Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The renin-angiotensin system, traditionally viewed as a circulatory system, has significantly expanded in the last two decades to include independently regulated local systems in several tissues, newly identified active products of angiotensin II, and new receptors and functions of renin-angiotensin system components. In spite of our increased understanding of the renin-angiotensin system, a role of angiotensin II in cardiac hypertrophy, through direct effects on cardiovascular tissue, is still being debated. Here, we address the cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II and the role an intracellular renin-angiotensin system might play. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent studies have shown that cardiac myocytes, fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells synthesize angiotensin II intracellularly. Some conditions, such as high glucose, selectively increase intracellular generation and translocation of angiotensin II to the nucleus. Intracellular angiotensin II regulates the expression of angiotensinogen and renin, generating a feedback loop. The first reaction of intracellular angiotensin II synthesis is catalyzed by renin or cathepsin D, depending on the cell type, and chymase, not angiotensin-converting enzyme, catalyzes the second step. SUMMARY:These studies suggest that the intracellular renin-angiotensin system is an important component of the local system. Alternative mechanisms of angiotensin II synthesis and action suggest a need for novel therapeutic agents to block the intracellular renin-angiotensin system.
journal_name
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertensjournal_title
Current opinion in nephrology and hypertensionauthors
Kumar R,Singh VP,Baker KMdoi
10.1097/MNH.0b013e3282f521a8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-03-01 00:00:00pages
168-73issue
2eissn
1062-4821issn
1473-6543pii
00041552-200803000-00009journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Several genetic and acquired abnormalities leading to abnormal activation of the alternative pathway of complement have been identified in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). The purpose of this review is to shed light on how advances in the understanding of aHUS pathogenesis have...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e328365b3fe
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Defective transduction of the dopamine receptor signal in the kidney has been shown to be important in the pathogenesis of hypertension This review will discuss the genetic mechanism for the defective renal dopaminergic function and the interaction with other gene variant products in the pathogenesis ...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-200303000-00010
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current knowledge regarding the role of the intrarenal rennin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the regulation of glomerular function including glomerular dynamics and filtration rate, glomerular permeability and structural alterations during chronic...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mnh.0000436544.86508.f1
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Nitric oxide is a potent, endogenous vasodilator that regulates systemic blood pressure and renal function, among other functions. The bioactivity of nitric oxide is reduced by superoxide, a major reactive oxygen species. Overproduction of superoxide and other related reactive oxygen species resulting...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mnh.0000191912.65281.e9
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Historically, studies in humans have not shown conclusively that low-protein diets ameloriate the progression of renal disease. However, recent trials have demonstrated that, in patients with advanced renal insufficiency, low-protein diets may slow the loss of renal function and defer the onset of end-stage renal dise...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199607000-00017
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To clarify misconceptions about the feasibility and risks of peritoneal dialysis that unnecessarily limit peritoneal dialysis uptake or continuation in patients for whom peritoneal dialysis is the preferred dialysis modality. The inappropriate choice of haemodialysis as a result of these misconception...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000274
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To describe the direct and indirect effects of estrogen on bone with special emphasis on the analysis of the recent findings related to the putative role of FGF23 in the estrogen-dependent parathyroid hormone (PTH) suppression. RECENT FINDINGS:Estrogens act directly on bone cells, downregulating oste...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e328338f508
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immunosuppressants cyclosporine and FK506 (tacrolimus) are extremely potent inhibitors of T-lymphocyte activation. Recent studies have shown that these agents are actually prodrugs that become active only when bound to specific members of the cyclophilin or FK506 binding protein receptor gene families. The cyclosp...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199212000-00008
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The majority of uric acid nephrolithiasis in humans occurs in the absence of frank hyperuricosuria and is primarily a disease of excessively low urinary pH. Uric acid is substantially less soluble than urate salts so in low urine pH urate is protonated, thus favoring precipitation even under what is c...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mnh.0000232876.04975.33
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The renal distal tubule has been considered for a long time as the main cellular target of aldosterone, where the hormone enhances sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion. However, other cell types in nonepithelial tissues, such as the heart, the vessels, adipose tissue, and macrophages, are now a...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e32834fb25b
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review provides an up-to-date understanding of how peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) exerts its cardioprotective effect in the vasculature through its activation of novel PPARγ target genes in endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. RECENT FINDINGS:In vascular endothelial cell...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000579
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Overexpression of the cytokine transforming growth factor-beta has been identified as the key mediator of chronic progressive kidney fibrosis in experimental and human kidney diseases. The renoprotective effects of angiotensin II blockade and low-protein diets have recently been linked to downregulation of transformin...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199707000-00014
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent insights into the etiopathogenesis of nephritogenic immune responses are derived primarily from experimental models of systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity. Genetic analyses and immune-related gene ablation studies indicate that multiple independent mechanisms determine disease susceptibility. However, full...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199705000-00012
