Optimization of storage conditions for cocaine and benzoylecgonine in urine: a review.

abstract：:The relationship between blood cocaine concentrations and pharmacological effects is of both theoretical and practical interest. This study utilized a computer-assisted smoking device for the delivery of three active doses (10, 20, and 40 mg) of cocaine base to seven human volunteers. Doses were administered in an asc...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Jenkins AJ,Keenan RM,Henningfield JE,Cone EJ

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a psychoactive, synthetic analog of the central nervous system stimulant cathinone. Its recent popularity as a recreational drug in the United States has led to numerous reports to poison control centers across the country. As with other synthetic cathinones, the recreational u...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Wyman JF,Lavins ES,Engelhart D,Armstrong EJ,Snell KD,Boggs PD,Taylor SM,Norris RN,Miller FP

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An existing GC-MS method for detecting benzoylecgonine (BZE) in urine was modified by changing derivatizing reagents. This method modification presents a cost-effective alternative derivatization procedure for the detection of BZE in urine by GC-MS. The combination of pentafluoropropanol and acetic anhydride was found...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Serafin MC,Paulemon KM,Fuller ZJ,Bronner WE

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Confirmation of drugs of abuse by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is the most time-consuming process used by drug-testing laboratories. Cost effectiveness and competitive turnaround times for testing results demand fast, efficient, and reliable extraction methods. We applied the Cerex Polycrom-THC solid-p...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Crockett DK,Nelson G,Dimson P,Urry FM

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A colchicine blood concentration 250 microgram/L was determined in a 39-year-old white female 2 hours following the ingestion of an oral overdose of the drug. At death, 40 hours following ingestion, no drug was detected. Colchicine was extracted from buffered blood using dichloromethane. The evaporated extract was red...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Caplan YH,Orloff KG,Thompson BC

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study of 20,089 urine specimens from chronic pain patients provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the prevalence of prescription opiates and metabolites, assess the usefulness of inclusion of normetabolites in the test panel, and compare opiate and oxycodone screening results to liquid chromatography with tand...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Heltsley R,Zichterman A,Black DL,Cawthon B,Robert T,Moser F,Caplan YH,Cone EJ

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:About 22,000 samples of oral fluid have been collected in five population studies in Norway using either the Intercept or Statsure oral fluid sampling devices. The prevalence of alcohol and drugs was found to be higher in oral fluid samples with small volumes than in those with large volumes for both sampling devices;...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Gjerde H,Normann PT,Christophersen AS

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quetiapine fumarate (Seroquel) is a dibenzothiazepine psychotropic agent that was introduced in 1997 for treating psychoses. Quetiapine is being found with increasing frequency in postmortem cases in Virginia. We report the postmortem results and histories of 20 quetiapine cases from the Office of the Chief Medical Ex...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Flammia DD,Valouch T,Venuti S

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Given that external contamination must be considered in hair analysis, there is still a demand for reliable tools to differentiate between incorporation of drugs into the hair as a result of drug consumption and of the hair shaft by external contamination. With the aim of establishing alternative discrimination parame...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Scholz C,Quednow BB,Herdener M,Kraemer T,Baumgartner MR

更新日期：2019-08-23 00:00:00

abstract：:A method for analyzing urine for the presence of basic drugs and their metabolites using two fused silica capillary columns is described along with operating conditions and column characteristics. Urine extracts were injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with nitrogen phosphorous detectors (GC/NPD) and two capill...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Hime GW,Bednarczyk LR

更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The content, chemical form, and distribution of mercury and selenium in edible tissue were determined for several samples of fish and other marine animal organisms (mollusks, crustaceans and pods). For most fish samples, except Pacific blue marlin, 53 to 94% of the total mercury content was present as methylmercury, b...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Cappon CJ,Smith JC

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A quantitative gas chromatographic assay for the determination of phenelzine in plasma or other fluids is presented. A stable derivative is formed by cyclization with acetylacetone, and the derivative is separated, purified, and concentrated by liquid-liquid solvent extraction. Analysis of the extracts is by capillary...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Lichtenwalner M,McMullin M,Hardy D,Rieders F

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In June 1986, an epidemic of poisoning occurred in Sierra Leone, West Africa; it involved 49 persons--with 14 deaths. Our laboratory's approach and investigation of this incident is described. Using positive chemical ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the toxicant was identified ...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Hill RH Jr,Alley CC,Ashley DL,Cline RE,Head SL,Needham LL,Etzel RA

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four kinds of volatile anesthetics (halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane) that were dissolved in 3 microL of experimental plasma samples were examined by the pulse-heating gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method, and this approach was found to be reliable for qualitative and quantitative analysis. T...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Saito K,Takayasu T,Nishigami J,Kondo T,Ohtsuji M,Lin Z,Ohshima T

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthetic cathinones have recently emerged as a substitute for common drugs of abuse. Synthetic cathinones can elicit powerful adverse effects such as delusions, hallucinations and potentially dangerous behavior. To develop a method to analyze 10 synthetic cathinones in oral fluid, we implemented a combined approach o...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Amaratunga P,Lorenz Lemberg B,Lemberg D

