Abstract：
:The effect of a treatment versus controls may be expressed in relative or absolute terms. For rational decision-making, absolute measures are more meaningful. The number needed to treat, the reciprocal of the absolute risk reduction, is a powerful estimate of the effect of a treatment. It is particularly useful because it takes into account the underlying risk (what would happen without the intervention?). The number needed to treat tells us not only whether a treatment works but how well it works. Thus, it informs health care professionals about the effort needed to achieve a particular outcome. A number needed to treat should be accompanied by information about the experimental intervention, the control intervention against which the experimental intervention has been tested, the length of the observation period, the underlying risk of the study population, and an exact definition of the endpoint. A 95% confidence interval around the point estimate should be calculated. An isolated number needed to treat is rarely appropriate to summarize the usefulness of an intervention; multiple numbers needed to treat for benefit and harm are more helpful. Absolute risk reduction and number needed to treat should become standard summary estimates in randomized controlled trials.
journal_name
World J Surgjournal_title
World journal of surgeryauthors
Tramèr MR,Walder Bdoi
10.1007/s00268-005-7916-8keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-05-01 00:00:00pages
576-81issue
5eissn
0364-2313issn
1432-2323journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Aerodigestive tract injuries in the neck are found in about 7% of penetrating neck injuries and are very rare in blunt trauma. A combination of a good physical examination with endoscopy and esophagography can reliably diagnose all significant injuries. Airway control in laryngotracheal trauma is the most urgent prior...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00268-001-0057-9
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Knowledge of how factors related to esophageal cancer resection affect long-term quality of life after surgery is scarce, and no population-based studies are available. Therefore, we conducted a Swedish nationwide, prospective, population-based study of how esophageal surgery-related factors influence quality of life ...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-005-7887-9
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The quality of surgical performance depends on the technical skills of the surgical team as well as on non-technical skills, including teamwork. The present study evaluated the impact of familiarity among members of the surgical team on morbidity in patients undergoing elective open abdominal surgery. METHO...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-014-2680-2
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The World Health Organization has a standardized tool to assess surgical capacity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but it is often resource- and time-intensive. There currently exists no simple, evidence-based measure of surgical capacity in these settings. The proportion of cesarean deliveries i...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-012-1794-7
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Surgical treatment of amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis (AAT) is effective although fewer than 100 cases have been reported world wide. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We reviewed 14 patients treated with total thyroidectomy by a single surgeon from 1998 to 2005. RESULTS:There were 11 male and 3 female patients w...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00268-005-0673-x
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of large series of melanoma patients indicated that the average incidence of developing a recurrence during follow-up was 40%. The most frequent first sites of these recurrences were the regional lymph nodes. We hypothesized that the sentinel node (SN) procedure may change the pattern of recurrence by reducing...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-002-6197-8
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The metabolic changes in cancer cachexia appear to be mediated by a complex network of proinflammatory cytokines, neuroendocrine hormones, neurotransmitters, eicosanoids, and tumor-derived factors produced by the body in response to the tumor and by the tumor itself. The relative importance of these various mediator p...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s002689910110
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To illustrate how the high incidence of arrow wounds provided a major stimulus for the development of surgery until a century ago, we conducted a literature search. Our research shows that archaic peoples developed considerable surgical skill for extraction of arrows, including thoracotomy and trephination. A classica...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-001-0168-3
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of laparoscopic surgery has provided minimally invasive surgeons with advanced laparoscopic instrumentation and high definition imaging. The resulting surgical expertise and technology has now been extended to gastric endoluminal surgery. Laboratory and clinical investigations have been initiated for v...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/pl00012311
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is widely used and may be performed as an ambulatory procedure. We undertook a randomized comparison of the benefits of intraperitoneal pethidine compared with intramuscular pethidine for postoperative analgesia following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A series of 100 consecutive American S...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00268-002-6339-z
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) have a high incidence of catheter-related sepsis, one of its major complications. The aim of this study was to correlate the length of remaining small bowel (RSB) with septic episodes related to the central venous catheter in a group o...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002680010274
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) the predictive value of technetium 99m sestamibi single emission computed tomography (Tc99m-MIBI-SPECT) for localizing pathological parathyroid glands before a first parathyroidectomy (PTx) is 83-100%. Data are scarce in patients undergoing reoperative parathyroidectomy ...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-010-0818-4
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to compare the influence of either general (GA) or local (LA) anesthesia on the postoperative neurocognitive outcome in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in a randomized study. Therefore, we performed a subgroup analysis of the multicenter GALA study. METHODS:A total...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00268-009-0047-x
