Community-based conservation in a globalized world.

abstract：:DNA origami enables the precise fabrication of nanoscale geometries. We demonstrate an approach to engineer complex and reversible motion of nanoscale DNA origami machine elements. We first design, fabricate, and characterize the mechanical behavior of flexible DNA origami rotational and linear joints that integrate s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marras AE,Zhou L,Su HJ,Castro CE

更新日期：2015-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:FtsEX is a bacterial ABC transporter that regulates the activity of periplasmic peptidoglycan amidases via its interaction with the murein hydrolase activator, EnvC. In Escherichia coli, FtsEX is required to separate daughter cells after cell division and for viability in low-osmolarity media. Both the ATPase activity...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cook J,Baverstock TC,McAndrew MBL,Stansfeld PJ,Roper DI,Crow A

更新日期：2020-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The monomeric VDAC channel shows an accelerated pH titration of its transport properties with a Hill coefficient of about 2. This manifests itself as a sharp peak in conductance noise as well as a fast change in channel selectivity with pH. On the basis of the known structure of this channel, we propose that this coop...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rostovtseva TK,Liu TT,Colombini M,Parsegian VA,Bezrukov SM

更新日期：2000-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Rod signals in the mammalian retina are thought to reach ganglion cells over the circuit rod-->rod depolarizing bipolar cell-->AII amacrine cell-->cone bipolar cells-->ganglion cells. A possible alternative pathway involves gap junctions linking the rods and cones, the circuit being rod-->cone-->cone bipolar cells-->g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： DeVries SH,Baylor DA

更新日期：1995-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:We explored the feasibility of designing retroviral vectors that can target human breast cancer cells with characteristic receptors via ligand-receptor interaction. The ecotropic Moloney murine leukemia virus envelope was modified by insertion of sequences encoding human heregulin. Ecotropic virus, which normally does...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Han X,Kasahara N,Kan YW

更新日期：1995-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Pentamidine, diminazene aceturate (Berenil), isometamidium chloride (Samorin), and ethidium bromide, which are important antitrypanosomal drugs, promote linearization of Trypanosoma equiperdum minicircle DNA (the principal component of kinetoplast DNA, the mitochondrial DNA in these parasites). This effect occurs at t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shapiro TA,Englund PT

更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drugs with poor oral bioavailability usually are administered by hypodermic injection, which causes pain, poor patient compliance, the need for trained personnel, and risk of infectious disease transmission. Transdermal (TD) delivery provides an excellent alternative, but the barrier of skin's outer stratum corneum (S...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wermeling DP,Banks SL,Hudson DA,Gill HS,Gupta J,Prausnitz MR,Stinchcomb AL

更新日期：2008-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemokine homologs are encoded by many large DNA viruses, suggesting that they contribute to control of host leukocyte transmigration and trafficking during viral infection. Murine cytomegalovirus carries a CC (beta) chemokine homolog gene giving rise to two related proteins, murine cytomegalovirus chemokine 1 and 2 (...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saederup N,Lin YC,Dairaghi DJ,Schall TJ,Mocarski ES

更新日期：1999-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Following over 3 decades of gradual but uneven increases in sea ice coverage, the yearly average Antarctic sea ice extents reached a record high of 12.8 × 106 km2 in 2014, followed by a decline so precipitous that they reached their lowest value in the 40-y 1979-2018 satellite multichannel passive-microwave record, 10...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Parkinson CL

更新日期：2019-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the morphological hallmarks of terminally differentiated secretory cells is highly proliferated membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but the molecular basis for the high rate of protein biosynthesis in these cells remains poorly documented. An important aspect of ER translational control is the mol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ueno T,Taga Y,Yoshimoto R,Mayeda A,Hattori S,Ogawa-Goto K

更新日期：2019-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Two continuous-suspension lymphocyte lines were isolated from the spleen and fibrosarcoma of a New Zealand Black female mouse. A C-type virus with a density of 1.16 g x cm(-3), 70S RNA, and RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity was isolated. The virus was infectious for NRK, NZB, (NZB x NZW)F(1), and (NZW x NZW)F(1) em...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lerner RA,Jensen F,Kennel SJ,Dixon FJ,Des Roches G,Francke U

更新日期：1972-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies have shown that hemophilia B (Christmas disease; factor IX deficiency) results from many different mutations in the factor IX gene, of which greater than 95% are single nucleotide substitutions. This study has identified a previously unreported form of hemophilia B in a patient who was a somatic mosaic for a g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Taylor SA,Deugau KV,Lillicrap DP

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Programmed death-1 (PD-1) regulates T cell exhaustion during chronic infections. Blocking the PD-1:PD-ligand (PD-L) pathway reinvigorates exhausted CD8 T cells. Exactly how blocking PD-1:PD-L interactions improves T cell immunity, however, remains unclear. PD-1:PD-L blockade could reprogram all exhausted T cells to be...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Blackburn SD,Shin H,Freeman GJ,Wherry EJ

更新日期：2008-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The exopolysaccharide alginate is a major virulence factor in the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infecting the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Alginate synthesis by P. aeruginosa is believed to occur in response to environmental signals present in the CF lung. Transcription of a critical alginate bios...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roychoudhury S,Sakai K,Chakrabarty AM

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Whereas several apoptosis-related proteins have been linked to the antiapoptotic effects of Akt serine-threonine kinase, the search continues to explain the Akt signaling role in promoting cell survival via antiapoptotic effects. Here, we demonstrate that Akt phosphorylates the androgen receptor (AR) at Ser-210 and Se...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lin HK,Yeh S,Kang HY,Chang C

