Abstract:
:GTP-tubulin forms a cap on microtubule ends during aggregation. The bulk of the microtubule is GDP-tubulin. This complicates the usual simple kinetic theory of subunit exchange at microtubule ends to such an extent that Monte Carlo calculations are needed to handle the complications, except in special cases. The Monte Carlo method is introduced here, for this problem, and illustrated with steady-state and transient examples. Monte Carlo transients are needed to simulate dilution experiments. Preliminary results (with M. F. Carlier) have been obtained applying these theoretical procedures to experimental data.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Chen Y,Hill TLdoi
10.1073/pnas.80.24.7520subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-12-01 00:00:00pages
7520-3issue
24eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
80pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a tumor suppressor syndrome characterized by benign tumors in multiple organs, including the brain and kidney. TSC-associated tumors exhibit hyperactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a direct inhibitor of autophagy. Autophagy can either promote or inhibit ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1104361108
更新日期:2011-07-26 00:00:00
abstract::Assembly of light-harvesting complexes requires synchronization of chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis with biogenesis of light-harvesting Chl a/b-binding proteins (LHCPs). The chloroplast signal recognition particle (cpSRP) pathway is responsible for transport of nucleus-encoded LHCPs in the stroma of the plastid and thei...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1719645115
更新日期:2018-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::It is shown that initiation of translation involves several steps. (i) Binding of fMet-tRNA(fMet) to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit in the absence of messenger RNA, yielding a 34S complex. This binding is rapid and dependent on initiation factor 2 but not on initiation factor 3. (ii) Binding of messenger RNA to t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.8.3199
更新日期:1974-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of gene interactions in the evolutionary process has long been controversial. Although some argue that they are not of importance, because most variation is additive, others claim that their effect in the long term can be substantial. Here, we focus on the long-term effects of genetic interactions under direc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1518830113
更新日期:2016-04-19 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the prevalence of transposable elements in the genomes of higher eukaryotes, what is virtually unknown is how they amplify to very high copy numbers without killing their host. Here, we report the discovery of rice strains where a miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (mPing) has amplified from approx...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0605421103
更新日期:2006-11-21 00:00:00
abstract::We have employed a combination of temperature-dependent UV absorption spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and batch calorimetry to characterize the binding of actinomycin D to a series of oligomeric DNA duplexes. We find the duplex [d(CGTCGACG)]2 to be unique in its ability to bind actinomycin D strongly despite the abs...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.11.3968
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ribonucleotide reductase provides deoxynucleotides for nuclear and mitochondrial (mt) DNA replication and repair. The mammalian enzyme consists of a catalytic (R1) and a radical-generating (R2 or p53R2) subunit. During S-phase, a R1/R2 complex is the major provider of deoxynucleotides. p53R2 is induced by p53 after DN...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0808198105
更新日期:2008-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::Werner syndrome and Bloom syndrome result from defects in the RecQ helicases Werner (WRN) and Bloom (BLM), respectively, and display premature aging phenotypes. Similarly, XFE progeroid syndrome results from defects in the ERCC1-XPF DNA repair endonuclease. To gain insight into the origin of cellular senescence and hu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1006338107
更新日期:2010-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::Many chemoattractants cause chemotaxis of leukocytes by stimulating a structurally distinct class of G protein-coupled receptors. To identify receptor functions required for chemotaxis, we studied chemotaxis in HEK293 cells transfected with receptors for nonchemokine ligands or for interleukin 8 (IL-8), a classical ch...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.26.14489
更新日期:1997-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::A number of extracellular stimuli, including soluble cytokines and insoluble matrix factors, are known to influence murine embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation behavioral responses via intracellular signaling pathways, but their net effects in combination are difficult to understand. To gain insight co...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0308768101
更新日期:2004-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::Normal mammary epithelial cells from BALB/cfC3H midpregnant mice were freed from stromal cell types by Percoll density gradient centrifugation after collagenase digestion and were then embedded within collagen gels. Sustained growth leading to an increase in cell number was accomplished in response to cholera toxin an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.4.2088
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is widely accepted that modern humans originated in sub-Saharan Africa approximately 150-200 thousand years ago (ka), but their route of dispersal across the currently hyperarid Sahara remains controversial. Given that the first modern humans north of the Sahara are found in the Levant approximately 120-90 ka, nort...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0804472105
更新日期:2008-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::Two-component histidine kinases recently have been found in eukaryotic organisms including fungi, slime molds, and plants. We describe the identification of a gene, COS1, from the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans by using a PCR-based screening strategy. The sequence of COS1 indicates that it encodes a homolog o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.7069
更新日期:1998-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::Magnetic ground states in solids often arise as a result of a delicate balance between competing factors. One currently active area of research in magnetic materials involves compounds in which long-range magnetic ordering at low temperatures is frustrated by the geometry of the crystalline lattice, a situation known ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0832394100