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In uremic patients, metabolism of 1-84 parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fragments are delayed, and in these patients, the usefulness of intraoperative PTH assay may be problematic. We evaluated the usefulness of the QuiCk-IntraOperative Bio-Intact PTH (QPTH) assay for uremic patients with secondary hyperparathy...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-006-0601-8
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Response rates to systemic chemotherapy for patients who have failed irinotecan-based chemotherapy for liver-dominant metastatic colorectal cancer range between 10 and 18 % with overall survival between 7 and 9 months. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial irinotec...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1007/s00268-015-3386-9
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The reported high incidence of 30-60% postoperative pain after an elective day surgical orchidopexy is undesirable. We evaluated the efficacy of our analgesic regimen for unilateral orchidopexy in preschool children performed as a day surgical procedure. METHODS:Between January 2004 and December 2006, 247 c...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-008-9847-7
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is first-line treatment for uncomplicated gallstone disease in high-income countries due to benefits such as shorter hospital stays, reduced morbidity, more rapid return to work, and lower mortality as well-being considered cost-effective. However, there persists a lack of uptake...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-016-3851-0
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although peptic gastroduodenal ulcers are rarely treated surgically today, when surgery is required a laparoscopic approach is possible with its well known advantages. The most widely used technique is vagotomy by various modalities. Training in laparoscopy requires good instrumentation to avoid complications. Vagotom...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s002689910044
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a double-blind placebo-controlled study we investigated the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO), on the perioperative hemoglobin concentration and the use of blood transfusions in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery with a preoperative hemoglobin level
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s002689900561
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reviews aspects of head injury management and research in the United Kingdom (UK). We discuss evidence about the scale and etiology of head injury in Britain and how this information has supported a triage-based approach, incorporating risk analysis. A Cohesive organization based upon nationally accepted, y...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00268-001-0084-6
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Ultrasound (US) and sestamibi (MIBI) are traditionally considered positive or negative. The purpose of this study was to define and test a new scoring system for MIBI and US and to determine whether this can improve their accuracy for primary hyperparathyroidism. METHODS:This is a prospective study of 200 c...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-012-1666-1
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to clarify the role of ganglion cells in the development and recurrence of sigmoid volvulus. We analyzed 9 samples obtained from 9 patients who had undergone sigmoidectomy for sigmoid volvulus, and, for comparison, 18 samples from 18 patients who had undergone sigmoidectomy or low anterior re...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-004-7462-9
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Inflammation is integral to the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This study examines preoperative biomarkers of systemic inflammation in patients undergoing open repair of intact and ruptured AAA. METHODS:One-hundred twelve patients were entered into a prospective observational study. Preope...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-007-9014-6
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary hyperparathyroidism was investigated using the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) from the immunohistochemical viewpoint with an anti-bFGF antibody in hyperplastic parathyroid glands of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN-I) and of patients with non-MEN. The results correspond...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00299109
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to report on the application of a minimally invasive technique to the radical extirpation of primary and recurrent pilonidal disease. This technique does not require specific equipments, is ordinarily performed under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis, and provides optimal cosm...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-019-05313-3
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Exact tissue identification during parathyroidectomy is essential to successfully cure hyperparathyroidism. PTH level determination from tissue aspirates has been advocated as a "biochemical frozen section" for parathyroid tissue identification. We investigated the sensitivity and specificity of this method ...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-009-0351-5
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The eponym "Graves' disease" is usually applied to the condition of immunogenic hyperthyroidism, in no small part due to the promotion and influence of the French physician Armand Trousseau who wrote in 1862, "Du Goître Exophthalmique, ou Maladie de Graves." However, the distinguished Bath physician Caleb Hillier Parr...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-009-0297-7
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Acute colonic diverticulitis is a common clinical condition. Severity of the disease is based on clinical, laboratory, and radiological investigations and dictates the need for medical or surgical intervention. Recent clinical trials have improved the understanding of the natural history of the disease resul...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00268-016-3560-8
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is a fundamental clinical observation that wounds do not heal in tissue that does not bleed, and they almost always heal in tissue that bleeds extensively. Continuous supply of oxygen to the tissue through microcirculation is vital for the healing process and for resistance to infection. Evaluation of tissue perfus...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00268-003-7398-5
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS(®)) pathways have reduced morbidity and length of hospital stay (LOS) in orthopedics, bariatric, and colorectal surgery. New perioperative care protocols have been tested in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), with controversial results on morbidity. Incomp...
journal_title：World journal of surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00268-014-2653-5
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
