Structure of the multimodular endonuclease FokI bound to DNA.

abstract：:Deviations from the universal genetic code have been reported for several microorganisms. Termination codons are used for coding some amino acids in Paramecium, Mycoplasma or Tetrahymena, and in Escherichia coli, the UGA termination codon is used to code for selenocysteine. In mitochondria, the changes of sense codons...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kawaguchi Y,Honda H,Taniguchi-Morimura J,Iwasaki S

更新日期：1989-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammasomes are intracellular protein complexes that drive the activation of inflammatory caspases. So far, four inflammasomes involving NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4 and AIM2 have been described that recruit the common adaptor protein ASC to activate caspase-1, leading to the secretion of mature IL-1β and IL-18 proteins. The...

journal_title：Nature

authors： He Y,Zeng MY,Yang D,Motro B,Núñez G

更新日期：2016-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Overfishing of large-bodied benthic fishes and their subsequent population collapses on the Scotian Shelf of Canada's east coast and elsewhere resulted in restructuring of entire food webs now dominated by planktivorous, forage fish species and macroinvertebrates. Despite the imposition of strict management measures i...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Frank KT,Petrie B,Fisher JA,Leggett WC

更新日期：2011-07-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Regular mesoporous oxide materials have been widely studied and have a range of potential applications, such as catalysis, absorption and separation. They are not generally considered for their optical and electronic properties. Elemental semiconductors with nanopores running through them represent a different form of...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Armatas GS,Kanatzidis MG

更新日期：2006-06-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Several distinct cell lineages are established during mouse embryogenesis. The trophectoderm and primitive endoderm give rise to extraembryonic structures alone, while the primitive ectoderm becomes the fetus proper. Recent studies suggest that the levels of DNA modification are lower in inactive X chromosomes from ex...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chapman V,Forrester L,Sanford J,Hastie N,Rossant J

更新日期：1984-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:To understand the mechanism of muscular contraction and its regulation by Ca2+ (ref. 3), it is important to know the arrangement and configuration of the myosin heads in the space between thin and thick filaments in relaxed muscle. This information is still lacking, mainly because the myosin reflections in the X-ray d...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Maéda Y

更新日期：1983-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the capacity of natural populations to adapt to their local environment is a central topic in evolutionary biology. Phenotypic differences between populations may have a genetic basis, but showing that they reflect different adaptive optima requires the quantification of both gene flow and selection. Goo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Postma E,van Noordwijk AJ

更新日期：2005-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The TATA sequence-binding factor TFIID plays a central role both in promoter activation by RNA polymerase II and other common initiation factors, and in promoter regulation by gene-specific factors. The sequence of yeast TFIID, which seems to be encoded by a single gene, contains interesting structural motifs that are...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Horikoshi M,Wang CK,Fujii H,Cromlish JA,Weil PA,Roeder RG

更新日期：1989-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:In mice gamma delta T-cell populations with distinct T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires and homing properties have been identified. Diversified populations are found in lymphoid organs and intestinal epithelia. By contrast, the gamma delta T-cells that have been found in the murine skin are homogeneous. They express a ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Itohara S,Farr AG,Lafaille JJ,Bonneville M,Takagaki Y,Haas W,Tonegawa S

更新日期：1990-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Serious, and occasionally fatal, anaphylactic-like (anaphylactoid) reactions may occur when a patient is exposed to a drug for the first time. Apart from the penicillins, nothing is known of the nature of antigenic or sensitizing drug determinants and, as yet, there is no evidence for the involvement of IgE antibodies...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Baldo BA,Fisher MM

更新日期：1983-11-17 00:00:00

abstract：:An outstanding question is how cells control the number and size of membrane organelles. The small GTPase Rab5 has been proposed to be a master regulator of endosome biogenesis. Here, to test this hypothesis, we developed a mathematical model of endosome dependency on Rab5 and validated it by titrating down all three ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zeigerer A,Gilleron J,Bogorad RL,Marsico G,Nonaka H,Seifert S,Epstein-Barash H,Kuchimanchi S,Peng CG,Ruda VM,Del Conte-Zerial P,Hengstler JG,Kalaidzidis Y,Koteliansky V,Zerial M

