Abstract：
:The startle reaction (SR) is usually understood as an involuntary reaction to an unexpected sensory input. However, there is evidence that the mechanisms involved in the SR contribute also to the execution of actions that we consider voluntary. We need to exert a fine control of the motor output, which usually involves inhibition of the reflex reaction but it may also imply letting the SR manifest, shaped in accordance with our willed actions. The latter occurs mainly with relatively simple ballistic movements but it has also been shown to occur in complex movements. In this review, we describe arguments published in the literature in favour of the contribution of subcortical motor tracts involved in the generation of the SR to the execution of voluntary movements. Some of these studies have brought insight on the mechanisms accounting for motor preparation and execution of voluntary movements.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Valls-Solé J,Kumru H,Kofler Mdoi
10.1007/s00221-008-1402-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-06-01 00:00:00pages
497-507issue
4eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
187pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Motor control tasks like stance or object handling require sensory feedback from proprioception, vision and touch. The distinction between tactile and proprioceptive sensors is not frequently made in dynamic motor control tasks, and if so, mostly based on signal latency. We previously found that force control tasks en...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3341-z
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eight rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were trained to detect an instantaneous lateral displacement of a small spot of light. The smallest movement for 79% correct performance was then determined. Severing the splenium of the corpus callosum, which has to be done to reveal the superior colliculi, had no effect on the m...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237444
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this work a statistical study is made of the final outcome of the quantification of the nerve cell labelling in the adult, after prenatal injection of tritiated thymidine. This outcome is presented in the form of histograms which are the superposition of elementary Poisson distributions. A theoretical model, based...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00235410
更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of non-progressive developmental movement disorders inducing a strong brain reorganization in primary and secondary motor areas. Nevertheless, few studies have been dedicated to quantify brain pattern changes and correlate them with motor characteristics in CP children. In this context, ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-017-5149-3
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The extent and strength of long-distance coupling between locomotor networks in the rostral and caudal spinal cord of larval lamprey were examined with in vitro brain/spinal cord preparations, in which spinal locomotor activity was initiated by chemical microstimulation in the brain, as well as with computer modeling....
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050719
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objectives of this study were to determine whether changes in electromyographic (EMG) responses observed during prolonged intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) were due to local plasticity of the motor system or to global changes in the preparation. Local effects would be expressed as changes only along the activa...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00242909
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated a double-label 2-DG protocol and method of analysis in which sequential injections of 3H- and 14C-2-DG were used to map brain metabolism during two distinct experimental treatments in the same animal. In initial studies, brain sections from rats given only 3H-2-DG or only 14C-2-DG were exposed on Ultro...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00270687
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-013-3643-9
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cerebral response evoked by stimulation of the bulbar pyramidal tract in wood rats, like that of laboratory rats, consisted of a small alpha wave, almost obscured by a very large, superimposed r wave. The alpha wave behaved like a purely antidromic response, whereas the r wave behaved like a postsynaptic response,...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228700
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have monitored extracellularly individual neurons in the striate cortex of 4-week-old unparalyzed kittens with the aim of changing the ocular dominance of these cells during recording. To do this, we elicited conjugate eye movements using a bipolar stimulating electrode positioned in the internal medullary lamina (...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236575
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The memory for the final position of a moving object which suddenly disappears has been found to be displaced forward, in the direction of motion, and downwards, in the direction of gravity. These phenomena were coined, respectively, Representational Momentum and Representational Gravity. Although both these and simil...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-016-4654-0
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adaptation and habituation characteristics produced by the repeated presentation of a moving visual stimulus were studied in single cells in the pigeon's optic tectum. Units located near the surface in the stratum opticum showed little adaptation. However, cells located in deeper layers exhibited varying rates and...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00235509
更新日期：1977-03-30 00:00:00
abstract：:A recent study from this laboratory has shown that brief transient ischemia (2 min 30 s) in normo- and hyperglycemic rats leads to moderate neuronal necrosis in CA1 cells of the hippocampus, of equal density in the two groups. However, hyperglycemic animals failed to depolarize during the ischemia, nor did they show a...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00005622
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to further our understanding of action-blindsight, four hemianopic patients suffering from visual field loss contralateral to a unilateral occipital lesion were compared to six healthy controls during a double task of verbally reported target detection and saccadic responses toward the target. Three oculomoto...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-013-3803-y
