Quantification of actinide alpha-radiation damage in minerals and ceramics.

abstract：:The origin of mutations is central to understanding evolution and of key relevance to health. Variation occurs non-randomly across the genome, and mechanisms for this remain to be defined. Here we report that the 5' ends of Okazaki fragments have significantly increased levels of nucleotide substitution, indicating a ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Reijns MAM,Kemp H,Ding J,de Procé SM,Jackson AP,Taylor MS

更新日期：2015-02-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The retinoblastoma tumour-suppressor protein Rb inhibits cell proliferation by repressing a subset of genes that are controlled by the E2F family of transcription factors and which are involved in progression from the G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. Rb, which is recruited to target promoters by E2F1, represses tr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Magnaghi-Jaulin L,Groisman R,Naguibneva I,Robin P,Lorain S,Le Villain JP,Troalen F,Trouche D,Harel-Bellan A

更新日期：1998-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Ubiquitin (Ub) has important roles in a wide range of intracellular signalling pathways. In the conventional view, ubiquitin alters the signalling activity of the target protein through covalent modification, but accumulating evidence points to the emerging role of non-covalent interaction between ubiquitin and the ta...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Peisley A,Wu B,Xu H,Chen ZJ,Hur S

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T cells bearing the alpha beta receptor can specifically react with target cells coated with staphylococcal enterotoxin and expressing major histocompatibility complex class II molecules; these responses depend on which variable region (V) of the receptor's beta-subunit is used. We have now examined whether a similar ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rust CJ,Verreck F,Vietor H,Koning F

更新日期：1990-08-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of ions on the light-sensitive current of retinal rods was studied by sucking the inner segment into a tightly fitting capillary with the outer segment projecting into a flowing solution. This new method showed that the light-sensitive pathway, in which Na+ is the normal carrier of current, has an ionic sel...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yau KW,McNaughton PA,Hodgkin AL

更新日期：1981-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Deaf children whose access to usable conventional linguistic input, signed or spoken, is severely limited nevertheless use gesture to communicate. These gestures resemble natural language in that they are structured at the level both of sentence and of word. Although the inclination to use gesture may be traceable to ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Goldin-Meadow S,Mylander C

更新日期：1998-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The violation of a Bell inequality is an experimental observation that forces the abandonment of a local realistic viewpoint--namely, one in which physical properties are (probabilistically) defined before and independently of measurement, and in which no physical influence can propagate faster than the speed of light...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Giustina M,Mech A,Ramelow S,Wittmann B,Kofler J,Beyer J,Lita A,Calkins B,Gerrits T,Nam SW,Ursin R,Zeilinger A

更新日期：2013-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Theory predicts that sexual behaviour in animals can evolve rapidly, accelerating the rate of species formation. Here we estimate the rate of speciation in Laupala, a group of forest-dwelling Hawaiian crickets that is characterized primarily through differences in male courtship song. We find that Laupala has the high...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mendelson TC,Shaw KL

更新日期：2005-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell signalling through Frizzled receptors has evolved to considerable complexity within the metazoans. The Frizzled-dependent signalling cascade comprises several branches, whose differential activation depends on specific Wnt ligands, Frizzled receptor isoforms and the cellular context. In Xenopus laevis embryos, th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Winklbauer R,Medina A,Swain RK,Steinbeisser H

更新日期：2001-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The hope that hybridoma antibodies would reveal unique cell surface antigens during embryogenesis, differentiation and oncogenesis has been replaced by the realization that such antigens are mainly carbohydrate structures of glycoproteins and glycolipids occurring in many cell types. These findings either may reflect ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Feizi T

更新日期：1985-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of the actin-based motility of the intracellular pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri have provided important insight into the events occurring at the leading edges of motile cells. Like the bacteria Listeria and Shigella, vaccinia virus, a relative of the causative agent of smallpox, uses ac...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Frischknecht F,Moreau V,Röttger S,Gonfloni S,Reckmann I,Superti-Furga G,Way M

更新日期：1999-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Aneuploidy, referring here to genome contents characterized by abnormal numbers of chromosomes, has been associated with developmental defects, cancer and adaptive evolution in experimental organisms. However, it remains unresolved how aneuploidy impacts gene expression and whether aneuploidy could directly bring abou...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pavelka N,Rancati G,Zhu J,Bradford WD,Saraf A,Florens L,Sanderson BW,Hattem GL,Li R

更新日期：2010-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Enveloped viruses have evolved complex glycoprotein machinery that drives the fusion of viral and cellular membranes, permitting entry of the viral genome into the cell. For the paramyxoviruses, the fusion (F) protein catalyses this membrane merger and entry step, and it has been postulated that the F protein undergoe...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yin HS,Wen X,Paterson RG,Lamb RA,Jardetzky TS

更新日期：2006-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:(S)-2-hydroxypropylphosphonate ((S)-2-HPP) epoxidase (HppE) is a mononuclear non-haem-iron-dependent enzyme responsible for the final step in the biosynthesis of the clinically useful antibiotic fosfomycin. Enzymes of this class typically catalyse oxygenation reactions that proceed via the formation of substrate radic...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chang WC,Dey M,Liu P,Mansoorabadi SO,Moon SJ,Zhao ZK,Drennan CL,Liu HW

更新日期：2013-04-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Brevetoxin A is the most potent neurotoxin secreted by Gymnodinium breve Davis, a marine organism often associated with harmful algal blooms known as 'red tides'. The compound, whose mechanism of action involves binding to and opening of sodium channels, is sufficiently toxic to kill fish at concentrations of nanogram...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nicolaou KC,Yang Z,Shi G,Gunzner JL,Agrios KA,Gärtner P