更新日期：2012-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Caste differentiation and division of labour are the hallmarks of insect societies and at the root of their ecological success. Kin selection predicts that caste determination should result from environmentally induced differences in gene expression, a prediction largely supported by empirical data. However, two excep...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Helms Cahan S,Keller L

更新日期：2003-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:HLA class II molecules are a highly polymorphic family of dimeric cell-surface proteins primarily involved in regulating T-cell responses to extrinsic antigens. To define regions of class II molecules involved in T-cell recognition, we have now compared sequences of three HLA DR beta cDNA clones obtained from cells th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cairns JS,Curtsinger JM,Dahl CA,Freeman S,Alter BJ,Bach FH

更新日期：1985-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：:In budding yeast many genes are expressed under cell-cycle control in late G1. These include a large group of DNA synthesis genes, the HO gene involved in mating-type switching, CTS1 (chitinase) and also CLN1 and CLN2 (ref. 4) encoding G1 cyclins. Two factors, encoded by the SWI4 and SWI6 genes, are required for HO (r...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lowndes NF,Johnson AL,Breeden L,Johnston LH

更新日期：1992-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Defining the functional relationships between proteins is critical for understanding virtually all aspects of cell biology. Large-scale identification of protein complexes has provided one important step towards this goal; however, even knowledge of the stoichiometry, affinity and lifetime of every protein-protein int...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Collins SR,Miller KM,Maas NL,Roguev A,Fillingham J,Chu CS,Schuldiner M,Gebbia M,Recht J,Shales M,Ding H,Xu H,Han J,Ingvarsdottir K,Cheng B,Andrews B,Boone C,Berger SL,Hieter P,Zhang Z,Brown GW,Ingles CJ,Emili

更新日期：2007-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Although cell adhesion to substrate must ultimately depend on 'sticking' by physical forces at the outer surface, we suggest that control is exercised through the 'grip' of the cytoskeleton. Our experiments indicate that grip can be relaxed by agents which release surface glycoproteins from some form of side-to-side o...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rees DA,Lloyd CW,Thom D

更新日期：1977-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The advent of endothermy, which is achieved through the continuous homeostatic regulation of body temperature and metabolism1,2, is a defining feature of mammalian and avian evolution. However, when challenged by food deprivation or harsh environmental conditions, many mammalian species initiate adaptive energy-conser...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hrvatin S,Sun S,Wilcox OF,Yao H,Lavin-Peter AJ,Cicconet M,Assad EG,Palmer ME,Aronson S,Banks AS,Griffith EC,Greenberg ME

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), a much milder form of the disease where the age of onset can sometimes be as late as the third or fourth decade of life, are caused by mutations in the same X-linked gene, a 14 kilobase (kb) transcript which is spread over more than 2 megabases of ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： England SB,Nicholson LV,Johnson MA,Forrest SM,Love DR,Zubrzycka-Gaarn EE,Bulman DE,Harris JB,Davies KE

更新日期：1990-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of immunologic interventions that can target the viral reservoir in HIV-1-infected individuals is a major goal of HIV-1 research. However, little evidence exists that the viral reservoir can be sufficiently targeted to improve virologic control following discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy. Here ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Borducchi EN,Cabral C,Stephenson KE,Liu J,Abbink P,Ng'ang'a D,Nkolola JP,Brinkman AL,Peter L,Lee BC,Jimenez J,Jetton D,Mondesir J,Mojta S,Chandrashekar A,Molloy K,Alter G,Gerold JM,Hill AL,Lewis MG,Pau MG,Schuit

更新日期：2016-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Activated oncogenes and anticancer chemotherapy induce cellular senescence, a terminal growth arrest of viable cells characterized by S-phase entry-blocking histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3). Although therapy-induced senescence (TIS) improves long-term outcomes, potentially harmful properties of senescent tu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dörr JR,Yu Y,Milanovic M,Beuster G,Zasada C,Däbritz JH,Lisec J,Lenze D,Gerhardt A,Schleicher K,Kratzat S,Purfürst B,Walenta S,Mueller-Klieser W,Gräler M,Hummel M,Keller U,Buck AK,Dörken B,Willmitzer L,Reimann M,