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, we investigated topographical differences between monocularly and binocularly evoked potential fields related to the retinal location and spatial frequency of grating stimuli. Electrical brain activity was recorded in 18 healthy adults using an array of 21 electrodes over the occipital areas. Ver...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00229366
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We recorded from 389 "reach" neurons (two monkeys) in the superior colliculus (SC) and underlying reticular formation (RF) or adjacent periaqueductal grey, whose activity was related to visually guided arm movements. Reach neurons were present from approximately 0.7 mm down to a depth of 6 mm below the surface of the ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00005691
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fluorescent dye diamidino yellow was injected into parts of the developing visual and auditory systems in the rat. The dye was retrogradely transported by projecting neurones and was found to stain pyknotic profiles within the labelled cell populations. It is thus possible to visualize directly the death of neuron...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228865
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We introduce a method for quantification of movement sway--spontaneous migrations of the center of pressure (COP) during its voluntary shifts. Subjects stood on a force platform or on a board with a narrow support surface ("unstable board") and performed voluntary cyclic shifts of the COP at different frequencies. Mov...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-003-1419-3
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to further investigate the contribution of primary muscle spindle feedback to proprioception and higher brain functions, such as movement trajectory recognition. For this purpose, complex illusory movements were evoked in subjects by applying patterns of muscle tendon vibration mimicki...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-0325-2
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the thalamic ventrobasal complex (VB) of the cat, effects of electrical stimulation of the pyramidal tract (PT) upon activities of 112 relay cells and 18 internuncial cells were examined. Single PT shocks to the cerebral peduncle elicited short-latency discharges in 31 relay cells (mean latency, 1.4 +/- 0.5 msec). ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00234770
更新日期：1975-03-27 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated whether the execution of an accurate pointing response depends on a prior saccade orientation towards the target, independent of the vision of the limb. A comparison was made between the accuracy of sequential responses (in which the starting position of the hand is known and the eye centred on...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228987
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Static and dynamic otolith, horizontal vestibular and optokinetic ocular reflexes were investigated in pigmented rats 1-6 and more months after unilateral vestibular nerve (UVN) section. Evoked responses were compared with published data from control rats studied under identical conditions. Static lateral tilt of UVN ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050287
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The proportions and some of the properties of X and Y cells in lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of adult cats were measured 14-16 days after monocular paralysis. The paralysis was produced by sectioning cranial nerves III, IV and VI. No difference from normal was observed in the proportions of X and Y cells either in ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236898
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of kinaesthetic afferences in controlling coupling of voluntary oscillation of the hand and foot, both in-phase and anti-phase, was investigated by modifying the mechanical properties of one of the two segments (the hand) with applied inertial or elastic loads. Loads consisted of a lead disk, rotating coaxial...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210100762
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Here, we demonstrate a systematic shift in the perceived location of a tactile stimulus on the arm toward where the eye is looking. Participants reported the perceived position of touches presented between the elbow and the wrist while maintaining eye positions at various eccentricities. The perceived location of the ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-1884-4
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution of synaptic zinc after short-term (up to 48 h) tactile deprivation of vibrissae was investigated in the barrel cortex of mice using histochemical staining. In adult mice, 12 h after trimming selected rows of vibrissae, an increase in zinc staining in the deprived barrels was observed. This increase wa...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-001-0923-6
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Descending control is critically important for the generation of locomotor activities. Yet, our understanding of the descending control system of locomotion is limited. We hypothesized that stimulation of the ventrolateral funiculus (VLF) induces rhythmic activity in lumbar neurons that is correlated with locomotor-li...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-011-2816-7
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder in children that often continues into adulthood. It has been suggested that motor impairments in ADHD are associated with underlying cerebellar pathology. If such is the case, individuals with ADHD should be impaired on motor tasks req...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-014-4190-8
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe a new form of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) -mediated regulation of the inactivation and of the recovery from inactivation of the L-type Ca2+ current (I(Ca)) in crayfish muscle. GABA (1 mM) was applied during a 2-min period and the peak I(Ca) was measured using two-electrode voltage-clamp recordings 30 mi...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210000445
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study compared and contrasted the manifestation of neuropathic pain behaviors in several strains of rats. These included ACI, Brown-Norway, Fischer 344, Lewis, Long-Evans, Sprague-Dawley, and Wistar-Furth, all obtained from Harlan Sprague-Dawley Inc. Comparison was also made between two substrains of Sprague-Dawl...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050886
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
