Abstract:
:In all three domains of life, DNA replication begins at specialized loci termed replication origins. In bacteria, replication initiates from a single, clearly defined site. In contrast, eukaryotic organisms exploit a multitude of replication origins, dividing their genomes into an array of short contiguous units. Recently, the multiple replication origin paradigm has also been demonstrated within the archaeal domain of life, with the discovery that the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus has three replication origins. However, the evolutionary mechanism driving the progression from single to multiple origin usage remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Aeropyrum pernix, a distant relative of Sulfolobus, has two origins. Comparison with the Sulfolobus origins provides evidence for evolution of replicon complexity by capture of extrachromosomal genetic elements. We additionally identify a previously unrecognized candidate archaeal initiator protein that is distantly related to eukaryotic Cdt1. Our data thus provide evidence that horizontal gene transfer, in addition to its well-established role in contributing to the information content of chromosomes, may fundamentally alter the manner in which the host chromosome is replicated.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Robinson NP,Bell SDdoi
10.1073/pnas.0700206104subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-04-03 00:00:00pages
5806-11issue
14eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
0700206104journal_volume
104pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Habitat loss and disease are main drivers of global amphibian declines, yet the interaction between them remains largely unexplored. Here we show that paradoxically, habitat loss is negatively associated with occurrence, prevalence, and infection intensity of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1014497108
更新日期:2011-06-14 00:00:00
abstract::Patterns of interacting amino acids are so preserved within protein families that the sole analysis of evolutionary comutations can identify pairs of contacting residues. It is also known that evolution conserves functional dynamics, i.e., the concerted motion or displacement of large protein regions or domains. Is it...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1712021114
更新日期:2017-12-12 00:00:00
abstract::The 369-residue glycoprotein D (gD) is the entry, receptor-binding protein of herpes simplex virus 1. The common receptors for viral entry are nectin-1, HveA, and a specific O-linked sulfated proteoglycan. The major receptor-binding sites of gD are at the N terminus, whereas the domain required for fusion of viral env...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0611565104
更新日期:2007-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::As an alternative pathway of controlled cell death, necroptosis can be triggered by tumor necrosis factor via the kinases RIPK1/RIPK3 and the effector protein mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). Upon activation, MLKL oligomerizes and integrates into the plasma membrane via its executioner domain. Here, we...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2017406117
更新日期:2020-12-29 00:00:00
abstract::A major protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase 1B) has been isolated in essentially homogeneous form from the soluble and particulate fractions of human placenta. Unexpectedly, partial amino acid sequences displayed no homology with the primary structures of the protein Ser/Thr phosphatases deduced from cDNA clones. How...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.19.7182
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Origins of DNA replication in Schizosaccharomyces pombe lack a specific consensus sequence analogous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) consensus, raising the question of how they are recognized by the replication machinery. Because all well characterized S. pombe origins are locat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0408811102
更新日期:2005-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::In an 1885 paper, E. Picard defined a subgroup Tau(Lambda) of PU(2,1) generated by monodromies and depending on parameters Lambda = (lambda(1),lambda(2),lambda(3),lambda(4)), 0 < lambda(i) < 1, < lambda(i) < 3, lambda(i) + lambda(j) >/= 1, 1 = i < j = 4. The family Tau(Lambda) resembles the family of groups Tau([u...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.10.5948
更新日期:1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The heme-copper oxygen reductases are redox-driven proton pumps. In the current work, the effects of mutations in a proposed exit pathway for pumped protons are examined in the ba(3)-type oxygen reductase from Thermus thermophilus, leading from the propionates of heme a(3) to the interface between subunits I and II. R...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1107345109
更新日期:2012-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::All organisms contain thioredoxin (TRX), a regulatory thiol:disulfide protein that reduces disulfide bonds in target proteins. Unlike animals and yeast, plants contain numerous TRXs for which no function has been assigned in vivo. Recent in vitro proteomic approaches have opened the way to the identification of >100 T...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0506880102
更新日期:2005-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::A transformation-defective mutant of Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV), called A-MuLV-P92td, has been isolated. The mutant encodes a serologically identifiable A-MuLV protein of molecular weight 92,000 (P92) but it lacks the ability to transform either fibroblasts or bone marrow lymphoid cells. In contrast to the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.8.4993
更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cholera and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are among the most common causes of acute infantile gastroenteritis globally. We previously developed a rice-based vaccine that expressed cholera toxin B subunit (MucoRice-CTB) and had the advantages of being cold chain-free and providing protection against cholera t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0914121107
更新日期:2010-05-11 00:00:00
abstract::The self-assembled heterocapsule 1.2, which is formed by the hydrogen bonds of tetra(4-pyridyl)-cavitand 1 and tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-cavitand 2, encapsulates 1 molecule of guests such as 1,4-diacetoxybenzene 3a, 1,4-diacetoxy-2,5-dimethylbenzene 3b, 1,4-diacetoxy-2,5-dialkoxybenzenes (3c, OCH(3); 3d, OC(2)H(5); 3e...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0812660106
更新日期:2009-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::A recent major conceptual advance has been the recognition of the importance of immune system-neuronal interactions in the modulation of brain function, one example of which is spinal pain processing in neuropathic states. Here, we report that in peripheral nerve-injured rats, the lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0610811104