更新日期：2001-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The ATR (ATM- and rad3-related)-mediated checkpoint pathway has a crucial role in regulating the cellular responses to DNA damage and DNA-replication stress. ATRIP (ATR-interacting protein), the regulatory partner of ATR, binds directly to replication protein A (RPA)-coated ssDNA and enables the ATR-ATRIP complex to r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Namiki Y,Zou L

更新日期：2006-01-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Phase separation of multivalent protein and RNA molecules underlies the biogenesis of biomolecular condensates such as membraneless organelles. In vivo, these condensates encompass hundreds of distinct types of molecules that typically organize into multilayered structures supporting the differential partitioning of m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Boeynaems S,Holehouse AS,Weinhardt V,Kovacs D,Van Lindt J,Larabell C,Van Den Bosch L,Das R,Tompa PS,Pappu RV,Gitler AD

更新日期：2019-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The MYC family of cellular oncogenes includes c-Myc, N-myc, and L-myc, which encode transcriptional regulators involved in the control of cell proliferation and death. Accordingly, these genes become aberrantly activated and expressed in specific types of cancers. For example, c-Myc translocations occur frequently in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gostissa M,Ranganath S,Bianco JM,Alt FW

更新日期：2009-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The central nervous system both influences and is influenced by the gastrointestinal system. Most research on this gut-brain connection has focused on how ascending signals from the gut and its microbiome alter brain function. Less attention has focused on how descending signals from the central nervous system alter g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Levinthal DJ,Strick PL

更新日期：2020-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Four new members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, referred to as fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs), have been identified by a combination of random cDNA sequencing, data base searches, and degenerate PCR. Pairwise comparisons between the four FHFs show between 58% and 71% amino acid seque...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smallwood PM,Munoz-Sanjuan I,Tong P,Macke JP,Hendry SH,Gilbert DJ,Copeland NG,Jenkins NA,Nathans J

更新日期：1996-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The high frequency, recent origin, and geographic distribution of the CCR5-Delta 32 deletion allele together indicate that it has been intensely selected in Europe. Although the allele confers resistance against HIV-1, HIV has not existed in the human population long enough to account for this selective pressure. The ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Galvani AP,Slatkin M

更新日期：2003-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of proenkephalin and [Met]enkephalin immunoreactivities in the bovine hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system was studied by use of specific antisera. Proenkephalin and [Met]enkephalin immunoreactivities were found in magnocellular neuronal cell bodies in the dorsal part of the supraoptic nuclei and in th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vanderhaeghen JJ,Lotstra F,Liston DR,Rossier J

更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many studies have demonstrated that the primary visual cortex contains multiple functional maps of visual properties (e.g., ocular dominance, orientation preference, and spatial-frequency preference), but as yet no consistent picture has emerged as to how these maps are related to one another. Three divergent, prior o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sirovich L,Uglesich R

更新日期：2004-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:From endonuclease EcoRI partial libraries of DNAs from mouse embryo and MOPC 141, a gamma 2b-producing myeloma, clones were isolated by using a DNA fragment carrying the gamma 2b constant (C) region gene as a hybridization probe. One clone from MOPC 141 contained a heavy chain variable (V) gene and the C gamma 2b gene...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Maki R,Traunecker A,Sakano H,Roeder W,Tonegawa S

更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:FtsZ, the ancestral homolog of eukaryotic tubulins, is a GTPase that assembles into a cytokinetic ring structure essential for cell division in prokaryotic cells. Similar to tubulin, purified FtsZ polymerizes into dynamic protofilaments in the presence of GTP; polymer assembly is accompanied by GTP hydrolysis. We used...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Margalit DN,Romberg L,Mets RB,Hebert AM,Mitchison TJ,Kirschner MW,RayChaudhuri D

更新日期：2004-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The amino acid sequence of blastokinin, also called uteroglobin, has been determined by a combined study of both the intact native molecule and the peptide fragments resulting from tryptic and chymotryptic digestions. Sequence analyses performed by automated methods and by sequential digestion with leucine aminopeptid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Popp RA,Foresman KR,Wise LD,Daniel JC Jr

更新日期：1978-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteriophage display of antibodies provides a method for the generation of immunological reagents against rare and uncharacterized antigens. To ascertain the usefulness of this approach for the characterization of inner-ear proteins, we produced a bacteriophage-displayed antibody-fragment library directed against pro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cyr JL,Hudspeth AJ

更新日期：2000-02-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Rat liver membrane adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) that has been stimulated more than 10-fold by cholera toxin (choleragen) has a 3-fold greater sensitivity to stimulation by glucagon. Choleragen similarly increases the sensitivity of cyclase to other peptide (ACTH, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) and nonpeptide (ca...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bennett V,O'Keefe E,Cuatrecasaş P

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Break-induced replication (BIR) refers to recombination-dependent DNA synthesis initiated from one end of a DNA double-strand break and can extend for more than 100 kb. BIR initiates by Rad51-catalyzed strand invasion, but the mechanism for DNA synthesis is not known. Here, we used BrdU incorporation to track DNA synt...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Donnianni RA,Symington LS

更新日期：2013-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Like protein enzymes, RNA enzymes (ribozymes) provide specific binding sites for their substrates. We now show that equilibrium dissociation constants for complexes between the Tetrahymena ribozyme and its RNA substrates and products can be directly measured by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels containing divalen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pyle AM,McSwiggen JA,Cech TR

更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00