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Roles of bHLH genes in neural stem cell differentiation.

Abstract：

:Neural stem cells change their characteristics over time during development: they initially proliferate only and then give rise to neurons first and glial cells later. In the absence of the repressor-type basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) genes Hes1, Hes3 and Hes5, neural stem cells do not proliferate sufficiently but prematurely differentiate into neurons and become depleted without making the later born cell types such as astrocytes and ependymal cells. Thus, Hes genes are essential for maintenance of neural stem cells to make cells not only in correct numbers but also in full diversity. Hes genes antagonize the activator-type bHLH genes, which include Mash1, Math and Neurogenin. The activator-type bHLH genes promote the neuronal fate determination and induce expression of Notch ligands such as Delta. These ligands activate Notch signaling and upregulate Hes1 and Hes5 expression in neighboring cells, thereby maintaining these cells undifferentiated. Thus, the activator-type and repressor-type bHLH genes regulate each other, allowing only subsets of cells to undergo differentiation while keeping others to stay neural stem cells. This regulation is essential for generation of complex brain structures of appropriate size, shape and cell arrangement.

journal_name

Exp Cell Res

journal_title

Experimental cell research

authors

Kageyama R,Ohtsuka T,Hatakeyama J,Ohsawa R

doi

10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.03.015

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2005-06-10 00:00:00

pages

343-8

issue

2

eissn

0014-4827

issn

1090-2422

pii

S0014-4827(05)00126-6

journal_volume

306

pub_type

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