Abstract：
:The role of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in driver impairment and motor vehicle crashes has traditionally been established in experimental and epidemiological studies. Experimental studies have repeatedly shown that THC impairs cognition, psychomotor function and actual driving performance in a dose related manner. The degree of performance impairment observed in experimental studies after doses up to 300 microg/kg THC were equivalent to the impairing effect of an alcohol dose producing a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) >/=0.05 g/dl, the legal limit for driving under the influence in most European countries. Higher doses of THC, i.e. >300 microg/kg THC have not been systematically studied but can be predicted to produce even larger impairment. Detrimental effects of THC were more prominent in certain driving tasks than others. Highly automated behaviors, such as road tracking control, were more affected by THC as compared to more complex driving tasks requiring conscious control. Epidemiological findings on the role of THC in vehicle crashes have sometimes contrasted findings from experimental research. Case-control studies generally confirmed experimental data, but culpability surveys showed little evidence that crashed drivers who only used cannabis are more likely to cause accidents than drug free drivers. However, most culpability surveys have established cannabis use among crashed drivers by determining the presence of an inactive metabolite of THC in blood or urine that can be detected for days after smoking and can only be taken as evidence for past use of cannabis. Surveys that established recent use of cannabis by directly measuring THC in blood showed that THC positives, particularly at higher doses, are about three to seven times more likely to be responsible for their crash as compared to drivers that had not used drugs or alcohol. Together these epidemiological data suggests that recent use of cannabis may increase crash risk, whereas past use of cannabis does not. Experimental and epidemiological research provided similar findings concerning the combined use of THC and alcohol in traffic. Combined use of THC and alcohol produced severe impairment of cognitive, psychomotor, and actual driving performance in experimental studies and sharply increased the crash risk in epidemiological analyses.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Dependjournal_title
Drug and alcohol dependenceauthors
Ramaekers JG,Berghaus G,van Laar M,Drummer OHdoi
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.10.008keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-02-07 00:00:00pages
109-19issue
2eissn
0376-8716issn
1879-0046pii
S0376871603002849journal_volume
73pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies have found individuals with family histories of alcohol use disorders are more impulsive on some but not all laboratory behavioral measures, suggesting deficits on specific forms of impulse control. However, drawing conclusions is tenuous because these different measures have not been admini...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.02.001
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One hundred thirty-nine male veterans receiving treatment for alcoholism were administered the Cornell Medical Index (CMI), neuropsychological tests comprising the Brain Age Quotient (BAQ) and the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT). Patients endorsing items on scale J (frequency of illness) of the CMI comprised a freq...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(83)90008-x
更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Opioid receptor agonists can modulate the activity of dopamine neurons and could therefore, modify the behavioral effects of drugs that act through the dopamine systems, such as d-amphetamine and cocaine. We tested the ability of agonists selective for the mu- (morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, nalbuphine and heroin...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(97)00129-4
更新日期：1997-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies have examined associations between alcohol use in pregnancy and offspring birth size but evidence on whether associations persist during childhood is limited. METHODS:We examined the association between maternal drinking during pregnancy and trajectories of offspring weight and height from ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.035
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cocaine-related deaths are continuously rising and its overdose is often associated with lethal cardiotoxic effects. METHODS AND RESULTS:Our approach, employing isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and light scattering in parallel, has confirmed the significant affinity of human cardiac calsequestrin (CAS...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.06.012
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High or inelastic demand for drugs is central to many laboratory and theoretical models of drug abuse, but it has not been widely measured with human substance abusers. The authors used a simulated cigarette purchase task to generate a demand curve measure of nicotine reinforcement in a sample of 138 adolescent smoker...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.08.004
更新日期：2011-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to self-administered drugs is sufficient to produce drug-seeking in animal models. In many cases priming injections of drugs that share discriminative stimulus properties with the self-administered drug also can lead to drug-seeking, suggesting that exposure might precipitate relapse. The present investigatio...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.03.014
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the patterns of acquisitive crime during methadone maintenance treatment among chronic, treatment-resistant heroin users eligible for heroin assisted treatment in the Netherlands. METHODS:We retrospectively assessed the type and number of illegal activities during 1 month of standard methadone m...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.05.021
更新日期：2007-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Many studies have revealed a widespread pattern of gray matter (GM) atrophy by using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies involving the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence. However, the spatial localization of GM abnormalities reported in previous studies is heterogeneous. Here, we aimed to investigate th...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.030
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This longitudinal cohort study of 324 consecutive admissions to methadone maintenance treatment between 08/1994 and 09/1997 compared 1-year outcomes of opioid-dependent patients referred from a syringe exchange program (SEP; n=81) versus other sources (n=243). All participants received stepped-based counseling. The Ad...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.03.026
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To identify predictors of perceived (a) risk of harm associated with inhalant use and (b) intention to use inhalants among adolescent inhalant users. METHOD:Participants were 279 lifetime inhalant users (M(age)=15.5, 84% male) identified in a statewide survey of 723 adolescents in Missouri Division of Youth ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.04.005
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A common observation in the research literature is that children of drug-dependent parents are at significantly heightened risk of adolescent drug use, abuse, and dependence. Recent research indicates that several psychological and interpersonal factors may affect the association between parents' psychoactive substanc...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(02)00005-4
