Abstract：
BACKGROUND:In August 2013, a naloxone distribution program was implemented in North Carolina (NC). This study evaluated that program by quantifying the association between the program and county-level opioid overdose death (OOD) rates and conducting a cost-benefit analysis. METHODS:One-group pre-post design. Data included annual county-level counts of naloxone kits distributed from 2013 to 2016 and mortality data from 2000-2016. We used generalized estimating equations to estimate the association between cumulative rates of naloxone kits distributed and annual OOD rates. Costs included naloxone kit purchases and distribution costs; benefits were quantified as OODs avoided and monetized using a conservative value of a life. RESULTS:The rate of OOD in counties with 1-100 cumulative naloxone kits distributed per 100,000 population was 0.90 times (95% CI: 0.78, 1.04) that of counties that had not received kits. In counties that received >100 cumulative kits per 100,000 population, the OOD rate was 0.88 times (95% CI: 0.76, 1.02) that of counties that had not received kits. By December 2016, an estimated 352 NC deaths were avoided by naloxone distribution (95% CI: 189, 580). On average, for every dollar spent on the program, there was $2742 of benefit due to OODs avoided (95% CI: $1,237, $4882). CONCLUSIONS:Our estimates suggest that community-based naloxone distribution is associated with lower OOD rates. The program generated substantial societal benefits due to averted OODs. States and communities should continue to support efforts to increase naloxone access, which may include reducing legal, financial, and normative barriers.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Dependjournal_title
Drug and alcohol dependenceauthors
Naumann RB,Durrance CP,Ranapurwala SI,Austin AE,Proescholdbell S,Childs R,Marshall SW,Kansagra S,Shanahan MEdoi
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.038subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-11-01 00:00:00pages
107536eissn
0376-8716issn
1879-0046pii
S0376-8716(19)30295-9journal_volume
204pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aims were to determine: (i) quantity and frequency of same-day use of opioids with benzodiazepines and/or alcohol amongst people who regularly tamper with pharmaceutical opioids; and (ii) socio-demographic, mental health, harms and treatment profile associated with same-day use of high doses. METHOD:The ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.003
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Substance use disorders (SUD) might concern as many as 8-15% of physicians. Previous studies suggest that self-diagnosis and self-medication are common practices among physicians. The aim of this review was to identify if barriers to seeking help and medical care for impaired physicians exist. We also aimed ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.004
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contingency management (CM) is an evidence-based treatment, and clinicians are beginning to implement this intervention in practice. However, little research exists on methods for assuring appropriate implementation of CM. This study describes the development and psychometric properties of the 12-item CM Competence Sc...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.12.027
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Propylhexedrine, a sympathomimetic with varied medicinal uses, is one of the compounds to be reviewed by the Expert Committee convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) to determine whether the compound should be scheduled under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. This paper reviews the pharmacology, medic...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(86)90013-x
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Healthcare professionals are crucial in access to treatment for patients with substance use disorders. However, healthcare professionals often have negative attitudes towards this patient group. Healthcare professionals' regard for working with patients with substance use disorders was examined and three sec...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.09.012
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Safety monitoring is a critical element of clinical trials evaluating treatment for substance dependence, but is complicated by participants' high levels of medical and psychiatric comorbidity. This paper describes AEs reported in a large (N = 286), 29-week outpatient study of behavioral interventions for heroin and c...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.03.007
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Little is known about the effects of alcohol dependence on cortical concentrations of glutamate (Glu) or gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to study cross-sectionally and longitudinally the concentrations of these in alcohol dependent individuals (ALC) during...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.03.012
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study seeks to identify changes in perceived barriers to alcohol treatment and predictors of treatment use between 1991-92 and 2001-02, to potentially help understand reported reductions in treatment use at this time. Social, economic, and health trends during these 10 years provide a context for the st...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.005
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies of drinking drivers in alcohol-related crashes have shown that high breath-alcohol concentrations (BrACs) are associated with illegal drug use. Until the 2007 National Roadside Survey (NRS), the prevalence of drugs among drinking drivers on U.S. roads was unknown. Using NRS data, we explore how many ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.11.007
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Questionnaire (SOWQ) and the Objective Opiate Withdrawal Scale (OOWS) were administered to detect withdrawal distress during a rapid opiate detoxification. No correlations could be observed between the clinical assessments and self ratings of the 20 patients participating in this study...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(91)90059-8
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interest in oral fluid as an alternative matrix for monitoring drug use is due to its ease-of-collection and non-invasiveness; however, limited data are available on the disposition of drugs into oral fluid. The objective of this research was to provide data on the presence and concentrations of heroin, cocaine and mu...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.08.020
更新日期：2007-03-16 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Harm associated with injecting drug use is a significant public health issue and a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with global estimates of 3 million injectors infected with HIV and 8 million living with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Estimates of program coverage are widely used in the c...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.09.030
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fifty of sixty original study subjects were assessed via two questionnaires and urinalysis tests between six months and one year following completion of the experimental program. Results indicate a high rate of retention in methadone/methadyl acetate treatment, and point to the need for positive social context, satisf...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(80)90195-7
