Abstract：
:It has been >20 years since studies first revealed that the brain is insulin sensitive, highlighted by the expression of insulin receptors in neurons and glia, the presence of circulating brain insulin, and even localized insulin production. Following these discoveries, evidence of decreased brain insulin receptor number and function was reported in both clinical samples and animal models of aging and Alzheimer's disease, setting the stage for the hypothesis that neuronal insulin resistance may underlie memory loss in these conditions. The development of therapeutic insulin delivery to the brain using intranasal insulin administration has been shown to improve aspects of memory or learning in both humans and animal models. However, whether this approach functions by compensating for poorly signaling insulin receptors, for reduced insulin levels in the brain, or for reduced trafficking of insulin into the brain remains unclear. Direct measures of insulin's impact on cellular physiology and metabolism in the brain have been sparse in models of Alzheimer's disease, and even fewer studies have analyzed these processes in the aged brain. Nevertheless, recent evidence supports the role of brain insulin as a mediator of glucose metabolism through several means, including altering glucose transporters. Here, we provide a review of contemporary literature on brain insulin resistance, highlight the rationale for improving memory function using intranasal insulin, and describe initial results from experiments using a molecular approach to more directly measure the impact of insulin receptor activation and signaling on glucose uptake in neurons.
journal_name
Exp Neuroljournal_title
Experimental neurologyauthors
Frazier HN,Ghoweri AO,Anderson KL,Lin RL,Porter NM,Thibault Odoi
10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.12.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-03-01 00:00:00pages
79-87eissn
0014-4886issn
1090-2430pii
S0014-4886(18)30581-8journal_volume
313pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The inferior colliculus was selected as a brain stem site for study of neural grafting and identification of calcium binding proteins. Unilateral ablation sites of eight midbrain inferior colliculus in adult Long-Evans rats were implanted with E17-18 caudal tectum. After 2 to 9 months animals were sacrificed and secti...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(92)90238-l
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Major practical constraints on neural grafting in Parkinson's disease are the shortage of human donor tissue and the great loss of dopamine neurons during the grafting procedure. The vast majority of implanted embryonic dopamine neurons are believed to die within a few days of transplantation surgery, at least in part...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.2000.7406
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four lectins (Abrus precatorius (APA), Maackia amurensis (MAA), Momordica charantia (MCA) and Sambucus nigra (SNA)) have been used to identify glycohistochemically the microglial cells (MGC) activation in autoptic brain samples from Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects. Three of these lectins (APA, MAA and MCA) have util...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1998.6862
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neglect is a clinical syndrome characterized by an inability to orient, report, or respond to novel or meaningful stimuli presented to one side of the body or in one hemispace. Neglect in humans and monkeys most often results from damage to one of several interconnected cortical areas, including limbic cortex. In rats...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(89)90132-5
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxidative stress can contribute to many neurological disease processes. Because many events known to involve oxidative stress (infection, hemorrhage, brain trauma) are accompanied by hydrocephalus, the present study sought to evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress and the progression of hydrocephalus. Assa...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1998.6969
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC) constitute a specialized population of glia that accompany primary olfactory axons and have been reported to facilitate axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury in vivo. In the present report we describe OEC neurotrophic factor expression and neurotrophic properties of OECs in vit...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-4886(02)00058-4
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Huntingtin is a cytoplasmic protein that is found in neurons and somatic cells. In patients with Huntington's disease (HD), the NH2-terminal region of huntingtin has an expanded polyglutamine tract. An abnormal protein interaction by mutant huntingtin has been proposed as a mechanism for HD pathogenesis. Huntingtin as...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1998.6832
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The monoclonal antibody Py has previously been shown to be a useful marker for subpopulations of neurons in the rat brain. However, the distribution of Py immunoreactivity in other regions of the CNS and PNS is not known. Here, we present a light and electron microscopic investigation into the distribution of Py immun...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1997.6509
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:l-DOPA therapy in Parkinson's disease often results in side effects such as l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Our previous studies demonstrated that defective desensitization of dopamine receptors caused by decreased expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) plays a role. Overexpression of GRK6, the isofo...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.02.008
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The astrocyte-endothelial cell interaction is crucial for normal brain homeostasis and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in pathological conditions. However, the mechanism by which astrocytes control BBB integrity, especially after traumatic brain injury (TBI), remains unclear. Here, we present evidence that astroc...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113044
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When antibodies specific to fast-twitch, slow-twitch, and slow-tonic myosins were used to stain the clasp muscle, m. sternoradialis, of Xenopus laevis, three predominant fiber types were identified in both males and females. Three fiber types can also be distinguished by the diameters and conduction velocities of thei...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(83)90414-4
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Decreased brain insulin signaling has been found recently in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Intranasal administration of insulin, which delivers the drug directly into the brain, improves memory and cognition in both animal studies and small clinical trials. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we treated ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.06.004
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regeneration in the peripheral nervous system offers unique opportunities and challenges to medicine. Compared to the central nervous system, peripheral axons can and do regenerate resulting in functional recovery, especially if the distance to target is short as in distal limb injuries. However, this regenerative cap...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.12.001
