Abstract:
:FtsEX is a bacterial ABC transporter that regulates the activity of periplasmic peptidoglycan amidases via its interaction with the murein hydrolase activator, EnvC. In Escherichia coli, FtsEX is required to separate daughter cells after cell division and for viability in low-osmolarity media. Both the ATPase activity of FtsEX and its periplasmic interaction with EnvC are required for amidase activation, but the process itself is poorly understood. Here we present the 2.1 Å structure of the FtsX periplasmic domain in complex with its periplasmic partner, EnvC. The EnvC-FtsX periplasmic domain complex has a 1-to-2 stoichiometry with two distinct FtsX-binding sites located within an antiparallel coiled coil domain of EnvC. Residues involved in amidase activation map to a previously identified groove in the EnvC LytM domain that is here found to be occluded by a "restraining arm" suggesting a self-inhibition mechanism. Mutational analysis, combined with bacterial two-hybrid screens and in vivo functional assays, verifies the FtsEX residues required for EnvC binding and experimentally test a proposed mechanism for amidase activation. We also define a predicted link between FtsEX and integrity of the outer membrane. Both the ATPase activity of FtsEX and its periplasmic interaction with EnvC are required for resistance to membrane-attacking antibiotics and detergents to which E. coli would usually be considered intrinsically resistant. These structural and functional data provide compelling mechanistic insight into FtsEX-mediated regulation of EnvC and its downstream control of periplasmic peptidoglycan amidases.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Cook J,Baverstock TC,McAndrew MBL,Stansfeld PJ,Roper DI,Crow Adoi
10.1073/pnas.2017134117subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-11-10 00:00:00pages
28355-28365issue
45eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
2017134117journal_volume
117pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Two genes encoding steroid 21-hydroxylase [21-OHase; steroid 21-monooxygenase; steroid, hydrogen-donor: oxygen oxidoreductase (21-hydroxylating); EC 1.14.99.10], a cytochrome P-450 enzyme, have been located within the HLA major histocompatibility complex. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-OHase deficiency is a ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.4.1089
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inability of adenovirus to infect primitive hematopoietic cells presents an obstacle to the use of adenovirus vectors for gene transfer to these cell types. Therefore, expanding the tropism of adenovirus vectors to unique cell surface antigens would be an important development for gene therapy protocols. In this s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.16.8855
更新日期:1999-08-03 00:00:00
abstract::mAbs against tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens have the potential to play a prominent role in cancer immunotherapy. However, it has not been possible to fully exploit the clinical utility of such antibodies primarily, because those of adequate affinity could be derived only from murine sources. To address this pr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.12.6953
更新日期:1999-06-08 00:00:00
abstract::The 1H NMR signal from oxymyoglobin, a low-concentration diamagnetic protein, is visible in myocardial tissue. The methyl group of the Val-E11 resonates in a clear spectral region at -2.76 ppm and responds to dynamic changes in cellular oxygenation. With CO, the signal shifts to -2.4 ppm. The Val-E11 peak assignment a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.10.4731
更新日期:1992-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously identified and purified a cell surface glycoprotein from retina and brain, called neural cell adhesion molecule or N-CAM, that appears to be involved in neural cell--cell adhesion, the fasciculation of neurites, and the formation of normal tissue patterns in the retina. The present studies reveal th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.2.685
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of cytoplasm upon the expression of tumorigenicity was examined with a pair of mouse and a pair of Chinese hamster cell lines, in intraspecies cybrids formed by reciprocal fusions between either tumorigenic or nontumorigenic cells and cytoplasms derived from them. With the mouse cells, 3T3 and the simian vi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.5.2358
更新日期:1978-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report on the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and TNF-beta by mitogen-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes or enriched monocyte subpopulations from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-typed healthy subjects. The results indicate that HLA-DR2- and DQw1-positive donors frequently exhibit low production of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.3.1233
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have found that poly(L-lysine) can be a very effective agent in preventing the growth of Ehrlich ascites tumors in mice. When given optimal doses of poly(L-lysine) (Mr 60 x 10(3)) intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days, beginning on day 1 after inoculation with Ehrlich ascites cells. White Swiss mice show nearly ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.7.3246
更新日期:1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A patient with type II diabetes associated with hyperproinsulinemia has been shown to have a point mutation in one insulin gene allele, resulting in replacement of histidine with aspartic acid at position 10 of the B-chain. To investigate the basis of the proinsulin processing defect, we introduced an identical mutati...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.11.4107
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of tumor promoters on electrical coupling between human FL cells was investigated with a microelectrode technique. When a low concentration (100 ng/ml) of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) was added to culture medium, only 6% of the cells showed electrical coupling after 5 hr, whereas in control me...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.9.5628
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2005 four outstanding multiple burials were discovered near Eulau, Germany. The 4,600-year-old graves contained groups of adults and children buried facing each other. Skeletal and artifactual evidence and the simultaneous interment of the individuals suggest the supposed families fell victim to a violent event. In...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0807592105
更新日期:2008-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::3.L2 T cell receptor transgenic T cells are activated by the 64-76 peptide of the mouse hemoglobin d beta chain [Hb(64-76)], and their response is antagonized by the position 72 alanine substitution of this peptide (A72). To test the effect of this altered peptide ligand (APL) on 3.L2 T cell function in vivo, a transg...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.24.14332
更新日期:1998-11-24 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the importance of Mg(2+) for numerous cellular activities, the mechanisms underlying its import and homeostasis are poorly understood. The CorA family is ubiquitous and is primarily responsible for Mg(2+) transport. However, the key questions-such as, the ion selectivity, the transport pathway, and the gating ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1210076109