更新日期:2007-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables the quantification of each gene's expression distribution across cells, thus allowing the assessment of the dispersion, nonzero fraction, and other aspects of its distribution beyond the mean. These statistical characterizations of the gene expression distribution are cri...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1721085115
更新日期:2018-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Absorbance changes in untreated intact leaf discs, produced upon excitation with high-intensity red light, were shown to be due to the photooxidation of cytochrome b-559. At low intensities (<100 W/m2), photooxidation was almost undetectable. Photooxidation occurred with a half-time of 4.3 sec and an extent of 0.64 mo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.23.9295
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Indirect reciprocity is a mechanism for cooperation based on shared moral systems and individual reputations. It assumes that members of a community routinely observe and assess each other and that they use this information to decide who is good or bad, and who deserves cooperation. When information is transmitted pub...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1810565115
更新日期:2018-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::Mast cells and nerve growth factor (NGF) have both been reported to be involved in neuroimmune interactions and tissue inflammation. In many peripheral tissues, mast cells interact with the innervating fibers. Changes in the behaviors of both of these elements occur after tissue injury/inflammation. As such conditions...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.9.3739
更新日期:1994-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::In the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between legume hosts and rhizobia, the bacteria are engulfed by a plant cell membrane to become intracellular organelles. In the model legume Medicago truncatula, internalization and differentiation of Sinorhizobium (also known as Ensifer) meliloti is a prerequisite for nitrogen fixati...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1500123112
更新日期:2015-12-08 00:00:00
abstract::CD83 is commonly known as a specific marker for mature dendritic cells. It has been shown to be important for CD4(+) T-cell development in the thymus. However, its function in the peripheral immune system remains enigmatic. Here, we show that CD83 inhibits proliferation and production of IL-2 and IFN-γ by T cells, and...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1018994108
更新日期:2011-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::During heat shock, structural changes in proteins and membranes may lead to cell death. While GroE and other chaperone proteins are involved in the prevention of stress-induced protein aggregation and in the recovery of protein structures, a mechanism for short-term membrane stabilization during stress remains to be e...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.6.2192
更新日期:1997-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro T-cell receptor-induced programmed cell death in both activated T cells from human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative (HIV-) donors and resting T cells from HIV+ donors was substantially influenced by cytokines. Addition of exogenous recombinant "type 1" lymphokines interferon gamma and interleukin 2 (IL-2),...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.25.11811
更新日期:1994-12-06 00:00:00
abstract::Steep topography, a tropical climate, and mafic lithologies contribute to efficient chemical weathering and carbon sequestration in the Southeast Asian islands. Ongoing arc-continent collision between the Sunda-Banda arc system and Australia has increased the area of subaerially exposed land in the region since the mi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2011033117
更新日期:2020-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::Previously we uncovered a critical role for norepinephrine and beta(1)-adrenergic signaling in hippocampus-dependent memory retrieval. Because the beta(1) receptor couples to G(s), we examine here whether cAMP is also required for contextual memory retrieval. Using pharmacologic and genetic approaches to manipulate cA...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0804172105
更新日期:2008-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::GTP-tubulin forms a cap on microtubule ends during aggregation. The bulk of the microtubule is GDP-tubulin. This complicates the usual simple kinetic theory of subunit exchange at microtubule ends to such an extent that Monte Carlo calculations are needed to handle the complications, except in special cases. The Monte...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.24.7520
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Saccharopolyspora erythraea makes erythromycin, an antibiotic commonly used in human medicine. Unusually, the erythromycin biosynthetic (ery) cluster lacks a pathway-specific regulatory gene. We isolated a transcriptional regulator of the ery biosynthetic genes from S. erythraea and found that this protein appears to ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0803622105
更新日期:2008-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::Prion disease is characterized by the alpha-->beta structural conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) into the misfolded and aggregated "scrapie" (PrP(Sc)) isoform. It has been speculated that methionine (Met) oxidation in PrP(C) may have a special role in this process, but has not been detailed and assigned...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0902688106
更新日期:2009-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::Muscular dystrophy is a general term encompassing muscle disorders that cause weakness and wasting, typically leading to premature death. Membrane instability, as a result of a genetic disruption within the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), is thought to induce myofiber degeneration, although the downstream mecha...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0906591106
更新日期:2009-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::We have identified, cultured, characterized, and propagated adult pluripotent stem cells (PSC) from a subset of human peripheral blood monocytes. These cells, which in appearance resemble fibroblasts, expand in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and display monocytic and hematopoietic stem cell marke...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0536882100
更新日期:2003-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::Uncouplers are molecules with protonophoric and ionophoric capabilities that mediate coupled cyclical transport of cations--a transport that takes precedence over all other coupled processes. Uncouplers form cation-containing complexes with electrogenic ionophores that potentiate cyclical transport of cations. The mol...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.6.2241
更新日期:1977-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several authors have considered Markov processes defined by the motion of a particle on a fixed line with a random velocity(1, 6, 8, 10) or a random diffusivity.(5, 12) A "random evolution" is a natural but apparently new generalization of this notion. In this note we hope to show that this concept leads to simple and...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.62.2.305
更新日期:1969-02-01 00:00:00