Dramatic amplification of a rice transposable element during recent domestication.

abstract：:Influenza virus infections cause a wide variety of outcomes, from mild disease to 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and ∼290,000 to 645,000 deaths annually worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying these disparate outcomes are currently unknown. Glycosylation within the human host plays a critical role in in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Heindel DW,Koppolu S,Zhang Y,Kasper B,Meche L,Vaiana CA,Bissel SJ,Carter CE,Kelvin AA,Elaish M,Lopez-Orozco J,Zhang B,Zhou B,Chou TW,Lashua L,Hobman TC,Ross TM,Ghedin E,Mahal LK

更新日期：2020-10-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Repeat proteins contain short, tandem arrays of simple structural motifs (20-40 aa). These stack together to form nonglobular structures that are stabilized by short-range interactions from residues close in primary sequence. Unlike globular proteins, they have few, if any, long-range nonlocal stabilizing interactions...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Javadi Y,Main ER

更新日期：2009-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Both ghrelin and somatostatin (SST) inhibit glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic β-cells, but how these independent actions are regulated has been unclear. The mechanism must accommodate noncanonical ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a)-G-protein coupling to Gα(i/o) instead of Gα(q11) and dependence on en...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park S,Jiang H,Zhang H,Smith RG

更新日期：2012-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:During early postnatal development, sensory regions of the brain undergo periods of heightened plasticity which sculpt neural networks and lay the foundation for adult sensory perception. Such critical periods were also postulated for learning and memory but remain elusive and poorly understood. Here, we present evide...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gao X,Castro-Gomez S,Grendel J,Graf S,Süsens U,Binkle L,Mensching D,Isbrandt D,Kuhl D,Ohana O

更新日期：2018-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D) are believed to be the result in part of inefficient negative selection of self-specific thymocytes. However, the events regulating thymic negative selection are not fully understood. In the current study, we demonstrate that nonobese diabetic (NOD) mic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wallet MA,Flores RR,Wang Y,Yi Z,Kroger CJ,Mathews CE,Earp HS,Matsushima G,Wang B,Tisch R

更新日期：2009-03-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular growth and differentiation factors induce changes in gene expression in the nucleus by initiating a series of protein associations that alter the subcellular localization of intracellular signaling proteins. Initial events involve receptor homo- or heterodimerization and subsequent recruitment of cytosol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Belshaw PJ,Ho SN,Crabtree GR,Schreiber SL

更新日期：1996-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Although many types of ancient bacteria and archea rely on hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) for their energy production, eukaryotes generate ATP in an oxygen-dependent fashion. We hypothesize that endogenous H(2)S remains a regulator of energy production in mammalian cells under stress conditions, which enables the body to co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fu M,Zhang W,Wu L,Yang G,Li H,Wang R

更新日期：2012-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Through use of a synthetic oligonucleotide probe, human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) cDNA clones were isolated from a liver library. Two types of cDNAs were defined by restriction enzyme analysis and DNA sequencing. Both encode IGF-I precursors of either 195 or 153 amino acids. The two predicted protein precur...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rotwein P

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diabetes is now the most common cause of progressive kidney failure leading to dialysis or transplantation. The central pathological feature of diabetic nephropathy is accumulation of extracellular matrix within the glomeruli. The factors in the diabetic milieu responsible for extracellular matrix accumulation are not...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamamoto T,Nakamura T,Noble NA,Ruoslahti E,Border WA

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Physiological and evolutionary adaptations operate at very different time scales. Nevertheless, there are reasons to believe there should be a strong relationship between the two, as together they modify the phenotype. Physiological adaptations change phenotype by altering certain microscopic parameters; evolutionary ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Milo R,Hou JH,Springer M,Brenner MP,Kirschner MW

更新日期：2007-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Chromatin boundaries or insulators modulate enhancer-promoter interactions in complex genetic loci. However, the mechanism underlying insulator activity is not known. Previous studies showed that the activity of the Drosophila suHw insulator is abolished by the tandem arrangement (pairing) of the insulator elements, s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Majumder P,Cai HN

更新日期：2003-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The transcription of genes encoding gluconeogenic enzymes is tightly regulated during the perinatal period. These genes are induced by glucagon (cAMP) and glucocorticoids and repressed by insulin. To address the role of cAMP and glucocorticoids in the physiological activation of genes encoding gluconeogenic enzymes in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Montoliu L,Blendy JA,Cole TJ,Schütz G

更新日期：1995-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common and lethal genetic muscle disorder, caused by recessive mutations in the dystrophin gene. One of every 3,500 males suffers from DMD, yet no treatment is currently available. Genetic therapeutic approaches, using primarily myoblast transplantation and adenovirus-medi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang B,Li J,Xiao X

更新日期：2000-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Tibetans have adapted to the chronic hypoxia of high altitude and display a distinctive suite of physiologic adaptations, including augmented hypoxic ventilatory response and resistance to pulmonary hypertension. Genome-wide studies have consistently identified compelling genetic signatures of natural selection in two...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Song D,Navalsky BE,Guan W,Ingersoll C,Wang T,Loro E,Eeles L,Matchett KB,Percy MJ,Walsby-Tickle J,McCullagh JSO,Medina RJ,Khurana TS,Bigham AW,Lappin TR,Lee FS

更新日期：2020-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Medical castration that interferes with androgen receptor (AR) function is the principal treatment for advanced prostate cancer. However, clinical progression is universal, and tumors with AR-independent resistance mechanisms appear to be increasing in frequency. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop new tr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sehrawat A,Gao L,Wang Y,Bankhead A 3rd,McWeeney SK,King CJ,Schwartzman J,Urrutia J,Bisson WH,Coleman DJ,Joshi SK,Kim DH,Sampson DA,Weinmann S,Kallakury BVS,Berry DL,Haque R,Van Den Eeden SK,Sharma S,Bearss J,Beer