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A variety of chemical agents were evaluated to determine their effects on fluorescence polarization immunoassays for drugs of abuse. Sixteen different agents, at concentrations up to 10%, were tested against urine assays for cannabinoids, cocaine (metabolite), amphetamines, opiates, phencyclidine (PCP), and barbiturat...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Schwarzhoff R,Cody JT

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Urine drug testing is common for workplace drug testing, prescription management, emergency medicine and the criminal justice system. Unsurprisingly, with the significant consequences based upon the results of urine drug testing, a donor in need of concealing the contents of their sample is highly motivated to cheat t...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Goggin MM,Tann CM,Miller A,Nguyen A,Janis GC

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of the Roche Kinetic Interaction of Microparticles in Solution (KIMS) screening assay for cannabinoid metabolites. Urine specimens (N = 1689) were collected during elimination of cannabinoids from 25 subjects with a history of marijuana use. Specimens were analyzed conc...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Lyons TP,Okano CK,Kuhnle JA,Bruins MR,Darwin WD,Moolchan ET,Huestis MA

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Urinary metabolites of famprofazone following oral administration in humans were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron impact-ionization and comparison with the spectra and retention times of authentic standards. The metabolites were determined following selective derivatization with N-methy...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Shin HS,Park BB,Choi SN,Oh JJ,Hong CP,Ryu H

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclizine is an antihistamine with sedative effect used to treat motion sickness. A few studies have reported on cyclizine abuse among teenagers, and cyclizine abuse has been reported among opioid dependants receiving methadone, with the combination having been reported to produce strong psychoactive effects. Few repo...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Arnestad M,Eldor KB,Stray-Pedersen A,Bachs L,Karinen R

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:British anti-Lewisite (BAL) (2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol) is a potential therapeutic compound when used against the effects of cutaneous sulfur mustard, and a method for its determination in plasma has been developed. BAL and the internal standard (IS) ethane dithiol were isolated from plasma samples through solid-phase...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Byers CE,Holloway ER,Korte WD,Smith JR,Clarkson ED,Platoff GE,Capacio BR

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The retention index system is a reproducible means for the identification of drugs in toxicology samples analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detectors. Nitrogen-phosphorus (NP) detectors do not respond well to the standard n-alkanes, which lack nitrogen and phosphorus groups and which are used to obta...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Watts VW,Simonick TF

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The synthetic chemical 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) has been shown to be a bladder carcinogen in both man and animals. A valid radioimmunoassay for a metabolite of 4-ABP has been developed as a means to monitor potential human exposure to 4-ABP. The antibody was produced by the immunization of two female New Zealand White ...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Johnson HJ Jr,Cernosek SF Jr,Gutierrez-Cernosek RM,Brown LL

更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The analysis of biological specimens collected at autopsy for the presence of exogenous insulin(s) is of special interest in select death investigations as they may be suspected in the cause of a death. Technical challenges include the limited stability of insulin, and the forensic requirement of differentiating endog...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Legg KM,Labay LM,Aiken SS,Logan BK

更新日期：2019-08-23 00:00:00

abstract：:A method for the determination of seven polychlorinated biphenyl residues in plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed. The analytes were isolated from human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction, followed by solid-phase extraction, and separation on an HP5 Trace column. Ionization mode was electronic ...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Charlier C,Dubois N,Cucchiaro S,Plomteux G

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The stability of nortriptyline in aqueous solutions containing various concentrations of formaldehyde was investigated. Amitriptyline, as a reaction product, was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in these experiments. Factors that may contribute to this phenomenon, including pH, formaldehyde c...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Dettling RJ,Briglia EJ,Dal Cortivo LA,Bidanset JH

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radioactive methadone, phenytoin, phenobarbital, and diazepam were easily and efficiently removed from human urine samples by adsorption on C18 bonded silica phases. These techniques were simpler than conventional extractions at pH 9.3 or 5.2 with dichloromethane, XAD-2 and methanol, or Celite 560 and dichloromethane....

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Hyde PM

更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to achieve accurate quantitation of drugs and metabolites (analytes) in complex matrices, 2H- (and less commonly 13C-) labeled analogues of the analytes are now routinely adapted as the internal standards (IS) using linear calibration models to fit data generated by selected ion monitoring gas chromatography-...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Whiting TC,Liu RH,Chang WT,Bodapati MR

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exemplars of current commercial breath-alcohol simulators were studied to ascertain their suitability for control tests and as calibrators in breath-alcohol analysis. Temperature, effluent volumes and pressures, effluent-alcohol concentration, and alcohol depletion were measured for simulators coupled with various cur...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Dubowski KM,Essary NA

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An online automatic sample cleanup system was developed for use with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS-MS) for the quantitative detection of the benzene exposure biomarker S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) in human urine. The sample clean-up system was constructed with an autosampling device, a r...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Liao PC,Li CM,Lin LC,Hung CW,Shih TS

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00