Infertility and the environment: the medical context.

abstract：:Despite the critical role the placenta plays in governing the outcome of pregnancy, a great deal remains to be learned about this transient organ. Several factors have contributed to our relative lack of knowledge. For example, most of the placenta's development, which precedes that of the embryo or fetus, occurs duri...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Fisher SJ

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As fertility rates among women of advanced reproductive age have steadily increased, so has the utilization of fertility services. National health policies provide infertility treatment coverage in several developed countries; however, in the United States infertility treatment is largely privately funded, resulting i...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Levens ED,Richter KS,Levy MJ

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Old World monkeys display physiological responses to steroid hormones that are similar to those of women. In this review, we describe cyclic morphological changes that take place within the uterus of Old World primates during the menstrual cycle. In primates, estrogen stimulates endometrial growth in the follicular ph...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Slayden OD

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Susceptibility to disease begins during fetal life, and adverse events in utero are a critical factor in determining quality of life and overall health. In fact, up to 50% of metabolic syndrome diseases can be attributed to an adverse in utero environment. However, the mechanisms linking impaired fetal development to ...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Sohi G,Revesz A,Hardy DB

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aging has dramatic effects on the reproductive system in women. Undoubtedly, the most notable changes in the neuroendocrine axis arise from the loss of ovarian function, and thus, the loss of negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary. Progressive decreases in inhibin B and inhibin A result in an early increa...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Hall JE

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Estrogens are frequently used in reproductive medicine. The Women's Health Initiative trial found that the risks of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) exceed the benefits. The estrogens in MHT, however, were introduced prior to our understanding of the mechanism of action of estrogens. Estrogen signaling is highly compl...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Leitman DC,Paruthiyil S,Yuan C,Herber CB,Olshansky M,Tagliaferri M,Cohen I,Speed TP

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Puberty is a fundamental developmental event in the lifespan of any individual, when sexual and somatic maturation is completed, and reproductive capacity is achieved. While the tempo of puberty is under strong genetic determination, it is also modulated by a wide array of internal and environmental cues, including, p...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Barroso A,Roa J,Tena-Sempere M

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Wnt signaling cascade is critically important in stem cell biology, both in homeostatic maintenance and repair and regeneration of tissues and organs, through their respective somatic stem cells (SSCs). However, aberrant Wnt signaling is associated with a wide array of tumor types and Wnt signaling is important in...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Kahn M

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As sperm traverse the female tract from vagina to oocyte, they experience a steroid milieu, which due to transcriptional inactivity, they can only respond to via non-genomic signaling. This environment mediates events including capacitation, changes in motility patterns, chemotaxis, and acrosome reaction. Current know...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Correia JN,Conner SJ,Kirkman-Brown JC

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gonadotropins cross the vascular endothelial barrier to reach their target organs. Hormone concentrations in blood are very low and fluctuate rapidly to give sharp biological effects. Nonspecific transendothelial transport mechanisms are slow and markedly concentration dependent. There is thus a need for specific tran...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Ghinea N,Milgrom E

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) administration for the induction of oocyte maturation during in vitro fertilization treatment is effective in the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). However, some studies have reported a lower ongoing pregnancy rate after GnRHa trigger. The excellent ...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Engmann L,Benadiva C

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is the most critical modulator of reproductive function. Genetic or environmental insults to the HPG axis during developmental windows can persist into adulthood, and processes such as gonadal hormone synthesis, timing of puberty, and fertility can be affected. At the leve...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Biehl MJ,Raetzman LT

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Minimally invasive gynecologic surgery is continuously pushing its limits by embracing ever more sophisticated technology. This is also true for reproductive surgery, arguably the birthplace of gynecologic endoscopy, where minimally invasive treatment of uterine, tubal, ovarian, and peritoneal pathology has long becom...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Gargiulo AR,Nezhat C

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chromosome abnormalities are extremely common in human oocytes and embryos and are associated with a variety of negative outcomes for both natural cycles and those using assisted conception techniques. Embryos containing the wrong number of chromosomes (aneuploidy) may fail to implant in the uterus, miscarry, or lead ...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Fragouli E,Wells D

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pregnancy results in major changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which in turn influence fetal growth and the timing of labor. From the beginning of the second trimester maternal cortisol secretion increases, and in late pregnancy the placenta, in large part mediated through corticotroph-releasing h...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Trainer PJ

