Abstract:
:Shigella flexneri, which causes shigellosis in humans, evolved from Escherichia coli. The sequencing of Shigella genomes has revealed that a large number of insertion sequence (IS) elements (over 200 elements) reside in the genome. Although the presence of these elements has been noted previously and summarized, more detailed analyses are required to understand their evolutionary significance. Here, the genome of S. flexneri strain 2457T is used to investigate the spatial distribution of IS copies around the chromosome and the location of elements with respect to genes. It is found that most IS isoforms occur essentially randomly around the genome. Two exceptions are IS91 and IS911, which appear to cluster due to local hopping. The location of IS elements with respect to genes is biased, however, revealing the action of natural selection. The non-coding regions of the genome (no more than 21%) carry disproportionally more IS elements (at least 28%) than the coding regions, implying that selection acts against insertion into genes. Of the genes disrupted by ISs, those involved in signal transduction, intracellular trafficking, and cell motility are most commonly targeted, suggesting selection against genes in these categories.
journal_name
FEMS Microbiol Lettjournal_title
FEMS microbiology lettersauthors
Zaghloul L,Tang C,Chin HY,Bek EJ,Lan R,Tanaka MMdoi
10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00957.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-12-01 00:00:00pages
197-204issue
2eissn
0378-1097issn
1574-6968pii
FML957journal_volume
277pub_type
信件abstract::The objective of this work was to analyze the effects of thermosonication (TS) on induction of a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state in Salmonella Typhimurium and to examine incubation factors affecting subsequent resuscitation of cells. A TS treatment of 380 W at 53°C for 30 min induced the VBNC state in S. Typhim...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
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abstract::Streptomyces tendae Tü901 produces nikkomycins belonging to the nucleoside peptide antibiotics. Mutants defective in histidine catabolism were isolated and characterized with regard to their histidine ammonium-lyase activity and antibiotic synthesis. In the histidine ammonialyase-negative mutant hut-11 which was unimp...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-1097(92)90384-z
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abstract::Piscirickettsia salmonis is a novel, aggressive, facultative Gram-negative bacterium that drastically affects salmon production at different latitudes, with particular impact in southern Chile. Initially, P. salmonis was described as a Rickettsia-like, obligate, intracellular Alphaproteobacteria, but it was reclassifi...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
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abstract::An obligately anaerobic spirochete designated strain SEBR 4228T (T = type strain) was isolated from an oil field of Congo, Central Africa. The strain grew optimally with a sodium chloride concentration of 5% (sodium chloride concentration) growth range 1.0-10%) at 37 degrees C (growth temperature range 20-40 degrees C...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
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abstract::We devised a screening method to obtain basidiomycetous fungi capable of degrading dioxins. About 200 fungal strains were selected from more than 1500 strains by their ability to decolorize Remazol brilliant blue R dye as an indicator. To attempt to eliminate the factor of dioxin sorption by mycelia, we prepared two s...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11308.x
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
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doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00760.x
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abstract::Fourteen solvent-sensitive transposon mutants were generated from the solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas putida strain S12 by applying the TnMod-KmO mutagenesis system. These mutants were unable to grow in the presence of octanol and toluene. By cloning the region flanking the transposon insertion point a partial sequence o...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
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doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10628.x
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01871.x
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-1097(05)80049-7
更新日期:1990-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Penicillium expansum is the causal agent of blue mold rot, a postharvest decay of stored fruits. This fungus also produces the mycotoxins patulin and citrinin. Control of P. expansum still relies mainly on the use of fungicides such as thiabendazole. Since its introduction, resistant strains have been reported. The ai...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endoglucanase of Aspergillus niger AS-101 was partially purified by ammonium sulphate fractionation and molecular sieving on Sephadex G-200. The enzyme was found to be unstable on storage, however, it received some protection on the addition of BSA, glycerol or sodium azide. Glycerol also protected the enzyme from ina...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-1097(90)90060-4
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fatty acid composition during the transformation of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes into metacyclic trypomastigotes (metacyclogenesis) was analysed by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Significant qualitative and quantitative changes in the fatty acid composition occurred during incubation of epimas...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
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doi:10.1016/0378-1097(89)90453-9
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06551.x
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05301.x
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 16S rDNA was developed to identify spirochaetes recovered from cases of intestinal spirochaetosis in humans and pigs; these bacteria belong to a distinct genetic group of spirochaetes, with the proposed name 'Anguillina coli'. The PCR incorporated a universal eubacter...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07362.x
更新日期:1995-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The variable stress-sensitivity of individual cells within pure cultures is widely noted but generally unexplained. Here, factors determining the heterogeneous susceptibility to copper toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined with a rapid non-perturbing approach based on flow cytometry. By determination of t...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
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abstract::The chrysene-degrading bacterium Pseudoxanthomonas sp. PNK-04 was isolated from a coal sample. Three novel metabolites, hydroxyphenanthroic acid, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid and salicylic acid, were identified by TLC, HPLC and MS. Key enzyme activities, namely 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate hydroxylase, 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalen...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::Members of the Streptococcus bovis group are frequent colonizers of the intestinal tract, which can also cause endocarditis. However, their ability to adhere to and colonize host tissues and the factors associated with pathogenicity are largely unknown. Here, we assessed 17 endocarditis-derived human isolates [identif...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01378.x
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abstract::We analyzed gel electrophoretic banding patterns of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of 16 type strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. saprophyticus, S. hominis, S. xylosus, S. simulans, S. warneri, S. capitis, S. saccharolyticus, S. auricularis, S. caseolyticus, S. ga...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
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abstract::A gene fusion between the Saccharomyces cerevisiae actin gene promoter and the cDNA of the Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi pelA gene has been constructed. This expression cassette has been introduced into the industrial wine yeast strain T73. The resulting recombinant strain is able to secrete active PELA enzyme into the ...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07428.x
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A peptide from human parotid secretion which inhibited hemagglutination of Bacteroides gingivalis 381 was purified by ultrafiltration followed by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography and by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25, and then by reversed-phase HPLC. The complete amino acid sequence of the peptide, determined...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
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更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the flagellum and chemotactic motility of Vibrio anguillarum for phagocytosis by and intracellular survival in fish macrophages was determined using a wild-type strain, a mutant without the flagellum, a mutant with a truncated flagellum and a non-chemotactic mutant. For all strains, the numbers of intracel...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2001-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Calcium has been reported to play an important role in regulating the intestinal electrolyte transport via Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) and/or protein kinase C (PKC) systems. The role of Ca2+, CaM and PKC in the pathogenesis of Campylobacter jejuni-induced fluid accumulation was studied in vivo in ligated rat ileal loops. Ca...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06406.x
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tritrichomonas foetus is a venereal pathogen of cattle, which causes infertility, early embryonic death or abortion. In order to evaluate the potential trichomonicidal activity of benzimidazoles, the effects of thiabendazole, mebendazole and albendazole were analyzed on the multiplication, general morphology and ultra...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The synthesis of inducible biodegradative threonine dehydratase of Escherichia coli increased several-fold in the presence of the DNA gyrase inhibitors, nalidixic acid and coumermycin. Temperature-sensitive gyrB mutants expressed higher levels of dehydratase as compared to an isogenic gyrB+ strain. Immunoblotting expe...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-1097(89)90362-5
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small colony variants (SCVs) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 6750 (WT) were repeatedly isolated in an in vitro kinetic model after exposure to gentamicin (GM). There were minor differences biochemically and in phage and serotyping between the wild type (WT) strain and SCVs. Changes in outer membrane protein profiles we...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00