Abstract:
:Nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) have been available without a prescription in the United States since 1996. Given that nicotine, at least as it is delivered through tobacco products, is addictive, we examined whether NRT was being used by individuals who have never smoked cigarettes. Adults (n=18,986) and adolescents (n=9187) who participated in the in-home survey and physical examination components of the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were assessed for cigarette smoking status, other tobacco use or exposure, and use of NRT. Among the 8415 adults (ages 20 and older) who reported never having smoked 100 cigarettes and who provided a blood sample during their physical exam, 3 (0.08%; 95% CI=0.02-0.28%) reported using NRT within the 5 days prior to being examined. Among the 5510 adolescents (aged 12-19 years) who reported never smoking and who provided a blood sample, 5 (0.12%; 95% CI=0.04%-0.36%) reported using NRT. Analyses of cotinine (a metabolite of nicotine) from their blood samples, along with analysis of their other survey responses regarding additional nicotine exposures suggest that it is unlikely that any of the adults were never smokers using NRT and perhaps 2 adolescents may have been never smokers who used NRT. Based on these assessments, the re-estimated prevalence of NRT use by never smokers would be 0% among adults and 0.05% (95% CI=0.01-0.27%) among adolescents.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Dependjournal_title
Drug and alcohol dependenceauthors
Gerlach KK,Rohay JM,Gitchell JG,Shiffman Sdoi
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.05.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-11-01 00:00:00pages
154-8issue
1-2eissn
0376-8716issn
1879-0046pii
S0376-8716(08)00187-7journal_volume
98pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Family history of addiction is a risk factor for substance use disorders. Delay discounting (DD) is associated with the risk of substance use and dependence, and is predictive of the likelihood of successful abstinence and treatment outcomes; thus, we investigated the extent to which having parents with addi...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.037
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Incarceration is common among people who inject drugs. Prior research has shown that incarceration is a marker of elevated risk for opioid overdose, suggesting that the criminal justice system may be an important, under-utilized venue for implementing overdose prevention strategies. To better understand the ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.06.023
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines the problem of effective treatment for alcoholic patients with concurrent psychopathology. The subjects were 131 male veterans admitted to the Coatesville Veterans Administration Medical Center. They remained in an alcohol rehabilitation program at least five days following detoxification and were ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(81)90083-1
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:States have attempted to reduce prescription opioid abuse through strengthening the regulation of pain management clinics; however, the effect of such measures remains unclear. We quantified the impact of Texas's September 2010 "pill mill" law on opioid prescribing and utilization. METHODS:We used the IMS H...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.12.025
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Family studies typically use multiple sources of information on each individual including direct interviews and family history information. The aims of the present study were to: (1) assess agreement for diagnoses of specific substance use disorders between direct interviews and the family history method; (2...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.05.023
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome is a variant of cyclical vomiting syndrome in a context of chronic cannabis usage. Our aim was to compare French cases to those identified in the international literature in order to further our knowledge of the clinical criteria, pathophysiology and treatments for cannabinoi...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.038
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current study explored the judgments individuals with Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) make regarding the authenticity of enjoyment smiles and masking smiles containing traces of negative emotions. Accuracy at identifying the masked negative emotions were also examined. Eye-movements were recorded to observe relatio...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107842
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A large number of studies have given clear indications that ethanol does affect the physicochemical properties of the membrane. Membrane reorganization and adaptation can develop against the acute disordering effect of ethanol during chronic intoxication. Nevertheless, there has been so far no direct evidence of corre...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(90)90142-2
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite the growing prevalence of prescription opioid dependence, longitudinal studies have not examined long-term treatment response. The current study examined outcomes over 42 months in the Prescription Opioid Addiction Treatment Study (POATS). METHODS:POATS was a multi-site clinical trial lasting up to ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.030
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep duration and indices of disturbed sleep, such as night-time waking and day-time sleep, were investigated in amphetamine users following hospital admission and withdrawal from the drug. Compared to controls, the amphetamine group showed an initial period of oversleeping and, towards the end of the first week, the...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(82)90010-2
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to clarify the extent of neuropsychological impairment previously found among amphetamine users (McKetin and Mattick, 1997) by comparing them with a non-drug-using control group. Amphetamine users who were classified as low dependence (n = 15) or high dependence (n = 11) according to the ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(98)00022-2
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adults with mood and anxiety disorders have an increased likelihood of being prescribed opioids. The influence of other mental disorders, such as psychotic and attention disorders, on opioid prescribing patterns is less known. METHODS:We studied a population-representative sample of 166,927 outpatient visit...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108414
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Alcohol cues can precipitate the desire to drink and cause relapse in recovering alcohol-dependent patients. Serotonin and dopamine may play a role in alcohol cue-induced craving. Acute combined tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), and phenylalanine (Phe) depletion (CMD) in the diet attenuates the synthesis of ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.01.006
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study measured effectiveness of behavioral day treatment plus abstinence contingent housing and work therapy (DT+) versus behavioral day treatment alone (DT). A randomized controlled trial assessed participants at baseline, 2 and 6 months. Participants (N=110) met criteria for cocaine abuse or dependence, non-psy...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00139-8
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptosomal plasma membrane (SPM), like other plasma membranes, is composed of lipids and proteins and appears to conform to the "fluid mosaic" model proposed by Singer and Nicolson. SPM components show a marked asymmetry with respect to their inside-outside distribution, with the majority of proteins being external....