更新日期：1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A sample of 175 individuals were interviewed and divided in three subgroups of couples: (1) the husband was in an Anonymous Alcoholics program, (2) the husband had been diagnosed as alcoholic and (3) the husband had a regular pattern of high alcohol consumption. In personal interviews by specialized personnel the foll...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(88)90016-6
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients with prescription opioid use disorder commonly report relief of chronic pain as the chief reason for first opioid use; indeed, the prevalence of chronic pain is high in this population. Understanding the association between pain severity and subsequent opioid use is crucial for understanding how to ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.04.023
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared with chronic intravenous cannulas and cortical and muscle electrodes for recording electroencephalograms and electromyograms, respectively. They were made physically dependent on morphine by automatic intravenous injections and then trained to lever press in order to self...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(77)90014-x
更新日期：1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study compared pregnant drug-dependent women reporting homelessness (n=117) or being domiciled (n=118) at treatment enrollment on initial psychosocial functioning and subsequent drug treatment outcome. Homeless pregnant women presented with greater drug use and medical problems, less social service income,...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(02)00229-6
更新日期：2003-01-24 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Mortality rates are elevated among heroin-dependent populations compared to the general population. Liver disease is emerging as an important contributor to mortality as the heroin-dependent population ages. Two major risk factors for liver disease are hepatitis C virus infection and chronic heavy alcohol us...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.11.012
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study was undertaken in order to estimate the frequency of occurrence of alcohol problems among female and male employees in selected large work settings with ongoing occupational alcoholism/employee assistance programs. Randomly selected employees provided information through a survey about their alcohol related be...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(81)90109-5
更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Contingency management (CM), despite the evidence base for its effectiveness, remains controversial, with sub-optimal implementation. In 2007, UK guidelines recommended the use of CM in publicly funded services, but uptake has also been minimal. Previous surveys of service providers suggest differences in op...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.05.016
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several phenylethylamines are under consideration for international control. The effects of repeated administration of these compounds, including tolerance, physical dependence and central nervous system (CNS) toxicity, are reviewed here. The compounds can be divided into two major chemical groups: those with substitu...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(86)90005-0
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) have been available without a prescription in the United States since 1996. Given that nicotine, at least as it is delivered through tobacco products, is addictive, we examined whether NRT was being used by individuals who have never smoked cigarettes. Adults (n=18,986) and adolesc...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.05.001
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The information on drinking habits contained in medical records with that obtained through the CAGE alcoholism screening test was compared for 124 inpatients of a teaching general hospital. This survey was followed by testing the possibility of introducing the CAGE test into the routine clinical interview. A second an...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(85)90083-3
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper provides a detailed analysis of the 2-year outcomes for 351 drug misusers allocated on an intention-to-treat basis to methadone maintenance or methadone reduction treatments. Both groups showed substantial reductions in their use of illicit drugs and in other outcome areas. However, whereas most methadone m...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00211-8
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A large number of studies have given clear indications that ethanol does affect the physicochemical properties of the membrane. Membrane reorganization and adaptation can develop against the acute disordering effect of ethanol during chronic intoxication. Nevertheless, there has been so far no direct evidence of corre...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(90)90142-2
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Ethanol and cocaine are widely abused drugs triggering long-lasting changes in neuronal circuits and synaptic transmission through the regulation of enzyme activity and gene expression. Compelling evidence indicates that the ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a role in the molecular changes induced by addicti...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.02.012
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies have found individuals with family histories of alcohol use disorders are more impulsive on some but not all laboratory behavioral measures, suggesting deficits on specific forms of impulse control. However, drawing conclusions is tenuous because these different measures have not been admini...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.02.001
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examine the association between education and smoking by women in the population, including smoking during pregnancy, and identify risk factors for smoking and the consequences of smoking in pregnancy for children's smoking and behavioral problems. Secondary analyses of four national data sets were implemented: The...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.12.005
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One hundred and seventy-nine patients who were dependent on street narcotics were inducted into LAAM. Ninety-two were inducted using a slow schedule: 20, 20, 30, 30, 40, 40, 50, 50, 60, 60, 70, 70, 75 mg on successive clinic visits (Mon., Wed., Fri.). Only 23% of the patients followed this schedule to 50 mg; 55% reque...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(79)90024-3
更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Point-of-care drug checking services, wherein individuals can check the content and purity of their drugs, have emerged as a public health intervention to address the fentanyl crisis; however, there have been no rigorous evaluations of the technologies against reference standard laboratory techniques. METHO...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108006
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
