Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Calcium is an essential ion for the maintenance of normal bone health and physiologic functions. The extracellular and intracellular levels of calcium are maintained through hormonal regulation called homeostasis. Balance, the net intake minus excretion of calcium, is maintained by hormonal regulation of intestinal absorption and fecal/urinary excretion. Homeostasis and balance are disconnected in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this review is to understand how calcium homeostasis and balance are impaired in CKD. RECENT FINDINGS:Two formal calcium balance studies have found that an oral intake of 800-1000 mg of calcium in adults with CKD leads to neutral calcium balance, whereas amounts greater than that lead to positive calcium balance. In patients with CKD, the main determinant of positive calcium balance is the intake and the lack of urinary calcium excretion. SUMMARY:Calcium balance is different in patients with advanced CKD compared with patients without CKD. Thus, the oral intake of calcium in the form of diet and binders should not exceed 800-1000 mg/day to achieve neutral calcium balance in adult patients with CKD stages 3b/4.
journal_name
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertensjournal_title
Current opinion in nephrology and hypertensionauthors
Moe SMdoi
10.1097/MNH.0000000000000416subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-07-01 00:00:00pages
251-257issue
4eissn
1062-4821issn
1473-6543journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Chronic renal disease evolves to end-stage renal failure through events, including enhanced intraglomerular pressure and plasma protein ultrafiltration, mediated at least in part by angiotensin II. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduce intracapillary pressure and ameliorate glomerular size-selective function...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199709000-00014
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Autoregulation of renal blood flow has traditionally been considered to stabilize glomerular filtration, and thus tubular load, in the face of blood pressure fluctuations. This view arose because of the contribution of tubuloglomerular feedback, which senses distal tubular fluid composition, to regula...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e3280117fc7
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In the present review, we aim to describe the state of knowledge concerning antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) spectrum and diagnosis criteria before analyzing the present and future promising leads regarding ABMR prognosis markers and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent studies regarding complement-bi...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000069
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent investigations cast some doubts on the status of insulin resistance as a trigger in hyperinsulinemia-associated hypertension or obesity-related hypertension, or both. Major epidemiological studies have shown that central adiposity is a powerful risk factor for stroke or coronary artery disease when accompanied ...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199501000-00010
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We aim to review the biological properties of novel molecules that are members of a kidney-bone axis involved in the regulation of phosphate homeostasis. In addition, we describe how an improved knowledge of the mechanisms leading to changes in renal phosphate handling may lead to the development of n...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e3282fd6e5b
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Renal synthesis of the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], is a pivotal step in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Production of 1,25(OH)2D3 is catalyzed by the mitchondrial cytochrome P450, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase (1alpha-HYD). As a consequence of the tight regulation of ...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-200001000-00004
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Volume regulatory mechanisms are reviewed for both short- and long-term adaptation of renal cells to anisotonic media. Within minutes after exposure to hypotonic solutions a common feature of many renal cells is the increase in plasma membrane potassium and chloride conductances. Although extrusion of intracellular po...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00041552-199609000-00007
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The review describes studies investigating the role of microRNAs in the signaling pathway of the mineralocorticoid hormone, aldosterone. RECENT FINDINGS:Emerging evidence indicates that aldosterone alters the expression of microRNAs in target tissues thereby modulating the expression of key regulator...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000440
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Epigenetic modifications are reversible changes to a cell's DNA or histones that alter gene expression but not DNA sequence. The present review will explore epigenomic profiling and bioinformatics techniques for the study of kidney development and disease. RECENT FINDINGS:Reversible DNA and histone m...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000602
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:There is currently a major debate on the mechanisms of albuminuria, and this review appraises recent studies in this area. RECENT FINDINGS:The traditional view of albuminuria is that it is the result of damage to an essentially impermeable glomerular barrier. However, over the years, critical evidenc...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e32832cb96a
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Secondary hyperparathyroidism remains the predominant histologic lesion in pediatric patients undergoing regular dialysis, but recent evidence indicates that the regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion by calcium does not differ substantially between patients with osteitis fibrosa and subjects with normal renal fu...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199307000-00008
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The renal distal tubule has been considered for a long time as the main cellular target of aldosterone, where the hormone enhances sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion. However, other cell types in nonepithelial tissues, such as the heart, the vessels, adipose tissue, and macrophages, are now a...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e32834fb25b
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cardinal feature of systemic lupus erythematosus is the formation of anti-nuclear antibodies. In recent years, it has become clear that the nucleosome is a major autoantigen that drives this T cell-dependent autoimmune response, as exemplified by the presence of nucleosome-specific T helper cells and the high prev...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199905000-00005