更新日期：1998-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Fungi are the principal degraders of biomass in terrestrial ecosystems and establish important interactions with plants and animals. However, our current understanding of fungal evolutionary diversity is incomplete and is based upon species amenable to growth in culture. These culturable fungi are typically yeast or f...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jones MD,Forn I,Gadelha C,Egan MJ,Bass D,Massana R,Richards TA

更新日期：2011-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Spontaneous type 1 diabetes occurs when the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-islet cells prevents production of the hormone insulin. This causes an inability to regulate glucose metabolism, which results in dangerously raised blood glucose concentrations. It is generally accepted that thymus-derived lymphocyt...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wilson DB

更新日期：2005-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Crohn's disease is a debilitating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can involve the entire digestive tract. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) encoding a missense variant in the autophagy gene ATG16L1 (rs2241880, Thr300Ala) is strongly associated with the incidence of Crohn's disease. Numerous studies have dem...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Murthy A,Li Y,Peng I,Reichelt M,Katakam AK,Noubade R,Roose-Girma M,DeVoss J,Diehl L,Graham RR,van Lookeren Campagne M

更新日期：2014-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:For many pathogens the availability of genome sequence, permitting genome-dependent methods of research, can partially substitute for powerful forward genetic methods (genome-independent) that have advanced model organism research for decades. In 2002 the genome sequence of Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite causing ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Winzeler EA

更新日期：2008-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) detect and destroy cells displaying class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) that present oligopeptides derived from aberrant self or foreign proteins. Most class I peptide ligands are created from proteins that are degraded by proteasomes and transported, by the t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hanada K,Yewdell JW,Yang JC

更新日期：2004-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease is characterized by loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra1. Similar to other major neurodegenerative disorders, there are no disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson's disease. While most treatment strategies aim to prevent neuronal loss or protect vulnerable neuronal circuits, a poten...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Qian H,Kang X,Hu J,Zhang D,Liang Z,Meng F,Zhang X,Xue Y,Maimon R,Dowdy SF,Devaraj NK,Zhou Z,Mobley WC,Cleveland DW,Fu XD

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:All forms of locomotion are repetitive motor activities that require coordinated bilateral activation of muscles. The executive elements of locomotor control are networks of spinal neurons that determine gait pattern through the sequential activation of motor-neuron pools on either side of the body axis. However, litt...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Talpalar AE,Bouvier J,Borgius L,Fortin G,Pierani A,Kiehn O

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adenylyl cyclase is the prototypical second messenger generator. Nearly all of the eight cloned adenylyl cyclases are regulated by one or other arm of the phospholipase C pathway. Functional and ultrastructural investigations have shown that adenylyl cyclases are intimately associated with sites of calcium ion entry i...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cooper DM,Mons N,Karpen JW

更新日期：1995-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In the HTML version of this Letter, the affiliations for authors Andrew S. Azman, Dhirendra Kumar and Thandavarayan Ramamurthy were inverted (the PDF and print versions of the Letter were correct); the affiliations have been corrected online. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Weill FX,Domman D,Njamkepo E,Almesbahi AA,Naji M,Nasher SS,Rakesh A,Assiri AM,Sharma NC,Kariuki S,Pourshafie MR,Rauzier J,Abubakar A,Carter JY,Wamala JF,Seguin C,Bouchier C,Malliavin T,Bakhshi B,Abulmaali HHN,Kuma

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Kalka is one of about 14 major layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions forming the Giles Complex in central Australia1. The stratigraphical section of the Kalka Intrusion passes from a basal pyroxenite zone (450 + m) through norite and olivine gabbro zones (3,500 m) to an uppermost anorthosite zone (800 + m)2. Further res...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gray CM,Goode ADT

更新日期：1981-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA ligases have essential roles in many cellular processes in eukaryotes, archaea and bacteria, including in RNA repair and stress-induced splicing of messenger RNA. In archaea and eukaryotes, RNA ligases also have a role in transfer RNA splicing to generate functional tRNAs required for protein synthesis. We recentl...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Popow J,Jurkin J,Schleiffer A,Martinez J

更新日期：2014-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:X chromosomes evolve differently from autosomes, but general governing principles have not emerged. For example, genes with male-biased expression are under-represented on the X chromosome of D. melanogaster, but are randomly distributed in the genome of Anopheles gambiae. In direct global profiling experiments using ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sturgill D,Zhang Y,Parisi M,Oliver B

更新日期：2007-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Do biological motors move with regular steps? To address this question, we constructed instrumentation with the spatial and temporal sensitivity to resolve movement on a molecular scale. We deposited silica beads carrying single molecules of the motor protein kinesin on microtubules using optical tweezers and analysed...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Svoboda K,Schmidt CF,Schnapp BJ,Block SM

更新日期：1993-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Decision making in an uncertain environment poses a conflict between the opposing demands of gathering and exploiting information. In a classic illustration of this 'exploration-exploitation' dilemma, a gambler choosing between multiple slot machines balances the desire to select what seems, on the basis of accumulate...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Daw ND,O'Doherty JP,Dayan P,Seymour B,Dolan RJ

更新日期：2006-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Many cellular functions involve multi-domain proteins, which are composed of structurally independent modules connected by flexible linkers. Although it is often well understood how a given domain recognizes a cognate oligonucleotide or peptide motif, the dynamic interaction of multiple domains in the recognition of t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mackereth CD,Madl T,Bonnal S,Simon B,Zanier K,Gasch A,Rybin V,Valcárcel J,Sattler M

更新日期：2011-07-13 00:00:00