autoimmune disorders, and gout. Four generations of ribocation transition-state mimics bound to PNP are structurally characterized. Immucillin-H (K*i(1/4)...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ho MC,Shi W,Rinaldo-Matthis A,Tyler PC,Evans GB,Clinch K,Almo SC,Schramm VL

更新日期：2010-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:GB virus B (GBV-B), which infects tamarins, is the virus most closely related to hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV has a protein (p7) that is believed to form an ion channel. It is critical for viability. In vitro studies suggest that GBV-B has an analogous but larger protein (p13). We found that substitutions of the -1 an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Takikawa S,Engle RE,Emerson SU,Purcell RH,St Claire M,Bukh J

更新日期：2006-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Genes encoding thymidylate synthetase from Bacillus subtilis bacteriophages were cloned in Escherichia coli. Chimeric plasmids pCD1 and pCD3 were constructed from site-specific endonuclease digests of bacteriophage phi3T DNA cloned in pMB9 in E. coli. Similar cloning techniques with bacteriophage beta22 DNA yielded ch...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duncan CH,Wilson GA,Young FE

更新日期：1978-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe two collaborations in which psychologists and economists provided essential support on foundational projects in major research programs. One project involved eliciting adolescents' expectations regarding significant future life events affecting their psychological and economic development. The second proje...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bruine de Bruin W,Fischhoff B

更新日期：2017-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated the interaction of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) with cultured primary granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, a suspected natural site of viral latency, and have established conditions for latent infection and reactivation in this cell population. Progenitor cells from human fetal liver or bone marrow ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kondo K,Kaneshima H,Mocarski ES

更新日期：1994-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver are components of the metabolic syndrome, a disease complex that is increasing at epidemic rates in westernized countries. Although proinflammatory cytokines have been suggested to contribute to the development of these disorders, the mo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ueki K,Kondo T,Tseng YH,Kahn CR

更新日期：2004-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular mechanism of tolerance to opiate drugs is poorly understood. We have used single-channel patch-clamp recordings to study opiate receptor effects on dissociated neurons from rat amygdala, a limbic region implicated in addiction processes. A 130-pS inwardly rectifying K(+)-preferring cation channel was act...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen X,Marrero HG,Murphy R,Lin YJ,Freedman JE

更新日期：2000-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The protein products of T4 bacteriophage genes 41, 43, 45, 44, and 62 have been purified to near homogeneity using an assay which measures their stimulation of DNA synthesis in a crude lysate of Escherichia coli cells in fected by an appropriate mutant phage. When all of these proteins and T4 gene 32 protein are incub...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morris CF,Sinha NK,Alberts BM

更新日期：1975-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In epidemiological studies, both positive and negative correlations have been found between cardiovascular disease and mortality and the presence of several inorganic ions in the drinking water. In an attempt to resolve this apparent disagreement, we exposed White Carneau pigeons to drinking water containing calcium (...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Revis NW,Zinsmeister AR,Bull R

更新日期：1981-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Humans assess the credibility of information gained from others on a daily basis; this ongoing assessment is especially crucial for avoiding exploitation by others. We used a repeated, two-person bargaining game and a cognitive hierarchy model to test how subjects judge the information sent asymmetrically from one pla...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bhatt MA,Lohrenz T,Camerer CF,Montague PR

更新日期：2012-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling regulates glucose homeostasis through the production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). The dual-specificity phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) blocks PI3K signaling by dephosphorylating PIP3, and is inhibited...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hodakoski C,Hopkins BD,Barrows D,Mense SM,Keniry M,Anderson KE,Kern PA,Hawkins PT,Stephens LR,Parsons R

更新日期：2014-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The self-association of gene-32 protein has been studied by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, in order to better understand its role in DNA replication and genetic recombination. The monomer molecular weight of gene-32 protein is 38,000 in guanidine hydrochloride and 34,0...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Carroll RB,Neet KE,Goldthwait DA

更新日期：1972-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Global climate change is expected to have broad ecological consequences for species and communities. Attempts to forecast these consequences usually assume that changes in air or water temperature will translate into equivalent changes in a species' organismal body temperature. This simple change is unlikely because a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gilman SE,Wethey DS,Helmuth B

更新日期：2006-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:We used integrin alphaLbeta2 heterodimers containing I domains locked open (active) or closed (inactive) with disulfide bonds to investigate regulatory interactions among domains in integrins. mAbs to the alphaL I domain and beta2 I-like domain inhibit adhesion of wild-type alphaLbeta2 to intercellular adhesion molecu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lu C,Shimaoka M,Zang Q,Takagi J,Springer TA

更新日期：2001-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses have been implicated in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is a neurotropic virus that has been associated with a wide variety of neurologic disorders, including encephalitis, mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, and mu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harberts E,Yao K,Wohler JE,Maric D,Ohayon J,Henkin R,Jacobson S

更新日期：2011-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study examined the social skills of previously institutionalized, 8-y-old Romanian children from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project and the influence of attachment security and brain electrical activity (alpha power) on these skills. Participants included children randomized to an intervention involv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Almas AN,Degnan KA,Radulescu A,Nelson CA 3rd,Zeanah CH,Fox NA

