The impact of climate change on smallholder and subsistence agriculture.

abstract：:The properties of the virus synthesized by each of three morphologically different cell lines originating from DBA/2J fetal liver cells transformed by the anemic strain of Friend leukemia virus in vitro were analyzed. The cells of line G-1 are malignant in syngeneic DBA/2 mice, grow in suspension, and are erythroid in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsuei D,Pogo BG,Friend C

更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Calcium oscillations suppress mitochondrial movements along the microtubules to support on-demand distribution of mitochondria. To activate this mechanism, Ca(2+) targets a yet unidentified cytoplasmic factor that does not seem to be a microtubular motor or a kinase/phosphatase. Here, we have studied the dependence of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saotome M,Safiulina D,Szabadkai G,Das S,Fransson A,Aspenstrom P,Rizzuto R,Hajnóczky G

更新日期：2008-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The formation of complex superstructures via hydrogen bonding of two ditopic building blocks, diazadibenzoperylenes 1a,b and isophthalic acid 2, has been investigated. It was found that only the phenoxy-substituted diazadibenzoperylene 1a forms extended assemblies with 2 in complexes of a 1:1 stoichiometry, whereas fo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sautter A,Thalacker C,Heise B,Wurthner F

更新日期：2002-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Two main types of peroxisomal targeting signals have been identified that reside either at the extreme C terminus (PTS1) or the N terminus (PTS2) of the protein. In the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha the majority of peroxisomal matrix proteins are of the PTS1 type. Thus far, for H. polymorpha only amine oxi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Faber KN,Haima P,Gietl C,Harder W,Ab G,Veenhuis M

更新日期：1994-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:When Sertoli cells of the seminiferous epithelium in the testis were cultured on Matrigel (a reconstituted basement membrane), laminin, or one of the biologically active laminin-derived peptides (YIGSR, SIKVAV, or RGD), they exhibited dramatic changes in morphology accompanied by changes in protein secretion and gene ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Papadopoulos V,Dym M

更新日期：1994-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:We report that diverse species of bacteria encode a type IB DNA topoisomerase that resembles vaccinia virus topoisomerase. Deinococcus radiodurans topoisomerase IB (DraTopIB), an exemplary member of this family, relaxes supercoiled DNA in the absence of a divalent cation or ATP. DraTopIB has a compact size (346 aa) an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Krogh BO,Shuman S

更新日期：2002-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Isolated rat kidney glomeruli converted octatritiated arachidonic acid to several prostaglandins whose production was inhibited by meclofenamate. These were, in order of decreasing abundance, prostaglandin F2 alpha, prostaglandin E2, 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha, thromboxane B2, and prostaglandin D2. These products we...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hassid A,Konieczkowski M,Dunn MJ

更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular fatty acid incorporation into the phospholipids of Staphylococcus aureus occurs via fatty acid phosphorylation. We show that fatty acid kinase (Fak) is composed of two dissociable protein subunits encoded by separate genes. FakA provides the ATP binding domain and interacts with two distinct FakB protein...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Parsons JB,Broussard TC,Bose JL,Rosch JW,Jackson P,Subramanian C,Rock CO

更新日期：2014-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanism of enzymatic conversion of a fatty acid to the corresponding alkane by the loss of the carboxyl carbon was investigated with particulate preparations from Pisum sativum. A heavy particulate preparation (sp. gr., 1.30 g/cm3) isolated by two density-gradient centrifugation steps catalyzed conversion of octadec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cheesbrough TM,Kolattukudy PE

更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plants, although sessile, can reorient growth axes in response to changing environmental conditions. Phototropism and gravitropism represent adaptive growth responses induced by changes in light direction and growth axis orientation relative to gravitational direction, respectively. The nearly 80-year-old Cholodny-Wen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Esmon CA,Tinsley AG,Ljung K,Sandberg G,Hearne LB,Liscum E

更新日期：2006-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Seasonal variations in the properties of rabbit-liver fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase have now been linked to corresponding changes in the levels of proteolytic activity in the liver extracts. Incubation of native fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase with purified liver lysosomes causes a 3-fold increase in catalytic activity at p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pontremoli S,Melloni E,Balestrero F,Franzi AT,De Flora A,Horecker BL

更新日期：1973-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular diversity of ion channel structure and function underlies variability in electrical signaling in nerve, muscle, and nonexcitable cells. Regulation by variable auxiliary subunits is a major mechanism to generate tissue- or cell-specific diversity of ion channel function. Mammalian large-conductance, voltage- ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yan J,Aldrich RW

更新日期：2012-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Galanin is a neuropeptide with a wide variety of biological functions, including that of a strong endogenous anticonvulsant. No nonpeptide ligands, capable of activating galanin receptors, are available today. Based on known pharmacophores of galanin, a combinatorial library was designed, synthesized, and screened at ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saar K,Mazarati AM,Mahlapuu R,Hallnemo G,Soomets U,Kilk K,Hellberg S,Pooga M,Tolf BR,Shi TS,Hökfelt T,Wasterlain C,Bartfai T,Langel U

更新日期：2002-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Metalloproteases from at least two Gram-negative organisms selectively hydrolyze the surface of human fixed washed platelets. The protease-treated platelets lose their ability to aggregate with bovine von Willebrand factor and human von Willebrand factor plus ristocetin. The present study reports the membrane glycopro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cooper HA,Bennett WP,White GC 2nd,Wagner RH

更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rabbit articular chondrocytes synthesize type II collagen [3alpha(1)(II)] in vivo and type I collagen [2alpha(1)(I).alpha(2)] in monolayer cultures. In suspension culture the nature of phenotype depends on extracellular Ca(2+). The relationship of Ca(2+) and 3':5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP) in regulation of collagen synthesis ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Deshmukh K,Sawyer BD

