Abstract:
:This article reviews the regulatory, social, policy, and other issues that will shape the development of pharmacogenomics applications. We identify and analyze 19 key public policy issues, ranging from the economic incentives for linked diagnostic-drug development, to the regulation of tests and drugs, and to privacy and informed consent. Challenging technical, business, and policy-related issues might either hinder progress in the field of pharmacogenomics or potentially accelerate it, depending on how they are addressed and resolved. How well the numerous important stakeholders - both private and public - address these issues will be critical for pharmacogenomics to deliver on its promise.
journal_name
Drug Metab Revjournal_title
Drug metabolism reviewsauthors
Garrison LP Jr,Carlson RJ,Carlson JJ,Kuszler PC,Meckley LM,Veenstra DLdoi
10.1080/03602530801952500subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-01-01 00:00:00pages
377-401issue
2eissn
0360-2532issn
1097-9883pii
792810006journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Monkeys, especially macaques, including cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), are frequently used in drug metabolism studies due to their evolutionary closeness to humans. Recently, numerous cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) cDNAs have been identified and characterized in cynomolgus and rhe...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2010.549492
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::By inhibiting ACE, captopril blocks the conversion of AI or AII and augments the effects of bradykinin both in vitro and in vivo. In rats, dogs, and monkeys with 2-kidney renal hypertension, orally administered captopril rapidly and markedly reduces blood pressure; this antihypertensive effect apparently occurs via a ...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602538409041080
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during cardiac surgery, there are well-documented changes in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of commonly administered drugs. Although multiple factors potentially underpin these changes, there has been scant research attention on the impact of CPB to alter the activities ...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2017.1417423
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of medical use in China and is still used worldwide. Unexpected herb-drug interactions (HDIs) may lead to adverse drug reactions or loss of therapeutic efficacy of the victim drug. Here, based on searches of Medline, EBSCO, Science Direct and Web of Science using v...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2015.1124888
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive active/androstane receptor (CAR), members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, are two major xeno-sensing transcription factors. They can be activated by a broad range of lipophilic xenobiotics including therapeutics drugs. In addition to xenobiotics, endogenous compounds suc...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2013.835630
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The body is considered as a system composed of a number of subsystems. The response(s) of a drug is a complicated function of the concentration in the blood plasma, which in turn is some function of the dosage input. The dose-response curve of a drug in a subsystem (e.g., isolated organ) is, over a limited concentrati...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602538409015072
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dehydroepiandrosterone has been thought to have physiological functions other than as an androgen precursor. The previous studies performed have demonstrated a number of biological effects in rodents, such as amelioration of disease in diabetic, chemical carcinogenesis, and obesity models. To date, activation of the p...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602530600569877
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Historically, failure rates in drug development are high; increased sophistication and investment throughout the process has shifted the reasons for attrition, but the overall success rates have remained stubbornly and consistently low. Only 8% of new entities entering clinical testing gain regulatory approval, indica...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2020.1726944
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy of drugs has to be demonstrated following the principal approach of statistical evaluation in controlled clinical trials. This scientifically and internationally accepted numerical approach has developed over the years to its importance, in contrast to the more pharmacologically attempt to extrapolate hum...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1081/dmr-200033500
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent progresses in molecular biology and pharmacology approaches allowed the characterization of a series of nuclear receptors (NRs) as efficient regulators of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) genes activity. These regulatory processes ensure an optimized UGT expression in response to specific e...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2012.751992
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ronald Estabrook made his initial impact studying cytochrome P450 by demonstrating the oxidative metabolism function of this unique class of enzymes, which had an unusual spectral peak at 450 nm when reduced and in the presence of carbon monoxide. Utilizing a photochemical action spectrum, he demonstrated that a cytoc...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/03602530701468318
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psilocybin and psilocin are controlled substances in many countries. These are the two main hallucinogenic compounds of the "magic mushrooms" and both act as agonists or partial agonists at 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A subtype receptors. During the last few years, psilocybin and psilocin have gained therapeutic releva...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2016.1278228
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this case study, in vitro and in vivo data were provided for saquinavir (SQV) showing that drug transporters play a significant role in the absorption and disposition of drugs. This article is focused on the more practical points with a technical emphasis. Currently many in vitro and in vivo experimental models hav...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1081/dmr-120037570
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base (PharmGKB: http://www.pharmgkb.org) is devoted to disseminating primary data and knowledge in pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics. We are annotating the genes that are most important for drug response and present this information in the form of Very Important ...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/03602530802413338
