Abstract:
:In recent years, considerable data has been provided to support the role of the immune system in atherosclerosis. These reports came from studies involving knockout murine models of atherosclerosis and human subjects. The notion that inflammatory mechanisms are operable in atherogenesis has fueled a series of studies demonstrating that autoimmune responses are also evident in the atherosclerotic lesions and appear to influence the initiation and progression of the plaque. The principal autoantigens that have been suggested as potential triggers of autoimmune responses in atherosclerosis are modified forms of low-density lipoproteins, heat shock proteins and beta2 glycoprotein I. Immunization against these antigens influenced the generation of lesions and adoptive transfer studies of lymphocytes reactive to some of these antigens have also been demonstrated to enhance the growth of the plaques. The realization that autoimmune-like responses may play a role in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions has paved the way for exciting modes of manipulating lesions, irrespective of the effect on the lipid profile. Thus, recent studies indicate that oral tolerance with antigens or derivatives could suppress the respective immune responses and reduce the extent of the lesions in transgenic atherosclerosis-prone mice. These observations should be further explored and if validated, could represent novel modalities for influencing atherogenessis in humans.
journal_name
Expert Rev Vaccinesjournal_title
Expert review of vaccinesauthors
Harats D,George Jdoi
10.1586/14760584.3.5.605keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-10-01 00:00:00pages
605-11issue
5eissn
1476-0584issn
1744-8395pii
ERV030515journal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Complex antigen structures currently represent the most-studied approach for prophylactic as well as therapeutic vaccines. Different types of complex vaccines, including virus-like particles and virosomes, have been developed depending on the nature of the viral pathogen they are trying to replicate (enveloped vs nake...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erv.09.81
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protection against acquisition of fully heterologous, neutralization-resistant SIV was achieved in rhesus monkeys with adenovirus/poxvirus vector-based vaccines. Protection against acquisition of infection required the inclusion of envelope antigens and correlated with the induction of binding antibodies against the E...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1586/erv.12.21
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although mass vaccination of the entire population of an endemic area would be the most cost-effective tool to diminish Leishmania burden, an effective vaccine is not yet commercially available. Practically, vaccines have failed to achieve the required level of protection, possibly owing to the lack of an appropriate ...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erv.11.166
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The WHO has recently recommended the inclusion of rotavirus vaccine in the national immunization programs of all countries. In countries in the Americas, Europe and Australia that have adopted routine childhood immunization against rotavirus, significant reductions in the burden of severe childhood diarrhea have been ...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erv.10.17
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors have purified a major capsid protein, VP1 of Simian virus 40 (SV40), using recombinant baculovirus and have established the method of in vitro reassembly of SV40 virus-like particles (SV40-VLPs) from VP1-pentamers. In this reassembly, SV40-VLPs can encapsulate approximately 5 kb exogenous DNA shielded by h...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erv.12.149
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is an organism of concern as a potential biowarfare agent. Progress towards understanding the molecular basis of pathogenicity has been hampered by a lack of tools with which to manipulate the pathogen. However, the availability of genome sequence data for a ra...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erv.09.114
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have been formulated into vaccines that, combined with adjuvants, cytokines or other strategies to boost the immune response, are now in clinical development. Both humoral and cellular immune responses to TAAs have been generated using these vaccines. This approach relies on the patien...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.7.7.889
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer immunotherapy has recently emerged as an important treatment modality. FDA approval of provenge, ipilimumab and pembrolizumab has started to deliver on the long awaited promise of cancer immunotherapy. Many new modalities of immunotherapies targeting cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) responses, such as adoptive ce...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.2015.982101
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several new TB vaccines are currently undergoing clinical trials. Among the most promising is a vaccine based upon the modified vaccinia virus Ankara-expressing mycobacterial antigen 85A (MVA85A). Given the widespread use of the current TB vaccine, BCG, many of the new TB vaccines are being tested for their ability to...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1586/erv.11.144
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aluminum-containing adjuvants are an important component of many vaccines because they safely potentiate the immune response. The structure and properties of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant, aluminum phosphate adjuvant and alum-precipitated adjuvants are presented in this review. The major antigen adsorption mechanisms, e...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.6.5.685
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) has become one of the major pathogens causing acute respiratory infections (ARI) mainly affecting young children, immunocompromised patients, and the elderly. Currently there are no licensed vaccines against this virus. Areas covered: Since the discovery of hMPV in 2001, many g...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14760584.2017.1283223
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The impact of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) on the natural history of otitis media (OM) has been studied recently. In a high-risk population, PCV7 significantly reduced the risk of recurrent, bilateral or multiple tympanic membrane perforation, as well as the risk of chronic suppurative OM at 9...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1586/erv.09.42
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Leishmania donovani glycoprotein fraction, known as FML, successfully underwent preclinical and clinical (Phase I-III) vaccine trials against canine visceral leishmaniasis (92-95% of protection and 76-80% of vaccine efficacy) when formulated with a QS21 saponin-containing adjuvant. It became the licensed Leishmune...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14760584.7.6.833