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Hawaiian Islands are renowned for some of the most spectacular species radiations in the world. Most of these radiations have been attributed to single colonization events, although the evidence supporting monophyletic origins is often poorly resolved and/or ambiguous. Without a concrete understanding of the origi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gillespie RG,Croom HB,Palumbi SR

更新日期：1994-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Transposable elements make up half of the mammalian genome. One of the most abundant is the short interspersed nuclear element (SINE). Among their million copies, B2 accounts for ∼350,000 in the mouse genome and has garnered special interest because of emerging roles in epigenetic regulation. Our recent work demonstra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hernandez AJ,Zovoilis A,Cifuentes-Rojas C,Han L,Bujisic B,Lee JT

更新日期：2020-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Rat, but not human, erythrocytes undergo fusion promoted by the membrane-mobility agent 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethyl cis-8-(2-octylcyclopropyl)octanoate (A2C). The difference in behavior is correlated with rat erythrocyte membrane protein degradation caused by Ca2+-activated proteases. The human erythrocyte is deficient ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kosower NS,Glaser T,Kosower EM

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A mouse with a variant hemoglobin was discovered during electrophoretic screening of (C57BL/6J X DBA/2J)F1 progeny of females treated with ethylnitrosourea. The variant trait was transmitted as a simple Mendelian alternate at the Hbb locus in all crosses except those involving the original carrier of the mutation. The...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lewis SE,Johnson FM,Skow LC,Popp D,Barnett LB,Popp RA

更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human infants are predisposed to rapidly acquire their native language. The nature of these predispositions is poorly understood, but is crucial to our understanding of how infants unpack their speech input to recover the fundamental word-like units, assign them referential roles, and acquire the rules that govern the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shukla M,White KS,Aslin RN

更新日期：2011-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:High-affinity ligands of the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were isolated by the SELEX procedure (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) from RNA populations randomized at 32 positions. Analysis of these ligands revealed a pseudoknot consensus with primary sequ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tuerk C,MacDougal S,Gold L

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A bone-resorbing factor, comparable to the osteoclast-activating factor (OAF) produced from peripheral blood leukocytes, is shown to be produced by murine spleen cells activated with the T-cell mitogen Con A. Murine OAF is demonstrated here as being a product of the interaction between thymus-derived T lymphocytes and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Horowitz M,Vignery A,Gershon RK,Baron R

更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Type IV pili of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the Gram-negative etiologic agent of gonorrhea, facilitate colonization of the human host. Gonococcal PilT, a protein belonging to a large family of molecules sharing a highly conserved nucleotide binding domain motif, has been shown to be dispensable for organelle biogenesis but...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wolfgang M,Park HS,Hayes SF,van Putten JP,Koomey M

更新日期：1998-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Sepiapterin reductase (7,8-dihydrobiopterin: NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.153) catalyzes the terminal step in the biosynthetic pathway for tetrahydrobiopterin, the cofactor necessary for aromatic amino acid hydroxylation. We report here the isolation of a cDNA clone for rat liver sepiapterin reductase. The cDNA has ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Citron BA,Milstien S,Gutierrez JC,Levine RA,Yanak BL,Kaufman S

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The total sequence of 365 amino acid residues in bovine prochymosin is presented. Alignment with the amino acid sequence of porcine pepsinogen shows that 204 amino acid residues are common to the two zymogens. Further comparison and alignment with the amino acid sequence of penicillopepsin shows that 66 residues are l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Foltmann B,Pedersen VB,Jacobsen H,Kauffman D,Wybrandt G

更新日期：1977-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molybdate- and ATP-dependent in vitro synthesis of the iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo-co) of nitrogenase requires the protein products of at least the nifB, nifN, and nifE genes. Extracts of FeMo-co-negative mutants of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Azotobacter vinelandii with lesions in different genes can be complemented...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shah VK,Imperial J,Ugalde RA,Ludden PW,Brill WJ

更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The heat shock protein (Hsp)70 family of molecular chaperones interacts with unfolded proteins through a C-terminal substrate-binding domain (SBD) that is controlled by nucleotide binding to the N-terminal domain. The ATPase cycle is regulated by cochaperones, including DnaJ proteins that accelerate ATP hydrolysis to ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Awad W,Estrada I,Shen Y,Hendershot LM

更新日期：2008-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Ca2+ is a powerful inhibitor (Ki is congruent to 16 muM) of basal and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-stimulated adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing); EC 4.6.1.1] activity in membranes obtained from homogenized human platelets. Ca2+ (but not the ionophore A23,187) decreased V(max) of the reaction without an ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rodan GA,Feinstein MB

更新日期：1976-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Combinations of low dosages of purified murine hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)--L-cell CSF type 1 (CSF-1), recombinant interleukin 3 (IL-3), and recombinant granulocyte/macrophage CSF (GM-CSF)--were compared with single CSFs for their influence on the cycling rates and numbers of bone marrow granulocyt...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Broxmeyer HE,Williams DE,Hangoc G,Cooper S,Gillis S,Shadduck RK,Bicknell DC

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When an algorithm in dimension one is extended to dimension d, in nearly every case its computational cost is taken to the power d. This fundamental difficulty is the single greatest impediment to solving many important problems and has been dubbed the curse of dimensionality. For numerical analysis in dimension d, we...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Beylkin G,Mohlenkamp MJ

更新日期：2002-08-06 00:00:00