Abstract:
:Water has many kinetic and thermodynamic properties that exhibit an anomalous dependence on temperature, in particular in the supercooled phase. These anomalies have long been interpreted in terms of underlying structural causes, and their experimental characterization points to the existence of a singularity at a temperature of about 225 K. Further insights into the nature and origin of this singularity might be gained by completely characterizing the structural relaxation in supercooled water. But until now, such a characterization has only been realized in simulations that agree with the predictions of simple mode-coupling theory; unambiguous experimental support for this surprising conclusion is, however, not yet available. Here we report time-resolved optical Kerr effect measurements that unambiguously demonstrate that the structural relaxation of liquid and weakly supercooled water follows the behaviour predicted by simple mode-coupling theory. Our findings thus support the interpretation of the singularity as a purely dynamical transition. That is, the anomalous behaviour of weakly supercooled water can be explained using a fully dynamic model and without needing to invoke a thermodynamic origin. In this regard, water behaves like many other, normal molecular liquids that are fragile glass-formers.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Torre R,Bartolini P,Righini Rdoi
10.1038/nature02409keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-03-18 00:00:00pages
296-9issue
6980eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature02409journal_volume
428pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::A mutant form of the alpha-isoform of protein kinase C (PKC) was recently isolated from an ultraviolet radiation-induced murine fibrosarcoma cell line and reported to transform mouse BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts on transfection. Four point mutations in the regulatory domain were assumed to be responsible for its oncogenicit...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/353078a0
更新日期:1991-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::FokI is a member of an unusual class of bipartite restriction enzymes that recognize a specific DNA sequence and cleave DNA nonspecifically a short distance away from that sequence. Because of its unusual bipartite nature, FokI has been used to create artificial enzymes with new specificities. We have determined the c...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/40446
更新日期:1997-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::Deuterostomes are a remarkably diverse super-phylum, including not only the chordates (to which we belong) but groups as disparate as the echinoderms and the hemichordates. The phylogeny of deuterostomes is now achieving some degree of stability, especially on account of new molecular data, but this leaves as conjectu...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02648
更新日期:2004-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::Phototransduction in invertebrate microvillar photoreceptors is thought to be mediated by the activation of phospholipase C (PLC), but how this leads to gating of the light-sensitive channels is unknown. Most attention has focused on inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate, a second messenger produced by PLC from phosphatidylino...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/16703
更新日期:1999-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::Ligand-gated ion channels are multi-subunit complexes where each subunit-type is encoded by several related genes. Heterologous expression of any one of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) alpha-type subunits, either alone or with any beta-type subunit, typically yields functional nAChR channels. A ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/380347a0
更新日期:1996-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::The diverse functions of RNA, which include enzymatic activities, regulatory roles in transcription and translation, are made possible by tertiary structure. Computer algorithms can predict the secondary structure of an RNA molecule using free-energy parameters for base pairing and stacking, loops and bulges. However,...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/331283a0
更新日期:1988-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::The vertical structure of the recent Arctic warming contains information about the processes governing Arctic climate trends. Graversen et al. argue, on the basis of ERA-40 reanalysis data, that a distinct maximum in 1979-2001 warm-season (April-October) Arctic temperature trends appears around 3 km above ground. Here...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07257
更新日期:2008-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of human X-linked muscular dystrophies have come from the identification of dystrophin, a cytoskeletal protein associated with the surface membrane. Although there is little or virtually no dystrophin in affected individuals, it is not known how this causes muscle d...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/344670a0
更新日期:1990-04-12 00:00:00
abstract::A multitude of heptahelical receptors use heterotrimeric G proteins to transduce signals to specific effector target molecules. The G protein transducin, Gt, couples photon-activated rhodopsin with the effector cyclic GMP phosophodiesterase (PDE) in the vertebrate phototransduction cascade. The interactions of the Gt ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35059138
更新日期:2001-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common form of kidney cancer, is characterized by elevated glycogen levels and fat deposition. These consistent metabolic alterations are associated with normoxic stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) secondary to von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) mutations that occu...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13557
更新日期:2014-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Ageing is characterized by the development of persistent pro-inflammatory responses that contribute to atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, cancer and frailty1-3. The ageing brain is also vulnerable to inflammation, as demonstrated by the high prevalence of age-associated cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease4-6. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03160-0
更新日期:2021-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::The actions of many peptide growth factors include both stimulation and inhibition of cell proliferation, as well as effects unrelated to the control of cell growth. One peptide can have both stimulatory and inhibitory activity in a single cell, depending on the context of the other signal molecules present. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/332217a0