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The prevalence of nephrolithiasis has been on the rise over recent decades. There have also been extensive efforts to identify risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this review is to highlight recent evidence on the association of nephrolithiasis with the development of CKD and...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e32836214b9
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Calcium is an essential ion for the maintenance of normal bone health and physiologic functions. The extracellular and intracellular levels of calcium are maintained through hormonal regulation called homeostasis. Balance, the net intake minus excretion of calcium, is maintained by hormonal regulation...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000416
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:There is much interest in cystatin C to replace or supplement serum creatinine to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Here we review the performance of cystatin C and combined creatinine-cystatin C estimating equations compared to creatinine-based estimating equations in chronic and acute k...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e32834b8850
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with severe complications including diabetic nephropathy. With the rapidly rising number of patients with diabetes worldwide, diabetic nephropathy is becoming one of the most common causes of renal disease. Much research effort is being put into how to id...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e328345bc1c
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the current state of knowledge concerning cyclosporine A-induced hypertension after heart transplantation, its pathophysiology and management. The hypothesis is presented that a common molecular mechanism mediates both the immunosuppressive and the hypertensive actions of cyclosporine. The calcium...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199509000-00013
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To characterize the mechanism and clinical impact of the angiotensin-receptor blocker losartan on both renal uric acid handling and thereby serum uric acid. RECENT FINDINGS:Losartan effect on serum uric acid has been demonstrated at various stages of renal failure including most recently observations...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-200209000-00001
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Magnesium is an important, predominantly intracellular cation that is required for a wide variety of cellular processes. The mammalian kidney plays a key role in whole-body magnesium homeostasis, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie renal epithelial magnesium reabsorption are poorly understood. Trad...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-200109000-00016
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several lines of evidence indicate a significant association between insulin and cardiovascular disease. This association might be explained by direct (cardio) vascular effects of insulin. Two hemodynamic actions of insulin are discussed in this review; it induces direct vasodilation in skeletal muscle and stimulation...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199801000-00016
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The current article reviews the available literature on the incidence, complications, outcomes, and management of pregnancies in kidney transplant recipients. RECENT FINDINGS:Pregnancy can be a reasonable option for women with a kidney transplant. More than 4700 successful pregnancies have been repor...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000363
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The term 'focal segmental glomerulosclerosis' covers a variety of diseases with different histopathological patterns. There is a need for clues to interpret histological findings in terms of etiology. Studies in transgenic animal models published in recent years have targeted the podocyte with respect...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e3280c8eed3
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chemical identification and functional characterization of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors varies depending on vascular size, vascular bed and species. Three major candidates are the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid, potassium ion and hydrogen peroxide. Additio...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-200203000-00008
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of hypertension is extremely high in end-stage renal disease, and is a probable contributor to the epidemic of cardiovascular disease in end-stage renal disease. However, the paucity of prospective, randomized clinical trials makes it difficult to precisely define treatment strategies. Therefore, at pre...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-200005000-00012
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To evaluate the role of restricting dietary sodium intake in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its complications. RECENT FINDINGS:A consistent line of evidence shows that high dietary sodium intake is a determinant of therapy resistance to blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). A...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e3283312fc8
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Studies of patients with tumors associated with osteomalacia (tumor-induced osteomalacia), X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) and autosomal-dominant hypophosphatemic rickets have provided important new insights into the identity and mechanisms of action of factors that play a role in controlling renal ph...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-200209000-00011
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Frailty is highly prevalent in the dialysis population and is associated with mortality. Recent studies have suggested that other dialysis outcomes are compromised in frail individuals. While we do not yet have a consensus as to the best measure of frailty, identification of these poor outcomes and th...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000364
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Strong epidemiological and pathologic evidence associates NSAIDs with kidney disease, both acute and chronic. Hence, the usage of NSAIDs has decreased in patients with, or at risk for, chronic kidney disease (CKD). Coupled with this has been a rise in use of opioids and other non-NSAID alternatives, w...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000473
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Autoregulation of renal blood flow has traditionally been considered to stabilize glomerular filtration, and thus tubular load, in the face of blood pressure fluctuations. This view arose because of the contribution of tubuloglomerular feedback, which senses distal tubular fluid composition, to regula...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e3280117fc7
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00