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This article will review briefly the emerging new concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertensive heart disease. RECENT FINDINGS:Although hypertensive heart disease is characterized clinically by development of left-ventricular hypertrophy in the absence o...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mnh.0000174143.30045.bd
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patient non-compliance with the dialysis treatment prescription has often been overlooked as an important variable that contributes to outcomes in end-stage renal disease. This review discusses evidence from a limited number of researchers that such behavior may be as important as the traditional medical indicators th...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199811000-00004
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Frailty is highly prevalent in the dialysis population and is associated with mortality. Recent studies have suggested that other dialysis outcomes are compromised in frail individuals. While we do not yet have a consensus as to the best measure of frailty, identification of these poor outcomes and th...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000364
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the past 12 months additional evidence has emerged from several studies, indicating that hepatitis C virus infection is the most important liver disease after renal transplantation. A new, severe and rare entity called fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis can lead to early liver failure, although the most important ...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199803000-00006
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway. G6PD is the main source of the essential cellular reductant, NADPH. The purpose of this review is to describe the biochemistry of G6PD and NADPH, cellular factors that regulate G6PD, normal physiolog...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000294
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Structural biology is one of the most informative disciplines available to biochemical research. It unites technologies that can reveal high-resolution (often atomic) details of the inner workings of biochemical systems. These insights are crucial for an understanding of basic life processes, such as ...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-200307000-00012
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In light of the recent changes to the kidney allocation system (KAS) and the observed increase in the rate of transplantation of the highly sensitized kidney transplant candidate, the evaluation and care of this population is a timely topic. RECENT FINDINGS:In its first year, the new KAS has already ...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000172
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Renal tubular cells die by apoptosis as well as necrosis in experimental models of ischemic and toxic acute renal failure as well as in humans with acute tubular necrosis. It is not yet possible, however, to determine the relative contribution of these two forms of cell death to loss of renal tubular cells in acute tu...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-200205000-00006
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Adverse events due to drug-drug interactions remain a challenge in the postsurgical care of transplant recipients. A combination of potent and selective immunosuppressive drugs, which have a narrow therapeutic index, with medications for the treatment of comorbidities such as dyslipidemia, infection, ...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e32832edcb2
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is mounting evidence that elevated serum phosphorus is an important cardiovascular risk factor in patients with end stage renal disease. Recent work has shown that vascular smooth muscle cells have the ability to undergo osteoblastic differentiation and produce an environment conducive to mineralization. Serum p...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-200111000-00003
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Non-valvular atrial fibrillation is common in patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) and historically patients have been treated with vitamin K antagonists (VKA). However, these agents have questionable efficacy and are associated with increased bleeding risk. Non-vitamin K oral anticoagula...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000443
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mesangial cells possess Ca(2+)-activated Cl- channels, Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels, voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, ATP-sensitive K+ channels, and two types of nonselective cation channels. Angiotensin II and arginine vasopressin depolarize the membrane. This membrane depolarization is caused by the activation of Ca(2+)...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199409000-00007
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To evaluate the role of restricting dietary sodium intake in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its complications. RECENT FINDINGS:A consistent line of evidence shows that high dietary sodium intake is a determinant of therapy resistance to blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). A...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e3283312fc8
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Dialysis has been the prevailing treatment paradigm in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) for patients ineligible for or unlikely to receive kidney transplantation. As dialysis may neither offer survival benefit nor improved quality of life in certain groups, there has been increasing interest in c...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000573
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the nature of allorecognition is fundamental to the design of antigen-specific therapies for transplantation. As recently as 10 years ago it was generally believed that recognition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules by T lymphocytes was direct and represented the "simplest" kind of T-lym...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199311000-00007
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Studies of patients with tumors associated with osteomalacia (tumor-induced osteomalacia), X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) and autosomal-dominant hypophosphatemic rickets have provided important new insights into the identity and mechanisms of action of factors that play a role in controlling renal ph...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-200209000-00011
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Inflammatory cytokines contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension through effects on renal blood flow and sodium handling. This review will update recent advances that explore the renal actions of immune cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS:Populations of cells...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000385
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00