Abstract:
:The nitrogen mustards bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine (HN1), bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine (HN2), and tris(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN3) have the potential to be used as chemical terrorism agents because of their extreme vesicant properties. We modified a previously reported method to incorporate automated solid-phase extraction, improve chromatography, and include the urinary metabolite for HN3. The improved method was used to measure levels of the urinary metabolites N-ethyldiethanolamine (EDEA), N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), and triethanolamine (TEA) in rats dosed with HN1, HN2, and HN3, respectively, and to establish background levels of EDEA, MDEA, and TEA in human urine samples from a population with no known exposure to nitrogen mustards. Rat dosing experiments confirmed that EDEA, MDEA, and TEA could be detected in urine for at least 48 h after exposure to HN1, HN2, and HN3, respectively. Substantial amounts of EDEA (89 ng/mL), MDEA (170 ng/mL), and TEA (1105 ng/mL) were measured in the urine of rats exposed to 10 mg HN1, HN2, and HN3, respectively, 48 h after exposure. The background concentrations for TEA in the human population ranged from below the limit of detection (LOD 3 ng/mL) to approximately 6500 ng/mL. Neither EDEA (LOD 0.4 ng/mL) nor MDEA (LOD 0.8 ng/mL) was detected above the LOD in the human samples.
journal_name
J Anal Toxicoljournal_title
Journal of analytical toxicologyauthors
Lemire SW,Barr JR,Ashley DL,Olson CT,Hayes TLdoi
10.1093/jat/28.5.320keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-07-01 00:00:00pages
320-6issue
5eissn
0146-4760issn
1945-2403journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The maximum stability conditions for cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine (BE) in urine were analyzed. Suggestions were presented after careful review of many studies and personal communications concerning cocaine and BE stability in urine. The optimal storage conditions for urine specimens with cocaine and BE w...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jat/18.2.104
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a commonly encountered drug of abuse, has been shown in a variety of studies to cause neurotoxic effects. Because MDMA itself is not neurotoxic, identifying the potential neurotoxic metabolite(s) was of significant importance. Evaluation of urine and plasma concentrations of M...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/31.3.138
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Baclofen (Lioresal), a lipophilic analogue of c-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and carisoprodol (Soma), a central nervous system depressant with an unknown mechanism of pharmacologic action, are categorized as muscle relaxants. Baclofen is used clinically in the management of spasticity and its sequelae secondary to severe...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/27.5.275
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::At the end of 2010, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) used its emergency scheduling authority to temporarily control five chemicals, JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-200, CP-47497, and cannabicyclohexanol (CP-47497 C8), often referred to as "Spice", K2, or "synthetic cannabinoids" because of their reported cannabis-...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/anatox/35.7.424
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple, rapid, and sensitive method which allows us to simultaneously determine bromvalerylurea (BVU) and its three metabolites (3-methylbutyrylurea [MVU], alpha-(cystein-S-yl)isovalerylurea [CVU], and alpha-(N-acetylcystein-S-yl)isovalerylurea [AcCVU]) was investigated by frit-fast atom bombardment liquid chromatog...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/22.7.591
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A blood concentration of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the low nanograms-per-milliliter range is often claimed to result from drug use more than 24-48 h previously. The present investigation determined concentrations of cannabinoids in blood collected at least 24 h from smoking in an in-patient setting. During samplin...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/32.2.160
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative analysis of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in oral fluid has gained increasing interest in clinical and forensic toxicology laboratories. New medicinal and/or recreational cannabinoid products require laboratories to distinguish different patterns of cannabinoid use. This study validated a high-performa...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa184
更新日期:2020-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to drugs and toxins is a major cause for the rising number of emergency department visits each year. Immunoassays are commonly used in the emergency department to provide rapid turnaround time for acute care. The purpose of this study was to compare two automated immunoassay chemistry analyzers to determine w...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bks028
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Caffeine is the most widely consumed drug in the world with coffee representing a major source of intake. Despite widespread availability, various medical conditions necessitate caffeine-restricted diets. Patients on certain prescription medications are advised to discontinue caffeine intake. Such admonition has impli...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/30.8.611
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calibration model selection is required for all quantitative methods in toxicology and more broadly in bioanalysis. This typically involves selecting the equation order (quadratic or linear) and weighting factor correctly modelizing the data. A mis-selection of the calibration model will generate lower quality control...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkx001
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::As part of a search for phencyclidine (PCP) antagonists, a series of eleven aryl-substituted PCP analogs were prepared and characterized. TLC and GC elution profiles of these derivatives are described in a number of systems allowing for the tentative identification of the PCP analogs. Further, MS, NMR, UV/vis and IR s...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/7.5.252
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantitation of oxymorphone (OM) in human whole blood and liver. Sample preparation was done by solid-phase extraction, using deuterated OM as the internal standard. Separation was achieved using a Waters Aquity UPLC ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkt077
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A high performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the simultaneous quantitation of four commonly prescribed antiarrhythmic drugs: lidocaine, mexiletine, disopyramide, and quinidine. An isocratic system using a reverse phase column was used to separate these compounds. Coefficients of variation were les...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/9.2.67