更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Solvent additives (cosolvents, osmolytes) modulate biochemical reactions if, during the course of the reaction, there is a change in preferential interactions of solvent components with the reacting system. Preferential interactions can be expressed in terms of preferential binding of the cosolvent or its preferential...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Timasheff SN

更新日期：2002-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Cumulative distributions of the number of doublings undergone by mixed megakaryocytic/erythroblastic colonies and by pure megakaryocytic colonies were determined from plasma clot cultures of bone marrow (from C57BL/6 mice) supplemented with erythropoietin. Analysis of these distributions suggests that these colonies a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Paulus JM,Prenant M,Deschamps JF,Henry-Amar M

更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antigen-induced activation of T cells can be specifically inhibited by antigen analogs that have been termed T-cell receptor peptide antagonists. These antagonists appear to act by inducing the formation of nonstimulatory or partially stimulatory complexes between T-cell receptors and the major histocompatibility comp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Page DM,Alexander J,Snoke K,Appella E,Sette A,Hedrick SM,Grey HM

更新日期：1994-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Congenital osteopetrosis in the mutant rat "op" is accompanied by early atrophy of the thymus gland. The response of thymocytes to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin P was greatly diminished at age 28 days, even before pronounced thymic atrophy could be detected. The response of spleen cells to mitogens that stimul...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Milhaud G,Labat ML,Parant M,Damais C,Chedid L

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allostatic load (AL) is a measure of overall physiological wear-and-tear over the life course, which could partially be the consequence of early life exposures. AL could allow a better understanding of the potential biological pathways playing a role in the construction of the social gradient in adult health. To explo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barboza Solís C,Kelly-Irving M,Fantin R,Darnaudéry M,Torrisani J,Lang T,Delpierre C

更新日期：2015-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:In t(15;17) acute promyelocytic leukemia, all-trans retinoic acid (RA) induces leukemic cell maturation in vitro and remission in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients, but in vivo treatments invariably lead to relapse with resistance to RA. NB4, a maturation-inducible cell line, and NB4-RAr sublines (R1 and R2) displ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ruchaud S,Duprez E,Gendron MC,Houge G,Genieser HG,Jastorff B,Doskeland SO,Lanotte M

更新日期：1994-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Intergroup conflict is a persistent feature of many human societies yet little is known about why individuals participate when doing so imposes a mortality risk. To evaluate whether participation in warfare is associated with reproductive benefits, we present data on participation in small-scale livestock raids among ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Glowacki L,Wrangham R

更新日期：2015-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:In most animals, longevity is achieved at the expense of fertility, but queen honey bees do not show this tradeoff. Queens are both long-lived and fertile, whereas workers, derived from the same genome, are both relatively short-lived and normally sterile. It has been suggested, on the basis of results from workers, t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Corona M,Velarde RA,Remolina S,Moran-Lauter A,Wang Y,Hughes KA,Robinson GE

更新日期：2007-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Language is classically thought to be supported by perisylvian cortical regions. Here we provide intracranial evidence linking the hippocampal complex to linguistic processing. We used direct recordings from the hippocampal structures to investigate whether theta oscillations, pivotal in memory function, track the amo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Piai V,Anderson KL,Lin JJ,Dewar C,Parvizi J,Dronkers NF,Knight RT

更新日期：2016-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:During nervous system development, synapses undergo morphological change as a function of electrical activity. In Drosophila, enhanced activity results in the expansion of larval neuromuscular junctions. We have examined whether these structural changes involve the pre- or postsynaptic partner by selectively enhancing...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mosca TJ,Carrillo RA,White BH,Keshishian H

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ribonucleotide reductase system of Escherichia coli B participates in the biosynthesis of DNA by reducing ribonucleoside diphosphates to the corresponding deoxyribonucleotides. The enzyme is regulated in a complicated way by allosteric modifiers. We now find that infection of E. coli with the bacteriophage T4 resu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Berglund O,Karlström O,Reichard P

更新日期：1969-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methane can be converted to triose dihydroxyacetone (DHA) by chemical processes with formaldehyde as an intermediate. Carbon dioxide, a by-product of various industries including ethanol/butanol biorefineries, can also be converted to formaldehyde and then to DHA. DHA, upon entry into a cell and phosphorylation to DHA...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang L,Chauliac D,Rhee MS,Panneerselvam A,Ingram LO,Shanmugam KT

更新日期：2018-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Accumulating evidence indicates that epigenetic alterations contribute to exacerbated activation or deregulation of the mechanisms that maintain tolerance to self-antigens in patients with lupus, a systemic autoimmune disease that can be triggered by medications taken to treat a variety of conditions. Here, we tested ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mazari L,Ouarzane M,Zouali M

更新日期：2007-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:A synchronized heart beat is controlled by pacemaking impulses conducted through Purkinje fibers. In chicks, these impulse-conducting cells are recruited during embryogenesis from myocytes in direct association with developing coronary arteries. In culture, the vascular cytokine endothelin converts embryonic myocytes ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hyer J,Johansen M,Prasad A,Wessels A,Kirby ML,Gourdie RG,Mikawa T

更新日期：1999-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Two brefeldin A (BFA)-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange proteins for ADP-ribosylation factors, 200-kDa BIG1 and 190-kDa BIG2, were copurified from bovine brain cytosol associated with >670-kDa macromolecular complexes. When observed by immunofluorescence in HeLa S3 and HepG2 cells, endogenous BIG1 and coexpressed ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamaji R,Adamik R,Takeda K,Togawa A,Pacheco-Rodriguez G,Ferrans VJ,Moss J,Vaughan M

更新日期：2000-03-14 00:00:00