Abstract:
:Transgenic mice whose axons and Schwann cells express fluorescent chromophores enable new imaging techniques and augment concepts in developmental neurobiology. The utility of these tools in the study of traumatic nerve injury depends on employing nerve models that are amenable to microsurgical manipulation and gauging functional recovery. Motor recovery from sciatic nerve crush injury is studied here by evaluating motor endplates of the tibialis anterior muscle, which is innervated by the deep peroneal branch of the sciatic nerve. Following sciatic nerve crush, the deep surface of the tibialis anterior muscle is examined using whole mount confocal microscopy, and reinnervation is characterized by imaging fluorescent axons or Schwann cells (SCs). One week following sciatic crush injury, 100% of motor endplates are denervated with partial reinnervation at 2 weeks, hyperinnervation at 3 and 4 weeks, and restoration of a 1:1 axon to motor endplate relationship 6 weeks after injury. Walking track analysis reveals progressive recovery of sciatic nerve function by 6 weeks. SCs reveal reduced S100 expression within 2 weeks of denervation, correlating with regression to a more immature phenotype. Reinnervation of SCs restores S100 expression and a fully differentiated phenotype. Following denervation, there is altered morphology of circumscribed terminal Schwann cells demonstrating extensive process formation between adjacent motor endplates. The thin, uniformly innervated tibialis anterior muscle is well suited for studying motor reinnervation following sciatic nerve injury. Confocal microscopy may be performed coincident with other techniques of assessing nerve regeneration and functional recovery.
journal_name
Exp Neuroljournal_title
Experimental neurologyauthors
Magill CK,Tong A,Kawamura D,Hayashi A,Hunter DA,Parsadanian A,Mackinnon SE,Myckatyn TMdoi
10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.05.028subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-09-01 00:00:00pages
64-74issue
1eissn
0014-4886issn
1090-2430pii
S0014-4886(07)00214-2journal_volume
207pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Exosomes secreted by microglia have been found to play a role in neurovascular unit injury under the ischemic/hypoxic state. However, the modulatory effect of exosomes shuttled miRNAs produced by microglia in endothelial cells remains undefined. Here, an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model was constructed both in m...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113411
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been >20 years since studies first revealed that the brain is insulin sensitive, highlighted by the expression of insulin receptors in neurons and glia, the presence of circulating brain insulin, and even localized insulin production. Following these discoveries, evidence of decreased brain insulin receptor num...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.12.007
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptor antagonists were compared on audiogenic seizures in the rats neonatally exposed to propylthiouracil (PTU). The rats treated with 0.02% PTU through mother's milk during days 0-19 after delivery showed a high incidence of audiogenic seizures consisting of ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1998.6871
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared mitochondrial respiratory chain function, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity, and oxidative stress levels in muscle, myoblasts, fibroblasts and cybrids, from 12 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with 28 control samples. Mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities were normal in muscle, my...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.04.007
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cervical spinal cord injury leads to a disruption of bulbospinal innervation from medullary respiratory centers to phrenic motoneurons. Animal models utilizing cervical hemisection result in inhibition of ipsilateral phrenic nerve activity, leading to paralysis of the hemidiaphragm. We have previously demonstrated a r...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.2001.7682
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously demonstrated that systemic administration of testosterone propionate (TP) to adult hamsters accelerates the rate of facial nerve regeneration following crush axotomy of the facial nerve at its exit from the stylomastoid foramen. In this study, we utilized flutamide, a potent nonsteroidal antiandroge...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1995.1016
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclic nucleotides are thought to act as second messengers of neurotransmission inside central neurons, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) has been postulated to act as a messenger for muscarinic, cholinergic transmission. Nonetheless, the action of cGMP has not yet been established in identified cortical neuro...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(86)90054-3
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nerve injury frequently results in development of chronic, dysesthetic pain and allodynia (painful sensation in response to benign stimulation). Following nerve injury, spinal cord glia become activated and secrete a number of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), which exists as two genetically dist...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.03.022
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Altered activity in one of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia, the internal segment of the globus pallidus, is known to play an important role in the generation of parkinsonism. These inactivation studies tested the hypothesis that altered activity in the second major output nucleus of the basal ganglia, the subst...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.2000.7572
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The longitudinal distributions of both phrenic and medial gastrocnemius motoneurons were quantitatively studied in the cat spinal cord. Both populations of motoneurons were retrogradely labeled by applying horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to the cut central ends of the appropriate peripheral nerves. The longitudinal posit...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(84)90089-x
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intracerebral transplants of ventral mesencephalic (VM) tissue have been well characterized. VM grafts contain numerous tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons which send axons into the host brain. Transplanted neurons in VM grafts develop normally in that they contain tyrosine hydroxylase and GAP43. An overlooked...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1994.1144
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent in vitro studies have shown that the periventricular subependymal zone (SEZ) of the rodent brain is capable of de novo generation of neurons and glia. There is less information available on neurogenesis in the adult human brain, and no study has shown the clonal generation of neurons and glia from in vitro-gene...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1999.7028
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates is a heterogeneous organ system innervated to varying degrees by a local enteric neural network as well as extrinsic parasympathetic and sympathetic neural circuits located along the brainstem and spinal axis. This diverse organ system serves to regulate the secretory and prop...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113009
