Abstract:
:Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. The hallmark pathologic feature of PD is dopamine deficiency, caused by the degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Current treatments for PD mainly address the dopaminergic features of the disease; however they do not modify the progression of neurodegeneration. The need for newer and more effective agents is consequently receiving a great deal of attention. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophic factor family, can promote survival of injured dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons in the rodent. Postmortem studies have suggested that BDNF deficiency may play a role in PD pathogenesis. This is further supported by the finding that BDNF administration has a therapeutic effect in animal models of PD. Glatiramer acetate (GA) is a collection of synthetic polypeptides approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that peripheral GA administration can enhance central BDNF activity and augment neurogenesis. Furthermore, PD has been associated with an inflammatory process in the brain. Animal studies have demonstrated that GA administration has a central anti-inflammatory effect through the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. From the above evidence, GA could act as a potential therapeutic agent for PD by increasing central BDNF and by exerting an anti-inflammatory effect. With the recent finding that GA administration can prevent neuronal loss and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease double-transgenic mice, early GA treatment may also prevent neurodegeneration and manifestations of PD symptoms in subjects with familial Parkinson's disease.
journal_name
Med Hypothesesjournal_title
Medical hypothesesauthors
Tsai SJdoi
10.1016/j.mehy.2007.04.014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-01-01 00:00:00pages
1219-21issue
6eissn
0306-9877issn
1532-2777pii
S0306-9877(07)00294-0journal_volume
69pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Hemolysis-associated pulmonary hypertension (HA-PH) is a serious clinical complication of various hemolytic disorders, and pulmonary hypertension (PH) is considered the greatest risk factor for death in patients with a hemolytic disorder. It is now well established that hemolysis causes the release of soluble hemoglob...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2008.12.043
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maintaining a body temperature within a narrow range is vital for the survival of all mammals, including humans. With the help of optogenetics, a better understanding of the thermoregulatory organs and pathways is achieved. Optogenetic activation of the GABAergic neurons in the ventral part of the lateral preoptic nuc...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109704
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite aggressive intervention, patients who survive an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) generally have very poor prognoses, with nationwide survival rates of approximately 10-20%. Approximately 90% of survivors will have moderate to severe neurological injury ranging from moderate cognitive impairment to brain ...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2017.06.016
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major factor relating to the oversight of neurological dysfunction and seizures caused by magnesium (Mg++) depletion, involves the buffer functions of the skeletal system orchestrated primarily by the parathyroid. A Mg++ depleted subject may appear relatively asymptomatic until a short period after homeostatic respo...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(91)90067-9
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A hypothesis is presented concerning the origin of the action of muscles in the human and animal bodies It is advanced that muscle action originates with very rapid chemical reactions known as percussion reactions. These give rise to the temporary precipitation of solids in muscle cells. The accompanying volume change...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00149-4
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of the age distribution of cancers of the uterus reveals three clearly distinctive types: early- and late-onset cancers of the cervix and one form of cancer of the corpus. England and Wales mortality data are available for the three types combined from 1911; cancers of the cervix and corpus have been listed s...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(86)90086-1
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Close similarities in the courses of multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia laid the theoretical ground for attempting to find a common infectious aetiology for the two diseases. Chlamydia pneumoniae, which belongs to the rickettsial family of microorganisms has been linked to both diseases. It is postulated that since ...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2008.11.045
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1937, Drs. Moritz and Oldt described arteriolar injuries in the kidneys (and other viscera) in hypertension, across the age range, in both sexes, and, in different races. This hypothesis proposes that injuries to vasomotor nerves cause the arteriolar injury in the kidney in hypertension, (as well as that in the ute...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2017.12.025
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Incidental pituitary adenoma is the common finding during brain imaging. According to multistep model of pituitary tumourigenesis genetic alterations provide the initiating event that transforms cells while hormones play a role in promoting cell proliferation. Development of pituitary adenoma in a case of excessive hy...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.11.044
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::IGF-I acts on vascular endothelium to activate nitric oxide synthase, thereby promoting vascular health; there is reason to believe that this protection is especially crucial to the cerebral vasculature, helping to ward off thrombotic strokes. IGF-I may also promote the structural integrity of cerebral arteries, there...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00241-4
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interventions focusing on the prevention and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases are on rise. In the current article, we propose that dysfunction of the mesocortico-limbic reward system contributes to the emergence of the WHO-identified risk behaviors (tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and ha...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2016.02.020
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amino acid threonine contains two chiral carbons and thus can exist in four possible conformations. However, only a single conformation (2S, 3R) of threonine is incorporated in proteins by the cellular translation material. The conformation at the alpha carbon (carbon 2) is the same as that of the other amino acid...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1054/mehy.2000.1231
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dyslipidemia is a common pathology throughout the industrialized world, and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are often administered to treat elevated lipid levels. Substantial concern has been raised regarding the aggressive clinical lowering of cholesterol, particularly in light of a growing body of research li...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2016.10.018
