Abstract：
:Preliminary but increasing evidence suggests that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Tourette's syndrome (TS), and restless legs syndrome (RLS) may be comorbid. In the present article, we hypothesize that ADHD, TS, and RLS may be part of a spectrum, and that iron deficiency contributes to the pathophysiology underlying this spectrum. Iron deficiency might lead to ADHD, RLS and TS symptoms via its impact on the metabolism of dopamine and other catecholamines, which have been involved into the pathophysiology of ADHD, TS, and RLS. We speculate that the catecholaminergic systems are differently impacted in each of the three disorders, contributing to a different specific phenotypic expression of iron deficiency. MRI studies assessing brain iron levels in ADHD, TS, and childhood RLS, as well as genetic studies on the specific molecular pathways involved in iron deficiency, are greatly needed to confirm the iron hypothesis underlying ADHD, TS, and RLS. This body of research may set the basis for controlled trials assessing the effectiveness and tolerability, as well as the most appropriate dose, duration and type (oral vs. intravenous) of iron supplementation. In conclusion, the iron hypothesis may help us progress in the understanding of pathophysiological links between ADHD, RLS, and TS, suggesting that iron supplementation might be effective for all these three impairing conditions.
journal_name
Med Hypothesesjournal_title
Medical hypothesesauthors
Cortese S,Lecendreux M,Bernardina BD,Mouren MC,Sbarbati A,Konofal Edoi
10.1016/j.mehy.2007.10.013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-01-01 00:00:00pages
1128-32issue
6eissn
0306-9877issn
1532-2777pii
S0306-9877(07)00634-2journal_volume
70pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents the largest current health challenge for the society. At the moment, the therapeutic strategies to deal with this disease are only supportive. It is well known that zinc (Zn) possesses a variety of dir...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(90)90184-g
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2009.12.030
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2003.10.002
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2008.10.032
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(89)90033-9
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2011.08.005
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.2001.1480
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00150-6
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(90)90085-s
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109955
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2010.01.048
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2008.08.030
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2009.01.047
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2006.02.043
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2009.05.013
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2019.02.047
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reflux of biliary secretions into the pancreatic duct following gallstone obstruction of the common biliary pancreatic ampulla has been implicated as a cause of acute pancreatitis. However, the pancreatic duct pressure is higher than the biliary pressure and, therefore, the simple obstruction of the choledochoduodenal...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.1998.0896
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(80)90010-9
更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atrial fibrillation (Af) is the most common disorder of cardiac rhythm and is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality in the general population. A recent community-based observational study revealed that diabetes and hypertension were associated with the development of Af. Since there is no definite eviden...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2005.07.018
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.2001.1532
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2019.01.011
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oral glucosamine has anti-inflammatory activity in rodents, and anecdotal evidence suggests that it may be clinically useful in inflammatory bowel disorders. A possible explanation is that supplemental glucosamine increases production of heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans by the vascular endothelium, thereby improving...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(98)90247-x
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