更新日期：2012-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Variants of A/PR/8/34 (HON1) influenza virus, having hemagglutinin molecules with probably a single altered antigenic determinant, were isolated by growing the virus in the presence of the monoclonal hybridoma antibody PEG-1. The variants were analyzed by peptide mapping and characterized antigenically by using PEG-1 ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Laver WG,Gerhard W,Webster RG,Frankel ME,Air GM

更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CR1 is a short interspersed repetitive DNA element originally identified in the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus). However, unlike virtually all other such sequences described to date, CR1 is not confined to one or a few closely related species. It is probably a ubiquitous component of the avian genome, having been det...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen ZQ,Ritzel RG,Lin CC,Hodgetts RB

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We evaluated the formation and removal of (+-)-3 alpha,4 beta-dihydroxy-1 alpha,2 alpha-epoxy-1,2,3,4- tetrahydrobenzo[c]phenanthrene (BcPHDE)-DNA adducts in two Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. One line of repair-proficient cells (MK42) carries a stable 150-fold amplification of the dihydrofolate reductase (DH...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Carothers AM,Zhen W,Mucha J,Zhang YJ,Santella RM,Grunberger D,Bohr VA

更新日期：1992-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We present here direct evidence for the preservation of a transcriptional initiation sequence in a eukaryotic rRNA precursor: the 5'-end group for precursor to 17S rRNA (p17S RNA) from Dictyostelium discoideum is identified as the triphosphate residue pppA-. We also show that mature 5S RNA form Dictyostelium bears a d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Batts-Young B,Lodish HF

更新日期：1978-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The results of normal-mode analyses are in accord with the proposal that a low-frequency motion of the HhaI methyltransferase enzyme is responsible for base flipping in bound DNA. The vectors of the low-frequency normal mode of residues Ser-85 and Ile-86 point directly to the phosphate and ribose moieties of the DNA b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Luo J,Bruice TC

更新日期：2005-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Most, if not all, peptide- and protein-based hydrogels formed by self-assembly can be characterized as kinetically trapped 3D networks of fibrils. The propensity of disease-associated amyloid-forming peptides and proteins to assemble into polymorphic fibrils suggests that cross-β fibrils comprising hydrogels may also ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nagy-Smith K,Moore E,Schneider J,Tycko R

更新日期：2015-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Morphological studies have provided ample evidence for synaptic connections between cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs), but the functional properties of these synapses remain elusive. We report on direct recordings of synaptically connected PCs in mice cerebellar slices. In PCs filled with a fluorescent dye to aid axon v...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Orduz D,Llano I

更新日期：2007-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell aggregates are a tool for in vitro studies of morphogenesis, cancer invasion, and tissue engineering. They respond to mechanical forces as a complex rather than simple liquid. To change an aggregate's shape, cells have to overcome energy barriers. If cell shape fluctuations are active enough, the aggregate sponta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marmottant P,Mgharbel A,Käfer J,Audren B,Rieu JP,Vial JC,van der Sanden B,Marée AF,Graner F,Delanoë-Ayari H

更新日期：2009-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The early steps in the biosynthesis of Taxol involve the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene followed by cytochrome P450-mediated hydroxylation at C5, acetylation of this intermediate, and a second cytochrome P450-dependent hydroxylation at C10 to yield taxadien-5 alpha-acetoxy-10 beta-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schoendorf A,Rithner CD,Williams RM,Croteau RB

更新日期：2001-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Nuclear bodies are RNA and protein-rich, membraneless organelles that play important roles in gene regulation. The largest and most well-known nuclear body is the nucleolus, an organelle whose primary function in ribosome biogenesis makes it key for cell growth and size homeostasis. The nucleolus and other nuclear bod...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Berry J,Weber SC,Vaidya N,Haataja M,Brangwynne CP

更新日期：2015-09-22 00:00:00

abstract：:We developed a "continual engagement" model to better integrate knowledge from policy makers, communities, and researchers with the goal of promoting more effective action to balance poverty alleviation and wildlife conservation in 4 pastoral ecosystems of East Africa. The model involved the creation of a core boundar...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reid RS,Nkedianye D,Said MY,Kaelo D,Neselle M,Makui O,Onetu L,Kiruswa S,Kamuaro NO,Kristjanson P,Ogutu J,BurnSilver SB,Goldman MJ,Boone RB,Galvin KA,Dickson NM,Clark WC

更新日期：2016-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Bone is a favorable microenvironment for tumor growth and a frequent destination for metastatic cancer cells. Targeting cancers within the bone marrow remains a crucial oncologic challenge due to issues of drug availability and microenvironment-induced resistance. Herein, we engineered bone-homing polymeric nanopartic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Swami A,Reagan MR,Basto P,Mishima Y,Kamaly N,Glavey S,Zhang S,Moschetta M,Seevaratnam D,Zhang Y,Liu J,Memarzadeh M,Wu J,Manier S,Shi J,Bertrand N,Lu ZN,Nagano K,Baron R,Sacco A,Roccaro AM,Farokhzad OC,Ghobrial

更新日期：2014-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:P450c17 is the single enzyme mediating both 17 alpha-hydroxylase (steroid 17 alpha-monooxygenase, EC 1.14.99.9) and 17,20 lyase activities in the synthesis of steroid hormones. It has been suggested that different P450c17 isozymes mediate these activities in the adrenal gland and testis. We sequenced 423 of the 509 am...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chung BC,Picado-Leonard J,Haniu M,Bienkowski M,Hall PF,Shively JE,Miller WL

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00