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper discusses a mechanism for converting heterochromatin into the more relaxed state of euchromatin. Actuation of such state conversion stems from disassembly of internal vesicles that are incapable of surviving when trapped within the inner chamber of mammalian nuclei. ...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00233-5
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The paper proposes a mechanism for regulating nucleo-cytoplasmic exchanges of macromolecules via NPC in vertebrates. Bending of NE toward the transport vector significantly contributes to the dynamics. ...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1054/mehy.1998.0813
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the early postnatal period, intraventricular hemorrhage may develop in infants with extremely low birth weights due to hemodynamic instability. One of the most significant factors in intraventricular hemorrhage development is fluctuations in the cerebral blood flow due to left-to-right shunting as a result of paten...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2018.07.013
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is estimated that about 1 million patients are hospitalized for acute coronary events each years in the United States. An acceptable theory is that the acute coronary syndrome is caused by rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque with superimposed thrombus, which is a complex process and involving a number of differen...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2004.06.018
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In humans, the nasal retina projects to the contralateral hemisphere, whereas the temporal retina projects ipsilaterally. The nasotemporal line that divides the retina into crossed and uncrossed parts coincides with the vertical meridian through the fovea. This normal projection of the retina is severely altered in al...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2015.06.028
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The therapeutic efficacy of thalidomide in erythema nodosum leprosum suggests that thalidomide might play a useful therapeutic role in other human immune-complex diseases. Thalidomide has shown anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive actions in several animal models. Current evidence suggests that its rapid activity in...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(83)90009-9
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benign intracranial hypertension and communicating hydrocephalus are uncommon but important disorders that affect cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. They have clinical similarities but their management is usually different. The factors determining which of the two disorders will develop include brain compliance, the state ...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-9877(97)90081-5
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::High level contamination by natural and industrial sources of the alkali earth metal, barium (Ba) has been identified in the ecosystems/workplaces that are associated with high incidence clustering of multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurodegenerative diseases such as the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TS...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2003.12.034
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dream periods during sleep have been observed in most mammals as early in history as antiquity. Sleep researchers at the University of Chicago, discovered the phase of rapid eye movement (REM) during sleep and connected it to the dream period. During this period, called the REM phase (after the American terminology), ...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2019.03.027
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The constant level of various proteins including albumin and cellular components in intravascular pool in vivo is strictly controlled by an unknown homeostatic mechanism, although there are fluctuations seen in pathologic conditions. Because the majority of the IgG in the serum is regarded as self-reactive natural aut...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.04.011
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pars tuberalis is a distinct subdivision of the pituitary gland but its function remains poorly understood. Suprasellar tumors in this pars tuberalis region are frequently accompanied by hyperprolactinemia. As these tumors do not immunoreact for any of the established pituitary hormones, they are classified as non...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2008.08.030
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Many studies have investigated the cause for the development of AF, however, the question remains unanswered. METHODS:A comparison of hydrodynamics between AF and sinus rhythm was performed. RESULTS:I proposed the hypothesis that atrial fibril...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2015.11.028
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug biotransformations are controlled in the body by tissue-differentiated choice of a selection of the induced and constitutive 57 isoforms of the human cytochromes P450 (CYP). CYP are the mixed function oxidase enzyme family (EC 1.14.14.1: mono-oxygenases that contain iron-dependent protohaematin IX). Many of the m...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2004.10.010
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chloroquine is one of the antimalaria drugs, also used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although well tolerated in most individuals, it was suggested that chloroquine can exert a profound influence on renal function, especially in individuals with compromised body fluid status. How...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.06.012
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Meditation is a complex mental process involving changes in cognition, sensory perception, affect, hormones, and autonomic activity. Meditation has also become widely used in psychological and medical practices for stress management as well as a variety of physical and mental disorders. However, until now, there has b...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00175-0
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The etiology of drug-induced agranulocytosis is poorly understood. Many drugs that induce neutropenia or agranulocytosis can be metabolized to reactive intermediates that covalently bind to macromolecules. Until now, the myeloid precursor cell or an earlier committed progenitor cell has been favoured as the target for...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1054/mehy.1998.0734
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is sometimes asserted that UK science is thriving, at other times that it has declined. We suggest that both assertions are partly true because the UK is thriving with respect to the volume of 'normal' science production but at the same time declining in the highest level of 'revolutionary' science. Revolutionary s...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2007.12.004
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00