Estimation of the number of virus particles transmitted by an insect vector.

abstract：:Fungal cell walls and fragments thereof (elicitors) induce the formation of low and high molecular weight defense compounds in plant cell suspension cultures. This induced synthesis requires a signal molecule transmitting the message between the elicitor plant cell wall receptor and gene activation. We demonstrate in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mueller MJ,Brodschelm W,Spannagl E,Zenk MH

更新日期：1993-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) biology has focused on the tightly regulated enzymatic mechanism that transforms L-arginine into a family of molecules, which serve both signaling and defense functions. However, very little is known of the pathways that metabolize these molecules or turn off the signals. The paradigm is well exempli...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hausladen A,Gow AJ,Stamler JS

更新日期：1998-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The plasma iron turnover was measured in 19 normal subjects. A correlation was found between plasma iron concentration and plasma iron turnover. In addition to the turnover of 55Fe at normal plasma iron concentration (predominantly monoferric transferrin), a second turnover in which the labeled plasma was saturated wi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Skarberg K,Eng M,Huebers H,Marsaglia G,Finch C

更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rodless retina (gene symbol, r) was discovered in mice by Keeler 70 years ago and was first described in this journal as an autosomal recessive mutation leading to "the absence of the visual cells (rods), the external nuclear layer, and the external molecular layer" [Keeler, C. E. (1924) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 10,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pittler SJ,Keeler CE,Sidman RL,Baehr W

更新日期：1993-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Somatic LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposition has been detected in early embryos, adult brains, and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and many cancers, including epithelial GI tumors. We previously found numerous somatic L1 insertions in paired normal and GI cancerous tissues. Here, using a modified method of single-cell anal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamaguchi K,Soares AO,Goff LA,Talasila A,Choi JA,Ivenitsky D,Karma S,Brophy B,Devine SE,Meltzer SJ,Kazazian HH Jr

更新日期：2020-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent experiments have shown that spreading epithelial sheets exhibit a long-range coordination of motility forces that leads to a buildup of tension in the tissue, which may enhance cell division and the speed of wound healing. Furthermore, the edges of these epithelial sheets commonly show finger-like protrusions w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Basan M,Elgeti J,Hannezo E,Rappel WJ,Levine H

更新日期：2013-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations of inversin cause type II nephronophthisis, an infantile autosomal recessive disease characterized by cystic kidney disease and developmental defects. Inversin regulates Wnt signaling and is required for convergent extension movements during early embryogenesis. We now show that Inversin is essential for Xen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lienkamp S,Ganner A,Boehlke C,Schmidt T,Arnold SJ,Schäfer T,Romaker D,Schuler J,Hoff S,Powelske C,Eifler A,Krönig C,Bullerkotte A,Nitschke R,Kuehn EW,Kim E,Burkhardt H,Brox T,Ronneberger O,Gloy J,Walz G

更新日期：2010-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Sequencing of a 360-nucleotide segment of the mitochondrial control region for 63 individuals from an Amerindian tribe, the Nuu-Chah-Nulth of the Pacific Northwest, revealed the existence of 28 lineages defined by 26 variable positions. This represents a substantial level of mitochondrial diversity for a small local p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ward RH,Frazier BL,Dew-Jager K,Pääbo S

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The heterodisaccharide lactose (1,4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose) induces cellulase formation in the ascomycete Hypocrea jecorina (= Trichoderma reesei). Lactose assimilation is slow, and the assimilation of its beta-D-galactose moiety depends mainly on the operation of a recently described reductive pathway an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fekete E,Seiboth B,Kubicek CP,Szentirmai A,Karaffa L

更新日期：2008-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Although many types of ancient bacteria and archea rely on hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) for their energy production, eukaryotes generate ATP in an oxygen-dependent fashion. We hypothesize that endogenous H(2)S remains a regulator of energy production in mammalian cells under stress conditions, which enables the body to co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fu M,Zhang W,Wu L,Yang G,Li H,Wang R

更新日期：2012-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Prototrophic hybrids formed from an adenine-requiring Chinese hamster cell and human fibroblasts uniformly display new esterase activity that differs from that of either parental cell in electrophoretic mobility and substrate specificity. The hybrids that grew in the selective medium and possessed the new esterase act...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kao FT,Puck TT

更新日期：1972-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To test the hypothesis that the pubertal increase in luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) release is withheld by a dominant inhibitory neuronal system, the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a known inhibitory neurotransmitter, in the control of LHRH release was examined in conscious female monkeys at the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mitsushima D,Hei DL,Terasawa E

更新日期：1994-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA of a common strain of tobacco mosaic virus was sequentially reconstituted first with protein of the same strain and then with protein of a tomato strain. The reconstituted particles were treated with specific antibodies against the two strain particles and were examined electron microscopically to locate the regio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Otsuki Y,Takebe I,Ohno T,Fukuda M,Okada Y

更新日期：1977-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When rat pancreatic polynucleosomes were poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated with purified calf thymus poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and examined by electron microscopy, a relaxation of their native zigzag structure was observed. At high ionic strengths control nucleosomes condensed into 250-A-thick fibers, but poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Poirier GG,de Murcia G,Jongstra-Bilen J,Niedergang C,Mandel P

更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rare nucleated fetal cells circulate within maternal blood. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis by isolation and genetic analysis of these cells is currently being undertaken. We sought to determine if genetic evidence existed for persistent circulation of fetal cells from prior pregnancies. Venous blood samples were obtai...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bianchi DW,Zickwolf GK,Weil GJ,Sylvester S,DeMaria MA