更新日期：2013-09-19 00:00:00

abstract：:gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system, is known to operate bicuculline-sensitive Cl- channels through GABAA receptors and bicuculline-insensitive cation channels through GABAB receptors. Recent observations indicate that the retina may contain GABA receptor...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Feigenspan A,Wässle H,Bormann J

更新日期：1993-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Microscopic diamond was recently discovered in oxidized acid residues from several carbonaceous chondrite meteorites (for example, the C delta component of the Allende meteorite). Some of the reported properties of C delta seem in conflict with those expected of diamond. Here we present high spatial resolution analy...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Blake DF,Freund F,Krishnan KF,Echer CJ,Shipp R,Bunch TE,Tielens AG,Lipari RJ,Hetherington CJ,Chang S

更新日期：1988-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an early-onset developmental disorder characterized by deficits in communication and social interaction and restrictive or repetitive behaviours1,2. Family studies demonstrate that ASD has a substantial genetic basis with contributions both from inherited and de novo variants3,4. It h...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mitra I,Huang B,Mousavi N,Ma N,Lamkin M,Yanicky R,Shleizer-Burko S,Lohmueller KE,Gymrek M

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The crab Xenograpsus testudinatus lives at enormously high densities around the sulphur-rich hydrothermal vents found in shallow waters off Taiwan, even though this acidic environment is low in nutrients. Here we show that these crabs swarm out of their crevices at slack water and feed on the vast numbers of zooplankt...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jeng MS,Ng NK,Ng PK

更新日期：2004-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The Nuffield Council on Bioethics suggests that introgression of genetic material into related species in centres of crop biodiversity is an insufficient justification to bar the use of genetically modified crops in the developing world. They consider that a precautionary approach to forgo the possible benefits invoke...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Celis C,Scurrah M,Cowgill S,Chumbiauca S,Green J,Franco J,Main G,Kiezebrink D,Visser RG,Atkinson HJ

更新日期：2004-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:IN 1969, Murozumi et al.1 demonstrated that the concentration of lead in Greenland snow had increased by a factor of 200 since ancient times, and concluded that most of this increase was a result of the use of alkyl-leaded petrol. Partly because of these findings, the United States and other western countries limited ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rosman KJR,Chisholm W,Boutron CF,Candelone JP,Görlach U

更新日期：1993-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor transduces the binding of glutamate and glycine, coupling it to the opening of a calcium-permeable ion channel 1 . Owing to the lack of high-resolution structural studies of the NMDA receptor, the mechanism by which ion-channel blockers occlude ion permeation is not well unders...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Song X,Jensen MØ,Jogini V,Stein RA,Lee CH,Mchaourab HS,Shaw DE,Gouaux E

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arid ecosystems, which occupy about 20% of the earth's terrestrial surface area, have been predicted to be one of the most responsive ecosystem types to elevated atmospheric CO2 and associated global climate change. Here we show, using free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technology in an intact Mojave Desert ecosystem, tha...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Smith SD,Huxman TE,Zitzer SF,Charlet TN,Housman DC,Coleman JS,Fenstermaker LK,Seemann JR,Nowak RS

更新日期：2000-11-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Methyl chloride is the largest natural source of ozone-depleting chlorine compounds, and accounts for about 15 per cent of the present atmospheric chlorine content. This contribution was likely to have been relatively greater in pre-industrial times, when additional anthropogenic sources-such as chlorofluorocarbons-we...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yokouchi Y,Ikeda M,Inuzuka Y,Yukawa T

更新日期：2002-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The upper temperature at which a living system can exist is limited by the hydrolytic breakdown rate of its chemical constituents. The peptide bonds of proteins, the phosphodiester and N-glycosyl bonds in RNA and DNA, and the pyrophosphate and N-glycosyl bonds in nucleotides such as ATP and NAD are among the more impo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： White RH

更新日期：1984-08-02 00:00:00