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurons lesioned in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) generally regenerate and survive, while neurons lesioned in the central nervous system (CNS) do not regenerate and often die. Investigators have traditionally compared the neuronal responses to PNS and CNS lesions in two separate populations of neurons. In this s...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1996.0060
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Modification of GABAergic inhibition is an intensely investigated hypothesis guiding research into mechanisms underlying temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Seizures can be initiated by blocking γ amino butyric acid type A (GABAA receptors, GABARs), which mediate fast synaptic inhibition in the brain, and controlled by drug...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.10.028
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure of the rodent striatum to quinolinic acid (QA, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist) induces immediate early gene (IEG; c-fos, c-jun, jun-B, zif/268) expression that may extend 12-24 h after injection. In order to determine the specificity of the prolonged IEG response to the QA injection, the temporal patte...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1997.6427
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to study the ocular dominance and responsiveness of cells in the deafferented visual cortex, the geniculate and the callosal inputs were interrupted in adult cats by either simultaneous (OTCCX) or separate surgical transection of the optic tract (OTX) and the posterior corpus callosum (CCX). Unit recording wa...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(88)90174-4
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Caloric restriction (CR) is a daily reduction of total caloric intake without a decrease in micronutrients or disproportionate reduction of any one dietary component. CR can increase lifespan reliably in a wide range of species and appears to counteract some aspects of the aging process throughout the body. The effect...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.01.016
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neonatal hypoxia ischemia (HI) is the main cause of newborn mortality and morbidity. Preclinical studies have shown that the immature rat brain is more resilient to HI injury, suggesting innate mechanisms of neuroprotection. During neonatal period brain metabolism experience changes that might greatly affect the outco...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113317
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paclitaxel is an effective chemotherapeutic agent that, despite its common use, often causes peripheral sensory neuropathy. In neurons, paclitaxel binds to and stabilizes microtubules, and through unknown mechanisms, bundles microtubules and disrupts their organization. Because microtubules serve as tracks on which a ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.06.023
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was performed to investigate the physicological properties of histaminergic neurons in intraocular hypothalamic transplants. Pieces of posterolateral hypothalamus containing the tuberomammillary nucleus were dissected from Embryonic Day 17 rat fetuses and transplanted into the anterior chamber of the eye of...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1995.1079
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cross-species transplantation of dopamine-releasing cell lines protected against immune rejection by a semi-permeable synthetic membrane may provide a source of neurotransmitters for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Experiments were carried out to assess whether polymer-encapsulated PC12 cells, a catecholaminergi...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(91)90093-r
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vanilloid receptor TRPV(1) is a key nociceptive molecule located in primary afferent nociceptive neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) for initiating neurogenic inflammation and pain. Our recent study demonstrates that up-regulation of TRPV(1) receptors by intradermal injection of capsaicin is modulated by activati...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.12.011
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The increasing demand on diagnostic assays that are sensitive and specific for pathogenic antibodies, and the interest in identifying new antigens, prompted the development of cell-based assays for the detection of autoantibodies in myasthenia gravis and other autoimmune disorders. Cell-based assays were initially use...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.01.011
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence that the amygdala may exert on the development of hippocampal kindling was investigated using three different approaches: (i) after uni- or bilateral amygdalectomy by thermocoagulation, (ii) after prestimulation of the amygdala until the appearance of masticatory movements, and (iii) after increasing the...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(83)90416-8
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously shown that lesions of the sensorimotor cortex induced by either thermocoagulation or aspiration produce different effects on axonal plasticity. We have now investigated whether these methods of lesion also influence the behavioral outcome. The behavioral effects of unilateral and bilateral lesions o...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1998.6893
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetically dystrophic chicks (line 413) were administered 0.3 mg/kg dexamethasone (DEX), a corticosteroid, from 2 to 28 days ex ovo. Diluent-injected dystrophic and normal (line 412) chicks served as controls. The effects of DEX on muscle function were evaluated weekly by the exhaustion score (ES) method. Proton magn...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(88)90096-9
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Frequency information of the environment is an important feature for sensory perception. It has been demonstrated that cortical and thalamic neurons exhibited frequency-specific responses to peripheral stimulation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 1-100 Hz peripheral electrical stimulations on vari...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.07.019
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The receptiveness of the brain to monocyte infiltration was studied in rats that had been injected intracerebrally with Corynebacterium parvum. At 0-17 days after intracerebral injection and 18 h after intravenous injection of diI-labeled isogenous mononuclear cells, host rats were sacrificed and cells from the vicini...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1997.6748
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Forebrain-bisected cats underwent kindling at primary and secondary amygdala sites. The behavioral effect of amygdala kindling was then examined according to the extent of the surgical lesion in the forebrain commissures. Bisection of the corpus callosum with or without lesion of the hippocampal commissure modified bo...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(87)90083-5
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