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Medical marijuana use may substitute prescription opioid use, whereas nonmedical marijuana use may be a risk factor of prescription opioid misuse. This study examined the associations between recreational marijuana legalization and prescription opioids received by Medicaid enrollees. METHODS:State-level qua...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.09.016
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study identifies the prevalence, correlates, and sources associated with the illicit use of prescription pain medication among undergraduate college students. A cross-sectional, web-based survey was self-administered by a large random sample of 9,161 undergraduate students attending a large Midwestern university ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.07.005
更新日期：2005-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In August 2013, a naloxone distribution program was implemented in North Carolina (NC). This study evaluated that program by quantifying the association between the program and county-level opioid overdose death (OOD) rates and conducting a cost-benefit analysis. METHODS:One-group pre-post design. Data incl...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.038
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recent trial (n=508) of "Making Alcoholics Anonymous Easier" (MAAEZ), a group-format 12-step facilitation program, showed that MAAEZ participants had increased odds of abstinence (OR=1.58; p=0.063). Effects were especially marked in several subgroups, including those with more prior AA/NA/CA exposure, and those with...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.12.008
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite evidence that cannabinoid receptors are located in movement-related brain regions (e.g., basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum), and that chronic cannabis use is associated with structural and functional brain changes, little is known about the long-term effect of cannabis use on human movem...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.017
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous research shows that between individuals there is a positive association between medically motivated use and cannabis use frequency and quantity. While between-subjects' analyses are useful for understanding shared vulnerabilities, research has so far not examined within-subjects' relationships which...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.014
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The major objectives of the present study were 2-fold: (1) to demonstrate the superiority of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology in the comparison of screening tests that yield continuous values; and (2) to identify the best screening indicator of current drug use disorders in alcoholics. We evaluated ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(88)90056-7
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alcohol increases libido, inhibits sexual physiological responses and adversely affects reproductive processes in men and women. The mechanisms that underlie these effects are examined and the implications of these effects are discussed. ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(80)90158-1
更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To explore the mechanisms mediating the effects of acute morphine on the immune system, effects of ganglionic blockade with chlorisondamine on acute high dose morphine-induced alterations in blood lymphocyte proliferation, white blood cell counts, spleen lymphocyte proliferation and splenic natural killer (NK) cell cy...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00184-8
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sites of action of naloxone and the possible interaction between supraspinally and spinally administered naloxone in precipitating withdrawal jumping were investigated by comparing the ED50 value and central nervous system (CNS) content of naloxone after three different administration routes in morphine-dependent ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(93)80009-4
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The short-term effects of intravenous opioids (heroin 20-300 mg, methadone 30-180 mg) on cortical hemoglobin oxygenation were examined by near infrared spectroscopy in ten opioid-dependent subjects and were compared with the effects of saline in ten age-matched normal controls. Heroin and methadone produced a rapid an...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00036-8
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Safety monitoring is a critical element of clinical trials evaluating treatment for substance dependence, but is complicated by participants' high levels of medical and psychiatric comorbidity. This paper describes AEs reported in a large (N = 286), 29-week outpatient study of behavioral interventions for heroin and c...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.03.007
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on prior clinical trials indicating that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-based anticonvulsant medications reduce drug craving in cocaine dependent study participants, we tested the effects of valproate treatment on cue-induced cocaine craving. Crack cocaine dependent individuals (N=20) were tested in a randomized...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.02.010
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Determine if a brief intervention (BI) reduces the negative consequences of drug use/misuse among adult emergency department (ED) patients, and identify patients more likely to benefit from the BI. METHODS:This randomized, controlled trial enrolled 1026 18-64 year-old ED patients whose drug misuse indicated...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.10.007
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Few studies of the natural history of DSM-IV inhalant substance use disorders (I-SUDs) have been conducted. This investigation examined the prevalence, timing, and predictors of transitions from inhalant use to formal I-SUDs among inhalant users within a nationally representative sample. METHODS:Participant...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.10.017
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Reduced cardio-vascular health has been found in patients suffering from alcohol dependence. Low cardio-respiratory fitness is an independent predictor of cardio-vascular disease. METHODS:We investigated physical fitness in 22 alcohol-dependent patients 10 days after acute alcohol withdrawal and compared re...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.03.016
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a therapeutic workplace business, drug abuse patients are hired as data entry operators and paid to perform data entry work contingent upon documented drug abstinence. Reliable attendance has been difficult to maintain despite the opportunity for operators to earn a living wage, 6 h per day, 5 days per week. A with...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.12.013
更新日期：2004-06-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Premature termination of treatment by the client has been a pervasive problem in the alcohol treatment field. This drop-out problem is compounded in conjoint therapy for alcoholic couples since most clients typically do not view the drinking problem from a systemic, interactional perspective. Within a short-term commu...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(83)90023-6
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