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bioconjugation of therapeutic agents has been used as a selective drug delivery platform for many therapeutic areas. Bioconjugates are prepared by the covalent linkage of active compounds (small or large molecule) to a carrier molecule (lipids, proteins, peptides, carbohydrates, and polymers) through a chemical linker...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2020.1716784
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperbilirubinemia may accompany harmful effects such as jaundice, brain dysfunction, and pharmacokinetic alterations of drugs. Clinical drugs are the important causes of hyperbilirubinemia, especially for patients with certain pathologic conditions or with genetic variations. This article reviews hyperbilirubinemic p...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602530802341133
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Like any other drugs, antiallergic medications can be associated with large inter- and intraindividual variability in their disposition. The best-documented examples belong to the H1 antihistamines. Variable drugs are more likely to show unpredictable therapeutic response with both increased risks of side effects and ...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10837450902891485
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An association between marijuana use and schizophrenia has been noted for decades, and the recent emergence of high-efficacy synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) as drugs of abuse has lead to a growing number of clinical reports of persistent psychotic effects in users of these substances. The mechanisms underlying SCB-elici...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2018.1428343
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of therapeutic drugs with different structures and mechanisms of action have been reported to undergo metabolic activation by Phase I or Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes. The bioactivation gives rise to reactive metabolites/intermediates, which readily confer covalent binding to various target proteins by n...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1081/dmr-200028812
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The metabolic activity of the gastrointestinal microflora can be modified by numerous factors derived from the host, the host's environment, and the flora itself. 2. Marked differences exist in microbial composition and metabolism of the gut floras of different species of animal, and in the degree of colonization o...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602538808994135
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatotoxicity is a serious problem during drug development and for the use of many established drugs. For example, acetaminophen overdose is currently the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in the United States and Great Britain. Evaluation of the mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury indicates that mitocho...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2011.602688
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to evaluate diazepam and oxazepam as cytochrome P450 inducers at doses previously shown to cause liver tumors in mice but not rats. In rats, diazepam and oxazepam induced CYP2B, and were as effective as phenobarbital despite lacking phenobarbital's tumor-promoting effect in rats. In mice, dia...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/03602530600570081
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herbert Remmer was a pioneer in the study of the phenomenon of enzyme induction. He was also a leading figure, if not the foremost, in the development of the discipline of toxicology in Germany during his tenure as Professor of Toxicology at the University of Tübingen. Included here are some brief thoughts about where...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1081/dmr-200033409
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 is one of the most important enzymes involved in the metabolism of drugs. Multiple, clinically relevant, genetic variants of this gene have been identified and, among them, a gene deletion as well as multiplications of the gene. These large structural mutations in CYP2D6 occur at a relatively...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602530600952206
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adverse pharmacokinetic interactions between illicit substances and clinical drugs are of a significant health concern. Illicit substances are taken by healthy individuals as well as by patients with medical conditions such as mental illnesses, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, diabetes mellitus and cancer. Many ind...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602532.2019.1697283
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP) is one member of the family of GSTs and is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues. The literature is replete with reports of high levels of GSTP linked either with cancer incidence or drug resistance, and yet no entirely cogent explanation for these correlations exists. The catal...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602532.2011.552912
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) is a material with multiple uses due to its biocompatibility and its resemblance to the nonorganic bone structure. It is used in various dental domains such as implantology, surgery, periodontology, esthetics and prevention. The aim of this study is to provide a wide understanding of nano...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/03602532.2020.1758713
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemicals that cause toxicity though a direct mechanism, such as acetaminophen, covalently bind to a select group of proteins prior to the development of toxicity, and these proteins may be important in the initiation of the events that lead to the hepatotoxicity. Disruption of the cell is measured by release of intra...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03602539709037572
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, we evaluate methodologies and null mouse models used to study drug transporter function in vitro and in vivo. P-glycoprotein and MRP null mice have been used to examine many aspects of xenobiotic distribution and bioavailability. Their advantage over conventional models is that they allow the exclusion ...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602530802605040
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much is known about the distal DNA damage repair response. In particular, many of the enzymes and auxiliary proteins that participate in DNA repair have been characterized. In addition, knowledge of signaling pathways activated in response to DNA damage is increasing. In contrast, comparatively less is known of DNA da...
journal_title:Drug metabolism reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03602530600959649
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00