更新日期:1988-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::Data from a rocket experiment show details which were not known from ground-based observations. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/226526a0
更新日期:1970-05-09 00:00:00
abstract::Metallothioneins are small cysteine-rich proteins that bind heavy metals such as zinc, cadmium, copper and mercury. Recent interest in these proteins has focused on the part they play in zinc metabolism and heavy metal detoxification. Our interest in metallothionein genes stems largely from the observations that these...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/292267a0
更新日期:1981-07-16 00:00:00
abstract::Somatic sexual differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster is accomplished by a hierarchy of genes of which one, Sex-lethal (Sxl), is required for the functional female-specific splicing of the transcripts of the immediately downstream regulatory gene, transformer (tra). The first exon of the tra primary transcript is ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/344461a0
更新日期:1990-03-29 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00676-y
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The application of human embryonic stem (ES) cells in medicine and biology has an inherent reliance on understanding the starting cell population. Human ES cells differ from mouse ES cells and the specific embryonic origin of both cell types is unclear. Previous work suggested that mouse ES cells could only be obtaine...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05972
更新日期:2007-07-12 00:00:00
abstract::In obesity and type 2 diabetes, expression of the GLUT4 glucose transporter is decreased selectively in adipocytes. Adipose-specific Glut4 (also known as Slc2a4) knockout (adipose-Glut4(-/-)) mice show insulin resistance secondarily in muscle and liver. Here we show, using DNA arrays, that expression of retinol bindin...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03711
更新日期:2005-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::Hox genes are essential for growth and patterning of the tetrapod limb skeleton. Mice mutant for the Hoxd-13 gene have an important delay in morphogenesis owing to reduced proliferation. Based on the appearance of atavisms in such mice, we suggested that modifications of Hox gene regulation may have been a source of m...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/375678a0
更新日期:1995-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::A large impact by a comet or meteorite releases an enormous amount of energy, which evaporates, melts and fractures the surrounding rocks. Distinctive features of such impacts are 'shatter cones', deformed rocks characterized by hierarchical striated features. Although such features have been used for decades as unequ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature00903
更新日期:2002-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::Cells operate in dynamic environments using extraordinary communication capabilities that emerge from the interactions of genetic circuitry. The mammalian immune response is a striking example of the coordination of different cell types. Cell-to-cell communication is primarily mediated by signalling molecules that for...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09145
更新日期:2010-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::The chemical evolution of the Earth and the terrestrial planets is largely controlled by the density of silicate melts. If melt density is higher than that of the surrounding solid, incompatible elements dissolved in the melt will be sequestered in the deep mantle. Previous studies on dry (water-free) melts showed tha...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04241
更新日期:2005-11-24 00:00:00
abstract::It has been shown that Neanderthals contributed genetically to modern humans outside Africa 47,000-65,000 years ago. Here we analyse the genomes of a Neanderthal and a Denisovan from the Altai Mountains in Siberia together with the sequences of chromosome 21 of two Neanderthals from Spain and Croatia. We find that a p...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature16544
更新日期:2016-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::The hydroxyl radical (OH) is a key oxidant involved in the removal of air pollutants and greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. The ratio of Northern Hemispheric to Southern Hemispheric (NH/SH) OH concentration is important for our understanding of emission estimates of atmospheric species such as nitrogen oxides and m...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13721
更新日期:2014-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Alkaloids, secondary metabolites that contain basic nitrogen atoms, are some of the most well-known biologically active natural products in chemistry and medicine. Although efficient laboratory synthesis of alkaloids would enable the study and optimization of their biological properties, their preparation is often com...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature14902
更新日期:2015-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2581-5
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The polypeptide chains that make up proteins have thousands of atoms and hence millions of possible inter-atomic interactions. It might be supposed that the resulting complexity would make prediction of protein structure and protein-folding mechanisms nearly impossible. But the fundamental physics underlying folding m...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35011000
更新日期:2000-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::In the era of precision cosmology, it is essential to determine the Hubble constant empirically with an accuracy of one per cent or better1. At present, the uncertainty on this constant is dominated by the uncertainty in the calibration of the Cepheid period-luminosity relationship2,3 (also known as the Leavitt law). ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0999-4
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The solar wind blows outward from the Sun and forms a bubble of solar material in the interstellar medium. The termination shock occurs where the solar wind changes from being supersonic (with respect to the surrounding interstellar medium) to being subsonic. The shock was crossed by Voyager 1 at a heliocentric radius...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07024
更新日期:2008-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::For cells of the innate immune system to mount a host defence response to infection, they must recognize products of microbial pathogens such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the endotoxin secreted by Gram-negative bacteria. These cellular responses require intracellular signalling pathways, such as the four MAP kinase (M...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/386296a0
更新日期:1997-03-20 00:00:00