Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current knowledge regarding the role of the intrarenal rennin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the regulation of glomerular function including glomerular dynamics and filtration rate, glomerular permeability and structural alterations during chronic increases in intrarenal angiotensin (Ang) II. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent studies have continued to delineate the complex interactions among the various RAS components that participate in regulating glomerular function. Although Ang II acting on AT1 receptors remains as the predominant influence on glomerular dynamics, some of these effects are indirectly mediated by Ang II modulating the sensitivity of the macula densa tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism as well as the more recently described feedback mechanism from the connecting tubule. Interestingly, the actions of Ang II on these systems cause opposite effects on glomerular function demonstrating the complexities associated with the influences of Ang II on glomerular function. When chronically elevated, Ang II also stimulates and/or interacts with other factors, including reactive oxygen species, cytokines and growth factors and other hormones or paracrine agents, to elicit structural alterations. SUMMARY:Recent studies have provided further evidence for the presence of many components of the RAS in glomerular structures, which supports the importance of locally produced angiotensin peptides to regulate glomerular haemodynamics, filtration rate and macromolecular permeability and contribute to fibrosis and glomerular injury when inappropriately augmented.
journal_name
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertensjournal_title
Current opinion in nephrology and hypertensionauthors
Navar LGdoi
10.1097/01.mnh.0000436544.86508.f1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-01-01 00:00:00pages
38-45issue
1eissn
1062-4821issn
1473-6543journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway. G6PD is the main source of the essential cellular reductant, NADPH. The purpose of this review is to describe the biochemistry of G6PD and NADPH, cellular factors that regulate G6PD, normal physiolog...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000294
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) influence renal function through angiogenesis, with VEGF-A being the most potent inducer of vascular formation. In the normal glomerulus, tight homeostatic balance is maintained between the levels of VEGF-A isoforms produced by podocyte cells, and the VEGF r...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000256
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mesangial cells possess Ca(2+)-activated Cl- channels, Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels, voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, ATP-sensitive K+ channels, and two types of nonselective cation channels. Angiotensin II and arginine vasopressin depolarize the membrane. This membrane depolarization is caused by the activation of Ca(2+)...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199409000-00007
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Secondary hyperparathyroidism remains the predominant histologic lesion in pediatric patients undergoing regular dialysis, but recent evidence indicates that the regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion by calcium does not differ substantially between patients with osteitis fibrosa and subjects with normal renal fu...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199307000-00008
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Identification of the mechanisms of magnesium absorption and reabsorption has markedly enhanced our understanding of the causes of hypomagnesemia. RECENT FINDINGS:New gastrointestinal and renal causes of hypomagnesemia have been recently documented. SUMMARY:The recognition of new mechanisms and caus...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000238
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:MRI can noninvasively assess the structure and function of the kidney in a single MRI scan session. This review summarizes recent advancements in functional renal MRI techniques, with a particular focus on clinical applications. RECENT FINDINGS:A number of MRI techniques now provide measures of relev...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000266
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Phosphate lowering toward the normal range is advocated and widely practiced in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving dialysis. This approach is guided by basic science data and large observational studies that have demonstrated a consistent association between hyperphosphatemia and adverse ...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000460
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complex multifactorial inheritance pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus in various murine models has been dissected via both classic genetic analysis and the use of modern technologies in genomic manipulation. Current information suggests that lupus may be mediated by a multitude of genetic abnormalities that i...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-200105000-00022
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Multiple studies have established the beneficial role of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for kidney injury. In this review we will discuss the recent identification of Gli1 as a marker for perivascular MSC and the role of this cell population in kidney fibrosis. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent studies dem...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000230
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent insights into the etiopathogenesis of nephritogenic immune responses are derived primarily from experimental models of systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity. Genetic analyses and immune-related gene ablation studies indicate that multiple independent mechanisms determine disease susceptibility. However, full...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199705000-00012
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tests have become available that not only give an index of iron stores and availability but also provide an integrated assessment of the efficacy of its utilization. This has allowed the revision of previously accepted criteria of iron deficiency as well as the most appropriate strategies for iron administration. By o...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-200011000-00013
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Studies of patients with tumors associated with osteomalacia (tumor-induced osteomalacia), X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) and autosomal-dominant hypophosphatemic rickets have provided important new insights into the identity and mechanisms of action of factors that play a role in controlling renal ph...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-200209000-00011
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Nitric oxide is a potent, endogenous vasodilator that regulates systemic blood pressure and renal function, among other functions. The bioactivity of nitric oxide is reduced by superoxide, a major reactive oxygen species. Overproduction of superoxide and other related reactive oxygen species resulting...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mnh.0000191912.65281.e9