更新日期:2003-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::Translesion synthesis at replication-blocking lesions requires the induction of proteins that are controlled by the SOS system in Escherichia coli. Of the proteins identified so far, UmuD', UmuC, and RecA* were shown to facilitate replication across UV-light-induced lesions, yielding both error-free and mutagenic tran...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.22.13114
更新日期:1998-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::Targeted ablation of the surfactant protein D (SP-D) gene caused chronic inflammation, emphysema, and fibrosis in the lungs of SP-D (-/-) mice. Although lung morphology was unperturbed during the first 2 weeks of life, airspace enlargement was observed by 3 weeks and progressed with advancing age. Inflammation consist...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.100448997
更新日期:2000-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::A muscarone-binding material has been found in Torpedo electroplax. The material behaves in several ways as one would expect of the binding component of the acetylcholine receptor, especially in its high affinity for muscarone (approximate K = 7 x 10(-6)M), acetylcholine (approximate K = 1.1 x 10(-6)M), curare, and ni...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.63.2.496
更新日期:1969-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inactivating mutations in chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 (CHD7) cause CHARGE syndrome, a severe multiorgan system disorder of which Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is a minor feature. Recent reports have described predominantly missense CHD7 alleles in IGD patients, but it ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1417438111
更新日期:2014-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::Plasmonics now delivers sensors capable of detecting single molecules. The emission enhancements and nanometer-scale optical confinement achieved by these metallic nanostructures vastly increase spectroscopic sensitivity, enabling real-time tracking. However, the interaction of light with such nanostructures typically...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1914713117
更新日期:2020-02-04 00:00:00
abstract::Neonates suffer high morbidity and mortality in infection, presumably because of the lack of a fully developed adaptive and innate immune system. Evidence of poor innate responses in neonates has been shown by using a model that sensitizes the host to Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammation with d-galactosamine...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0800152105
更新日期:2008-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic polymorphism in the H-2:Qa:Tla region of chromosome 17 is associated with constitutive variation of bodily odor phenotypes which permit individual olfactory recognition among mice. To determine whether known genes in the H-2:Qa:Tla complex are concerned in the constitution of odor phenotypes, mice were tested ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.18.5685
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::With efforts underway to develop a preventive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine, it remains unclear which immune responses are sufficient to protect against infection and whether prior HIV-1 immunity can alter the subsequent course of HIV-1 infection. We investigated these issues in the context of a ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.9.3972
更新日期:1996-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::Disulfide bond formation is catalyzed in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. This process involves at least two proteins: DsbA and DsbB. Recent evidence suggests that DsbA, a soluble periplasmic protein directly catalyzes disulfide bond formation in proteins, whereas DsbB, an inner membrane protein, is involved in the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.21.9895
更新日期:1995-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown that the isometric tension of a fully calcium-activated skinned rabbit psoas muscle fiber is reversibly depressed by increased hydrostatic pressure. We report here the characterization of tension transients induced by a rapid (less than 1-ms) release of increased pressure at 12 degrees C. The ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.16.7323
更新日期:1991-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Methanogenic archaea are major contributors to the global carbon cycle and were long thought to belong exclusively to the euryarchaeal phylum. Discovery of the methanogenesis gene cluster methyl-coenzyme M reductase (Mcr) in the Bathyarchaeota, and thereafter the Verstraetearchaeota, led to a paradigm shift, pushing b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1815631116
更新日期:2019-03-12 00:00:00
abstract::The secreted nodulation-signaling protein NodO was purified from the supernatant of cultures of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae. The native protein has a M(r) of approximately 67,000, suggesting that it exists as a dimer since the DNA sequence predicts a M(r) of 30,002. Pure NodO protein had no protease, pectina...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.21.9990
更新日期:1994-10-11 00:00:00
abstract::To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation, Indonesia instituted a nationwide moratorium on new license areas ("concessions") for oil palm plantations, timber plantations, and logging activity on primary forests and peat lands after May 2011. Here we indirectly evaluate the effectiveness of this policy usin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1412514112
更新日期:2015-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::Despite their small size, some insects, such as crickets, can produce high amplitude mating songs by rubbing their wings together. By exploiting structural resonance for sound radiation, crickets broadcast species-specific songs at a sharply tuned frequency. Such songs enhance the range of signal transmission, contain...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1200192109
更新日期:2012-05-29 00:00:00
abstract::Transcription termination is a critical step in the control of gene expression. One of the major termination mechanisms is mediated by Rho factor that dissociates the complex mRNA-DNA-RNA polymerase upon binding with RNA polymerase. Rho promotes termination at the end of operons, but it can also terminate transcriptio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1811589116
更新日期:2019-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::A complex between soluble dextran and human hemoglobin has been synthesized by two different methods. In the alkylation method, hemoglobin was allowed to react with bromoacetyl groups incorporated into the dextran; the yield of the complex was about 80% in terms of the hemoglobin used. In the dialdehyde method, hemogl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.6.2128
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00