Abstract:
:Escherichia coli prefers growth in neutral pH environments but can withstand extremely acidic conditions (pH 2) for long periods. Of the four E. coli systems that contribute to acid resistance, one, the glutamate-dependent system, is remarkable in its efficacy and regulatory complexity. The resistance mechanism involves the intracellular consumption of protons by the glutamate decarboxylase isozymes GadA and GadB. The antiporter GadC then exports the product, gamma-aminobutyric acid, in exchange for fresh glutamate. A microarray study using overexpressed regulators uncovered evgAS and ydeO as potential regulators of gadE, now known to encode the essential activator of the gadA and gadBC genes. Examination of evgA and ydeO under normal expression conditions revealed that their products do activate gadE expression but only under specific conditions. They were important during exponential growth in acidified minimal medium containing glucose but were unnecessary for gadE expression in stationary-phase cells grown in complex medium. The response regulator EvgA activates gadE directly and indirectly via induction of the AraC-like regulator ydeO. Evidence obtained using gadE-lacZ operon fusions also revealed that GadE was autoinduced. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that EvgA, YdeO, and GadE bind to different regions upstream of gadE, indicating they all act directly at the gadE promoter. Since GadE controls the expression of numerous genes besides gadA and gadBC, the relevance of these regulatory circuits extends beyond acid resistance.
journal_name
J Bacterioljournal_title
Journal of bacteriologyauthors
Ma Z,Masuda N,Foster JWdoi
10.1128/JB.186.21.7378-7389.2004keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-11-01 00:00:00pages
7378-89issue
21eissn
0021-9193issn
1098-5530pii
186/21/7378journal_volume
186pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The gene that encodes the acyl carrier protein (ACP) of the actinorhodin polyketide synthase (PKS) of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) was replaced with homologs from the granaticin, oxytetracycline, tetracenomycin, and putative frenolicin polyketide synthase gene clusters. All of the replacements led to expression of fu...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
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doi:10.1128/jb.175.8.2197-2204.1993
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1128/JB.158.2.742-745.1984
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1128/JB.134.3.744-750.1978
更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
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doi:10.1128/jb.175.3.902-904.1993
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.106.1.238-242.1971
更新日期:1971-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1128/JB.159.1.57-62.1984
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.130.1.366-374.1977
更新日期:1977-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.170.10.4931-4938.1988
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.01804-08
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.113.2.612-618.1973
更新日期:1973-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.156.2.498-506.1983
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.169.8.3853-3856.1987
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
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doi:10.1128/JB.180.20.5454-5457.1998
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.171.10.5736-5737.1989
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.142.3.1040-1044.1980
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.182.9.2492-2497.2000
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Finnerty, W. R. (University of Iowa, Iowa City), and R. E. Kallio. Origin of palmitic acid carbon in palmitates formed from hexadecane-1-C(14) and tetradecane-1-C(14) by Micrococcus cerificans. J. Bacteriol. 87:1261-1265. 1964.-Degradation of the palmitic acid moiety of cetyl palmitate and myristyl palmitate formed fr...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.87.6.1261-1265.1964
更新日期:1964-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.99.3.655-660.1969
更新日期:1969-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phytoplasmas are plant-pathogenic bacteria that cause numerous diseases. This study shows a strong positive selection on the phytoplasma antigenic membrane protein (Amp). The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions was >1 with all the methods we tested. The clear positive selections imply an important biolo...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.188.9.3424-3428.2006
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A thermophilic, sporeforming bacterium has been isolated from soil on a medium containing acetate as a carbon source. This organism is similar to Bacillus stearothermophilus in most respects but differs in its inability to hydrolyze starch. Isocitrate lyase is present in cell-free extracts of organisms grown in a medi...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.93.2.703-710.1967
更新日期:1967-02-01 00:00:00