更新日期：1996-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Computational and biochemical studies implicate the blue-light sensor cryptochrome (CRY) as an endogenous light-dependent magnetosensor enabling migratory birds to navigate using the Earth's magnetic field. Validation of such a mechanism has been hampered by the absence of structures of vertebrate CRYs that have funct...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zoltowski BD,Chelliah Y,Wickramaratne A,Jarocha L,Karki N,Xu W,Mouritsen H,Hore PJ,Hibbs RE,Green CB,Takahashi JS

更新日期：2019-09-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The derivation of germ-line competent avian primordial germ cells establishes a cell-based model system for the investigation of germ cell differentiation and the production of genetically modified animals. Current methods to modify primordial germ cells using DNA or retroviral vectors are inefficient and prone to epi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Macdonald J,Taylor L,Sherman A,Kawakami K,Takahashi Y,Sang HM,McGrew MJ

更新日期：2012-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The past decade of scientific ocean drilling has revealed seemingly ubiquitous, slow-growing microbial life within a range of deep biosphere habitats. Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 337 expanded these studies by successfully coring Miocene-aged coal beds 2 km below the seafloor hypothesized to be "hot sp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Trembath-Reichert E,Morono Y,Ijiri A,Hoshino T,Dawson KS,Inagaki F,Orphan VJ

更新日期：2017-10-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The sloppy paired (slp) locus consists of two genes, slp1 and slp2, both of which encode proteins containing a forkhead domain (a DNA-binding motif). Previous work has shown that a severe segmentation phenotype is obtained only when both slp genes are deleted. Here we examine the functional redundancy of the locus in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cadigan KM,Grossniklaus U,Gehring WJ

更新日期：1994-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Aminoglycoside ototoxicity has been related to a surprisingly large number of cellular structures and metabolic pathways. The finding that patients with mutations in mitochondrial rRNA are hypersusceptible to aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss has indicated a possible role for mitochondrial protein synthesis. To stud...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hobbie SN,Akshay S,Kalapala SK,Bruell CM,Shcherbakov D,Böttger EC

更新日期：2008-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Treatment of cultured human tumor cells with the chloroethylnitrosourea antitumor drug 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) selectively induces transcription and protein synthesis of a subset of the human heat shock or stress-induced genes (HSP90 and HSP70) with little effect on other stress genes or on express...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kroes RA,Abravaya K,Seidenfeld J,Morimoto RI

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dopamine causes a significant retraction of neurites of bull-head catfish horizontal cells maintained in culture. The effects of dopamine are blocked by haloperidol and SCH 23390, a D1 antagonist, but not by sulpiride, a D2 antagonist. The dopamine-induced morphological changes were mimicked by SKF 38393, a D1 agonist...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rodrigues Pdos S,Dowling JE

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity within the avian retina was studied by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques with antiserum to [Met5]enkephalin and [Leu5]enkephalin. Formaldehyde-fixed retinae were sectioned and incubated in antiserum to either [Met5]- or [Leu5]enkephalin. Specificity...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brecha N,Karten HJ,Laverack C

更新日期：1979-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitroxyl anion (HNONO(-)), the one-electron reduced form of nitric oxide (NO), induces positive cardiac inotropy and selective venodilation in the normal in vivo circulation. Here we tested whether HNO/NO(-) augments systolic and diastolic function of failing hearts, and whether contrary to NO/nitrates such modulation...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Paolocci N,Katori T,Champion HC,St John ME,Miranda KM,Fukuto JM,Wink DA,Kass DA

更新日期：2003-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The VX2 carcinoma-bearing rabbit is an animal model for tumor-induced hypercalcemia, thought to be due to increased bone destruction effected by prostaglandin E2. The present experiments suggest that the pathophysiology of the hypercalcemia differs from that previously proposed. Tumor was transplanted intramuscularly ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Doppelt SH,Slovik DM,Neer RM,Nolan J,Zusman RM,Potts JT Jr

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wnt signaling is required for the maintenance of intestinal stem cells and self-renewal of the intestinal epithelium. Intestinal cancers are frequently associated with mutations that activate the Wnt pathway. The role of Wnt signaling on differentiation of lineage-specific precursors in the intestine is not well chara...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang Y,Giel-Moloney M,Rindi G,Leiter AB

更新日期：2007-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucocorticoids (GCs) are potent anti-inflammatory agents that block cytokine production. We investigated whether GCs also block cytokine signaling via the Janus kinase (Jak)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. Dexamethasone inhibited IL-2-induced DNA binding, tyrosine phosphorylation, and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bianchi M,Meng C,Ivashkiv LB

更新日期：2000-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To evade host immune mechanisms, many bacteria secrete immunomodulatory enzymes. Streptococcus pyogenes, one of the most common human pathogens, secretes a large endoglycosidase, EndoS, which removes carbohydrates in a highly specific manner from IgG antibodies. This modification renders antibodies incapable of elicit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Trastoy B,Lomino JV,Pierce BG,Carter LG,Günther S,Giddens JP,Snyder GA,Weiss TM,Weng Z,Wang LX,Sundberg EJ

更新日期：2014-05-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Very-long-baseline interferometry images of the nuclear region of the radio galaxy Cygnus A reveal a pronounced "core" and a knotty jet and counterjet. The knots are moving away from the core at apparent speeds which are subluminal for h = 1 [h = H0/100 km.s-1.Mpc-1;1 parsec (pc) = 3.09 x 10(16)m] and about c for h = ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bartel N,Sorathia B,Bietenholz MF,Carilli CL,Diamond P

更新日期：1995-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The inference of the evolutionary history of a set of languages is a complex problem. Although some languages are known to be related through descent from common ancestral languages, for other languages determining whether such a relationship holds is itself a difficult problem. In this paper we report on new methods,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Warnow T

更新日期：1997-06-24 00:00:00