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conjugate vaccines using diphtheria toxoid variant (CRM(197)), diphtheria toxoid and tetanus toxoid (TT) as carrier protein may induce immune interactions (interference or impairment as measured by lower antibody levels, or enhancement [higher antibody levels]) when coadministered with other vaccines. Immune enhanceme...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erv.11.142
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally believed that the role of CD4(+) T cells is to coordinate the different arms of the adaptive immune system to shape an effective response against a pathogen and regulate nonessential or deleterious activities. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that effector CD4(+) T cells can directly displa...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erv.10.132
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite high 1-dose vaccination coverage, breakthrough varicella infections still occur. Therefore, 2-dose vaccination is recommended to enhance the immune response to the virus. However, the reported incremental vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 2-dose vaccination varies widely among studies. METHODS:To determ...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1080/14760584.2018.1433999
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania which affects millions of people worldwide. The leishmaniases are transmitted to the vertebrate hosts by phlebotomine sand flies. In this review, we focus on clinical aspects of the leishmaniases and on the immune response against the...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.2.5.705
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mucosal vaccines constitute an advantageous immunization approach to achieve broad immunization against widespread diseases; however, improvements in this field are still required to expand their exploitation. As gold nanoparticles are biocompatible and can be easily functionalized with antigens, they have been propos...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.2015.1064772
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza inflicts significant global mortality and morbidity that can be combated by effective immunization. However, the protective efficacy of current vaccines is limited by both the significant antigenic diversity of the viral hemagglutinin protein and the capacity for rapid antigenic change. This necessitates glo...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.2015.1068125
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The USA is experiencing a pertussis resurgence that resulted in a 60-year high of 48,000 cases in 2012. Our ability to counteract this resurgence is hampered by the fact that pertussis pathogenesis and immunity to pertussis infection are not well studied. Studies in humans are difficult due to the low frequency of per...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.2014.946016
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concept of cancer vaccines is as a therapeutic strategy to immunize the body against cancer antigens that may not be presented by the cancer itself, due to the marked immunosuppressive effects of the disease, which has been demonstrated in many different tumors. ...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14760584.3.6.665
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 11th Annual Conference on Vaccine Research, hosted by the National Foundation for Infectious Disease, attracted approximately 450 leaders in the fields of epidemiology, health economics, immunology and vaccinology, making it the largest scientific meeting devoted exclusively to vaccine research and technology. The...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type:
doi:10.1586/14760584.7.6.721
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Syphilis, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum, continues to be a globally prevalent disease despite remaining susceptible to penicillin treatment. Syphilis vaccine development is a viable preventative approach that will serve to complement public health-oriented syphilis prevent...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14760584.2016.1203262
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ebola hemorrhagic fever is one of the most fatal viral diseases worldwide affecting humans and nonhuman primates. Although infections only occur frequently in Central Africa, the virus has the potential to spread globally and is classified as a category A pathogen that could be misused as a bioterrorism agent. As of t...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.2014.885841
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Europe since 1945 has shown fluctuations in incidence, serogroup distribution and case-fatality rate. Outbreaks and epidemics driven by the introduction of new virulent strains into Europe have occurred unpredictably. Epidemics associated with serogroups A and B have occurr...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erv.11.117
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza vaccines remain the primary public health tool in reducing the ever-present burden of influenza and its complications. In seeking more immunogenic, more effective and more broadly cross-protective influenza vaccines, the landscape of influenza vaccines is rapidly expanding, both in near-term advances and nex...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erv.13.35
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current treatments for lung cancer are far from optimal. Several immunotherapeutic strategies involving vaccines incorporating different tumor-associated antigens to induce immune responses against tumors are being tested in clinical trials internationally. Although small, benefits have indeed been observed from the e...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erv.10.12
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Hepatitis A, caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV), is primarily transmitted via the fecal/oral route either through ingestion of contaminated food and water or through direct contact with an infectious person. Prevalence of hepatitis A is strongly correlated with socioeconomic factors, decreasing with increas...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14760584.2019.1580578
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nucleic acid vaccines have been gaining attention as an alternative to the standard attenuated pathogen or protein based vaccine. However, an unrealized advantage of using such DNA or RNA based vaccination modalities is the ability to program within these nucleic acids regulatory devices that would provide an immunolo...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.2015.997714
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neisseria lactamica is a commensal organism that is closely related to Neisseria meningitidis, the causative agent of meningococcal disease. N. lactamica has many antigens in common with N. meningitidis, but it lacks a polysaccharide capsule and the serosubtyping antigen PorA. Carriage studies have demonstrated that N...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.4.3.373
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00