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this article the role of LH receptor gene mutations in patients with aberrant sex differentiation is discussed. In a dominant autosomal familial form of precocious puberty in boys (familial male-limited precocious puberty) LH receptor gene mutations have been identified. These single amino acid changes, mostly foun...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Themmen AP,Verhoef-Post M

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The contribution of embryo cryopreservation to the birth rate per in vitro fertilization cycle has escalated from a rare subsidy to a vital tool that is called upon to augment the cycle outcome. Embryology laboratories must identify the embryo stage, quality criteria and methodology that will optimize their ability to...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Sparks AE

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) share a common receptor in gonadal cells; however, the presence of these receptors has also been detected in several nongonadal but reproduction-associated tissues of pig, human, and other species. There are no data about the ontogeny of the human LH/hCG ...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Ziecik AJ,Derecka K,Gawronska B,Stepien A,Bodek G

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aromatase p450 (p450arom) is the key enzyme for biosynthesis of estrogen, which is an essential hormone for the establishment and growth of endometriosis. There is no detectable aromatase enzyme activity in normal endometrium; therefore, estrogen is not locally produced in endometrium. Endometriosis tissue, however, c...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Bulun SE,Fang Z,Imir G,Gurates B,Tamura M,Yilmaz B,Langoi D,Amin S,Yang S,Deb S

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discrepancy between estrogen's beneficial cardiovascular effects found in animal studies and observational studies in women compared with the recently published randomized clinical trials have stimulated a great deal of controversy. Possibilities for the discrepancy include the age of the women, number of years po...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Wagner JD,Clarkson TB

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of glycerol to protect cells from freezing injury was discovered accidentally. The subsequent development of cryopreservation techniques has had a huge impact in many fields, most notably in reproductive medicine. Freezing injury has been shown to have two components, direct damage from the ice crystals an...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Pegg DE

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endometriosis is a common cause of infertility and disabling pelvic pain in reproductive age women. The most widely accepted theory of its pathogenesis is the retrograde flow of menstrual products, although extra-abdominal and extrapelvic diagnoses have been made. After the pelvic peritoneum and gynecologic structures...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Ajao MO,Einarsson JI

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complementary therapies and medicines are a broad and diverse range of treatments, and are frequently used by women and their partners during the preconception period to assist with infertility, and to address pregnancy-related conditions. Despite frequent use, the evidence examining the efficacy, effectiveness, and s...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Smith CA,Armour M,Ee C

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human uterus mainly consists of two layers: an inner endometrium and an outer layer, the myometrium, made of smooth muscle. The uterus is characterized by its unique capacity for regeneration. This capacity permits cyclical regeneration and remodeling of the tissue over the course of a woman's reproductive life. D...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Maruyama T,Ono M,Yoshimura Y

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pelvic pain, acute or chronic, accounts for more than 10% of referrals to gynecologists. Pain accounts for more than 40% of gynecologic diagnostic laparoscopies. Predicting operative findings is critical in planning surgical interventions, as well as preoperative and postoperative medical therapy. Ultrasound is useful...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Shwayder JM

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Successful in utero stem cell transplantations with hematopoietic or other stem cells should represent a major step forward in the management of patients with congenital, hematological, metabolic, and immunological disorders. The possibility of performing cell transplantations with stem cells across histoincompatibili...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Westgren M

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As the percentage of women serving in the active-duty military continues to grow, and as their roles continue to expand, the importance of monitoring reproductive health in the military community increases. The Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Research (BIHR) program conducts ongoing epidemiologic studies...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Khodr ZG,Bukowinski AT,Hall C,Gumbs GR,Wells NY,Conlin AMS

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro fertilization (IVF) with ovarian stimulation is an effective treatment for couples needing treatment with assisted reproductive technologies (ART) where polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is coexisting. However, it is also associated with an increased risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. In vitro maturati...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Reinblatt SL,Buckett W

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anejaculation within the context of a male infertility evaluation can be a distressing condition for patients. A variety of causes for anejaculation have been identified, and although the condition cannot be reversed, in many cases a minimally invasive treatment is feasible, allowing the patient to pursue his desire f...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Ohl DA,Quallich SA,Sønksen J,Brackett NL,Lynne CM

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity-related infertility is one of the most common problems of reproductive-age obese women who desire childbearing. The various types of bariatric surgeries have proved effective in controlling excessive weight gain, improving fertility, and preventing certain maternal and fetal complications in these women. This ...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Tan O,Carr BR

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00