更新日期:2012-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::Broken-cell preparations of Salmonella typhimurium rapidly incorporated 75Se from 75SeO3(2-) into tRNA by an ATP-dependent process. Selenium incorporation in the presence of 50 microM 75SeO3(2-) (0.8-1 pmol per A260 unit) was enhanced by the selenocysteine precursor, O-acetyl-L-serine (to 3.7 pmol per A260 unit). This...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.16.6341
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased accumulation of lipofuscin in cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is seen in several forms of macular degeneration, a common cause of blindness in humans. A major fluorophore of lipofuscin is the toxic bis-retinoid, N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E). Previously, we generated mice with a kn...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.130110497
更新日期:2000-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::The ribonucleotide reductase system of Escherichia coli B participates in the biosynthesis of DNA by reducing ribonucleoside diphosphates to the corresponding deoxyribonucleotides. The enzyme is regulated in a complicated way by allosteric modifiers. We now find that infection of E. coli with the bacteriophage T4 resu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.62.3.829
更新日期:1969-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::[PSI+] is a genetic element in yeast for which a heritable change in phenotype appears to be caused by a heritable change in the conformational state of the Sup35 protein. The inheritance of [PSI+] and the physical state of Sup35 in vivo depend on the protein chaperone Hsp104 (heat shock protein 104). Although these o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.25.13932
更新日期:1997-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::Closed and pH-tight membrane vesicles prepared from hypocotyls of 5-day-old dark-grown seedlings of Cucurbita pepo accumulate the plant growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid along an imposed proton gradient (pH low outside, high inside). The use of electron paramagnetic spin probes permitted quantitation both of apparen...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.19.6541
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously identified two species of the low-affinity human Fc receptor for IgE, Fc epsilon RIIa and Fc epsilon RIIb, which differ only in a short stretch of amino acids at the N-terminal cytoplasmic end. Their differential expressions on B cells and monocytes suggest that Fc epsilon RIIa and Fc epsilon RIIb a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.11.5030
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cyclophilin (CyP) purified to homogeneity from the polycentric anaerobic rumen fungus Orpinomyces sp. strain PC-2 had a molecular mass of 20.5 kDa and a pI of 8.1. The protein catalyzed the isomerization of the prolyl peptide bond of N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-(cis,trans)-Pro-Phe p-nitroanilide with a kcat/Km value of 9.3 x...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.7.2587
更新日期:1995-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::The early reactions in the catabolism of quinic acid in Neurospora crassa are controlled by at least four genes which are clustered on linkage group VII. Three of the loci (qa-2, qa-4, and qa-3) encode enzymes that convert quinic acid to protocatechuic acid. The fourth gene (qa-1) encodes a positive regulatory protein...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.8.5086
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The MLL (mixed-lineage leukemia) gene is involved in many chromosomal translocations associated with acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemia. We previously identified a transcriptional repression domain in MLL, which contains a region with homology to DNA methyltransferase. In chromosomal translocations, the MLL repressio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1436338100
更新日期:2003-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::A 92-amino acid polypeptide, alpha-inhibin-92 (alpha-IB-92), has been isolated and characterized from human seminal plasma and found to be active in suppressing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release in vitro. In the present in vivo study, intravenous injection of synthetic alpha-IB-92 (4 and 20 micrograms) signif...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.1.289
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The HIV type 1 (HIV-1) virion infectivity factor (Vif) protein blocks the action of the host defense factor APOBEC3G in human cells, thereby allowing release of infectious virions, but fails to inhibit similar APOBEC3G proteins present in some simian cells. Conversely, the Vif protein encoded by the African green monk...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0307713101
更新日期:2004-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::The posteromedial barrel subfield of the somatosensory cortex of mice was examined histochemically for cytochrome oxidase activity (cytochrome c oxidase; ferrocytochrome c:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.9.3.1). In normal mice a high enzymatic activity was found within the barrel hollows, rather than in the sides and sept...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.4.2333
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate how cell population density influences the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP we have measured adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activities and cyclic AMP levels at various stages of cell density in normal rat-kidney (NRK) cells, which exhibit contact-inhibition of growth, and in...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.70.12.3802
更新日期:1973-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::ROOT MERISTEM GROWTH FACTOR (RGF) 1 is an important peptide hormone that regulates root growth. Upon binding to its receptor, RGFR1, RGF1 regulates the expression of two transcription factors, PLETHORA 1 and 2 (PLT1/2), to influence root meristem development. Here, we show that the ubiquitin-specific proteases UBP12 a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1714177115
更新日期:2018-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::Little is known about how genetic variation and epigenetic marks interact to shape differences in behavior. The foraging (for) gene regulates behavioral differences between the rover and sitter Drosophila melanogaster strains, but the molecular mechanisms through which it does so have remained elusive. We show that th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1710770114
更新日期:2017-11-21 00:00:00
abstract::In maturing T lineage cells, the helix-loop-helix protein E47 has been shown to enforce a critical proliferation and developmental checkpoint commonly referred to as beta selection. To examine how E47 regulates cellular expansion and developmental progression, we have used an E2A-deficient lymphoma cell line and DNA m...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0603728103
更新日期:2006-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::The mitogenic neuropeptides bombesin and vasopressin markedly increased tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of multiple substrates in quiescent Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, including two major bands of Mr 90,000 and 115,000. Tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins was increased as judged by immunoprecipitation of 32Pi-la...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.11.4577
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00