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anisotropy indices derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are being increasingly used as biomarkers of central WM structural maturation, myelination and even functional development. Our hypothesis was that the rate of functional changes in central WM tracts directly reflects rate of changes in structural developm...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.06.021
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The perirhinal cortex (PRh) has been suggested as a substrate for the expression of generalized clonic seizures in the late stages of kindling development (stages 4-5). Using the induction of Fos as a marker of neuronal activation, the PRh region was investigated after kindling or nonkindling electrical stimulation. N...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1998.6794
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synthesis of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is increased in lesioned peripheral nerves and it is thought that this may cause increased expression of galanin (GAL) in axotomized dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and also to promote axonal regeneration. We therefore compared effects of LIF and nerve growth factor (NGF...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.2001.7667
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Caloric restriction (CR) is a daily reduction of total caloric intake without a decrease in micronutrients or disproportionate reduction of any one dietary component. CR can increase lifespan reliably in a wide range of species and appears to counteract some aspects of the aging process throughout the body. The effect...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.01.016
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptic reorganization of mossy fibers following kainic acid (KA) administration has been reported to contribute to the formation of recurrent excitatory circuits, resulting in an epileptogenic state. It is unclear, however, whether KA-induced mossy fiber sprouting results from neuronal cell loss or the seizure activ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1999.7251
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-one-day-old Wistar rats were fed a diet containing 0.6% cuprizone for 2 weeks. Studies carried out after withdrawal of cuprizone showed histological evidences of marked demyelination in the corpus callosum. Biochemical studies of isolated myelin showed a marked decrease in myelin proteins, phospholipids, and ga...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.12.027
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electromyograms from the flexor and extensor muscles of normal human elbows were simultaneously recorded during maximal-effort isokinetic movement at 15 degrees/s over the joint's full range of motion. The antagonist electromyogram was normalized with respect to its electromyogram when acting as agonist at maximal eff...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(88)90032-5
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence indicates that protein aggregation and in particular the formation of toxic protein oligomers is a key mechanism in synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Post mortem brain tissue studies as well as animal studies furthermore suggest that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are also involved ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.10.010
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serial diffusion tensor imaging scans were collected at baseline and 1 year follow-up to investigate the neurodegenerative profile of white matter (WM) in seven individuals with the Huntington's Disease (HD) gene mutation and seven control subjects matched on age and gender. In the HD subjects, but not controls, a sig...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.12.026
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the major histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is redundant senile plaques mainly composed of beta-amyloid (Abeta) aggregates. Alternative cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), occurring in both normal and AD subjects, results in the generation and secretion of soluble APP (sAPP) a...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/s0014-4886(03)00027-x
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is the most common neurological disease of premature newborns. GMH causes neurological sequelae such as cerebral palsy, post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus, and mental retardation. Despite this, there is no standardized animal model of spontaneous GMH using newborn rats to depict the condit...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.04.003
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We administered tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA), a cholinesterase inhibitor, to rats with bilateral nucleus basalis magnocellularis lesions and measured their performance in a spatial learning task. The subjects, 34 male Fischer-344 rats, received bilateral excitotoxic NBM lesions; 10 other rats served as unlesioned con...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(90)90126-d
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemiparkinson-hemiatrophy syndrome (HP-HA) is associated with skeletal hemiatrophy and the later development of parkinsonism. It is generally assumed that this phenotype is due to the combination of dysfunction of the basal ganglia (e.g., substantia nigra compacta and/or other related structures), causing parkinsonism...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.2002.8005
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alpha-tyrosinated tubulin is a cytoskeletal protein that is involved in axonal growth and is considered a marker of neuronal plasticity in adult mammals. In adult rats, unilateral ablation of the left facial sensorimotor cortical areas induces degeneration of corticotrigeminal projections and marked denervation of the...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.05.010
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peripheral nerve regeneration was studied across a tubulated 10-mm gap in the rat sciatic nerve using histomorphometry and electrophysiological measurements of A-fiber, B-fiber, and C-fiber peaks of the evoked action potentials. Tubes fabricated from large-pore collagen (max. pore diameter, 22 nm), small-pore collagen...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1998.6955
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) sustained during peri-adolescent development produce lasting neuro-behavioral changes that render individuals at an increased risk for developing substance abuse disorders. Experimental and clinical evidence of a prolonged period of hypodopaminergia after TBI have been well documented, b...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.08.003
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::c-Fos protein-like immunoreactivity (IR) was investigated in the rat brain following an application of weak anodal direct current to the surface of the unilateral sensorimotor cortex in an attempt to elucidate the cellular and molecular bases of central plasticity. Anodal polarization resulted in a massive increase in...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1995.1004
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00