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been 6 years since the first reports of the use of recombinant human erythropoietin for the treatment of renal anemia appeared in the medical literature. During this period, erythropoietin has become established as a safe and highly effective therapy, and it is currently being evaluated for other nonrenal types...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199212000-00005
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing evidence implicates reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of hypertension and its cardiovascular complications. By altering the balance in the endothelium between vasoconstrictors such as thromboxane and isoprostanes and vasodilators such as nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species contribute to endothel...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199809000-00008
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possible association between low-level lead exposure and blood pressure and the causal nature of any such relationship continue to be debated. A recent meta-analysis of the human model data showed that on average a doubling of blood lead was associated with a rise in blood pressure averaging 1 mm Hg systolic and 0...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199405000-00005
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chemical identification and functional characterization of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors varies depending on vascular size, vascular bed and species. Three major candidates are the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid, potassium ion and hydrogen peroxide. Additio...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-200203000-00008
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) plays a major role in the regulation of sodium transport in the collecting duct and hence sodium balance. This review describes recent findings in the regulation of ENaC function by serine proteases in particular and other regulatory aspects. R...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e328332bda4
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Calcium is an essential ion for the maintenance of normal bone health and physiologic functions. The extracellular and intracellular levels of calcium are maintained through hormonal regulation called homeostasis. Balance, the net intake minus excretion of calcium, is maintained by hormonal regulation...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000416
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a member of the lipocalin superfamily of carrier proteins. NGAL is the first known mammalian protein which specifically binds organic molecules called siderophores, which are high-affinity iron chelators. Here, we review the expression, siderophore-...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mnh.0000232886.81142.58
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The glomerular filtration barrier is a unique structure characterized by a specialized three-dimensional framework of podocytes. This review is aimed at describing the latest advances made in the understanding of polarity signalling pathways regulating the formation and the maintenance of the complex ...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e32832e316d
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:There is currently a major debate on the mechanisms of albuminuria, and this review appraises recent studies in this area. RECENT FINDINGS:The traditional view of albuminuria is that it is the result of damage to an essentially impermeable glomerular barrier. However, over the years, critical evidenc...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e32832cb96a
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The pathogenesis and optimal therapy of renal bone disease remains poorly understood in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dialysis patients. Bone biopsy is thus far the only window into cellular and molecular events in bone. This review will focus on recent insights into the pathophysiology of renal bo...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e32835dda01
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic renal disease evolves to end-stage renal failure through events, including enhanced intraglomerular pressure and plasma protein ultrafiltration, mediated at least in part by angiotensin II. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduce intracapillary pressure and ameliorate glomerular size-selective function...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199709000-00014
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The examination of urine sediment is a diagnostic test which is frequently neglected by nephrologists. With this review the authors wanted to demonstrate that it can provide useful and relevant information in a wide spectrum of clinical situations. RECENT FINDINGS:The authors reviewed the main contri...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-200311000-00009
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Epithelial sodium channels mediate Na+ transport across high resistance, Na+-transporting epithelia. This review describes recent findings that indicate that epithelial sodium channels are activated by the proteolytic release of inhibitory peptides from the alpha and gamma subunits. RECENT FINDINGS:N...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e32821f6072
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because long-term results of kidney transplantation are still unsatisfactory, efforts are needed to improve them, particularly through the allocation of well-matched kidneys to recipients. In the past 7 years, the United Network of Organ Sharing 6-antigen match program has established that superior results can be obta...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199411000-00004
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to explain the rationale and limitations for use of mineralocorticoid receptor blockers (MRBs) for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its complications. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent studies in animal models of CKD demonstrate that blockade of the mineraloco...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e32833ce6d5
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several lines of evidence indicate a significant association between insulin and cardiovascular disease. This association might be explained by direct (cardio) vascular effects of insulin. Two hemodynamic actions of insulin are discussed in this review; it induces direct vasodilation in skeletal muscle and stimulation...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199801000-00016
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Strong epidemiological and pathologic evidence associates NSAIDs with kidney disease, both acute and chronic. Hence, the usage of NSAIDs has decreased in patients with, or at risk for, chronic kidney disease (CKD). Coupled with this has been a rise in use of opioids and other non-NSAID alternatives, w...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000473
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00