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analytical methods were developed to determine the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in dried bloodstains to provide probative information when allegations of evidence tampering have been made in criminal cases. A simple screening method using ion chromatography to analyze stains was found to be quant...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/21.7.521
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which combines the separation power of GC with the power of MS for the identification of unknown compounds, possesses high potential in systematic toxicological analysis (STA). Different factors, however, do not allow this potential to be fully exploited. Between them, the...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/20.7.579
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The selectivity of analytical methods used to determine ethanol in body fluids has always been an important concern in connection with chemical testing for intoxication. Allegations of false high breath-alcohol readings obtained because of the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) other than ethanol is a well-...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/20.7.522
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), or ecstasy, is excreted as unchanged drug, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), and free and glucuronidated/sulfated 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyamphetamine (HMA) metabolites. The aim of this paper is to describe the pattern and timeframe ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/33.8.439
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methyl methacrylate polymer (PolyMMA) is widely used as the composite resin for the dental plate. During the fabrication process of PolyMMA for the polymerization reaction, benzoylperoxide (BPO) and N,N-dimethyl p-toluidine (DMPT) are added as the initiator and the stimulator, respectively. Because these compounds exh...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/17.2.73
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A gas-chromatographic analysis of vinylidene chloride (1,1-dichloroethylene) is presented. Vinylidene chloride was sampled by adsorbing on activated carbon. It was desorbed with carbon disulfide. The desorption efficiency was 97.2 +/- 1.05 (mean +/- standard error). The analytical column was packed with 10% Apiezon L ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/4.5.266
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comprehensive investigation is necessary for determining the cause of death in cases with positive drug screens. We investigated the case of a male who reportedly expired from an acute asthma attack. He had limited access to both therapeutic drugs and drugs of abuse because he was a state prisoner. His autopsy was rem...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/19.6.522
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The method presented describes a sensitive and specific quantitative assay for the determination of flumazenil in human plasma. Flumazenil and an internal standard, midazolam, are isolated by a basic extraction. The final extract is separated on a 25-m BP-1 capillary column and drugs are detected by selected ion monit...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/15.4.202
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple and sensitive method for determination of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) by gas chromatography (GC) with surface ionization detection (SID) is presented. Whole blood or urine, containing DMT and gramine (internal standard), was subjected to solid-phase extraction with a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge before analysis by ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/21.1.36
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 22-year-old male with more than 28 needle marks on his right arm was found dead. First, he was suspected as a drug abuser. Blood, urine, spleen, and injection-site tissue was collected during autopsy. The blood and urine specimens were screened for drugs. Immunoassay studies did not show any illegal drugs. However, ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/24.4.305
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A previously reported procedure for quantification of LSD in urine was modified to permit measurement of the drug in plasma. After addition of deuterium-labelled LSD, the plasma is extracted and the extract is treated with trifluoroacetylimidazole to convert the LSD to its N-trifluoroacetyl derivative. The derivatized...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/14.3.189
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amoxapine, a tricyclic antidepressant, is metabolized to 8-hydroxyamoxapine and 7-hydroxyamoxapine. There are few reports on the metabolism of this drug and correlation of clinical symptoms in overdose patients. Five such patients admitted to the Emergency Unit of the University of Cincinnati Hospital were studied. Cl...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/8.3.124
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A quantitative gas chromatographic assay for the determination of phenelzine in plasma or other fluids is presented. A stable derivative is formed by cyclization with acetylacetone, and the derivative is separated, purified, and concentrated by liquid-liquid solvent extraction. Analysis of the extracts is by capillary...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/12.2.98
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report one fatal case of asphyxia caused by leaves of common ivy. Macroscopic examination of the corpse during the autopsy disclosed an incredible quantity of leaves of Hedera helix in the mouth and throat of the decedent. In order to rule out the possibility of poisoning by the toxic saponins contained in the plan...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/27.4.257
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) has been used to identify ethanol in vivo and to detect other exogenous low molecular weight volatiles in human serum. 1H MRS was used to detect and quantitate 15 human sera containing various concentrations and combinations of ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, and ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/17.5.273
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nicotine is the major addictive compound in tobacco and is responsible for tobacco dependence. It is primarily metabolized to cotinine (COT) and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (3HC) by the liver enzyme cytochrome P-450 2A6 (CYP2A6). The 3HC/COT ratio measured in the saliva of smokers is highly correlated with the intrinsic ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/30.6.386
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A feasibility study was performed to examine the effectiveness of hair testing in determining the prevalence of drug use in a young adult population. The study included 200 randomly selected young adults in Norway. It was designed to make the collection, preparation and analysis of the samples as little resource deman...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkt038
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00