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(79)90064-4
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifty of sixty original study subjects were assessed via two questionnaires and urinalysis tests between six months and one year following completion of the experimental program. Results indicate a high rate of retention in methadone/methadyl acetate treatment, and point to the need for positive social context, satisf...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(80)90195-7
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study substantiates previous reports that low platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity is associated with alcoholism. Catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) activity in erythrocytes of alcoholics did not differ from that of controls. In 20 male alcoholics low platelet MAO activity was found during the first 3 days ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(83)90056-x
更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of experiments have evaluated self-administration of the combination of a stimulant and an opioid. Less is known about the combination of a stimulant and a CNS depressant. The present experiment was designed to examine self-administration of the mixture of cocaine and pentobarbital (PB). Rhesus monkeys (n=4) ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.10.013
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although there has been growing concern in recent years about an escalation in the use of LSD and other hallucinogens, little is known about the distribution of the use of these drugs in the United States population. In order to fill this gap, we used generalized additive models to analyze data from the 1988, 1990, an...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(96)01297-5
更新日期:1996-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Most smoking cessation programs advise abrupt rather than gradual cessation. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of gradual cessation (n=297) vs. abrupt cessation (n=299) vs. minimal treatment (n=150) among smokers who wanted to quit now and preferred to quit gradually. Participants were recruited via newspape...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.04.007
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Physical pain is considered a potential predictor of relapse in alcohol-dependent individuals after treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether reductions in pain level during the follow-up period after treatment were associated with lower relapse risk. METHOD:A sample of 366 participants was re...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.020
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) is a screening instrument to detect substance use in primary care (PC). To screen for illicit substances (excluding tobacco and alcohol), the ASSIST consists of 8-57 questions and requires complicated scoring. To improve the efficiency of scree...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.03.029
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study was undertaken in order to estimate the frequency of occurrence of alcohol problems among female and male employees in selected large work settings with ongoing occupational alcoholism/employee assistance programs. Randomly selected employees provided information through a survey about their alcohol related be...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(81)90109-5
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary prevention in drug abuse has been, most of the time, reduced to its informational aspect. This paper points out some of the errors made in this field, both by contributing to the 'inflation' of the drug problem and by using scare tactics as preventive arguments. It invites consideration of drug addiction not a...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(83)90099-6
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In August 2013, a naloxone distribution program was implemented in North Carolina (NC). This study evaluated that program by quantifying the association between the program and county-level opioid overdose death (OOD) rates and conducting a cost-benefit analysis. METHODS:One-group pre-post design. Data incl...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.038
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:With the increasingly permissive legal and social environments regarding marijuana, it is important to understand prenatal marijuana use from the perspective of women who use marijuana. Our objective was to qualitatively describe the marijuana use experiences, beliefs, and attitudes of women who used marijuan...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.11.028
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Gender differences in the prevalence and characteristics of misuse of methamphetamine (meth) and prescription stimulants were examined in a representative US sample of youths and young adults aged 16-25 (N=24,409). METHODS:Stimulant misusers were categorized into three mutually exclusive subgroups: meth use...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.12.020
更新日期:2007-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Providing information about substances injected can reduce the negative impact of illicit drug consumption and support people who inject drugs to make informed decisions. In Australia, information about drugs injected relies largely on periodic self-report surveys. For the first time, the analysis of the residual cont...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107909
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study analyzes causes of deaths of 766 patients who died while in methadone treatment in Texas between 1994 and 2002. Compared with deaths in the general population of Texas, deaths of clients in methadone treatment were 4.6 times more likely to be from a drug overdose, 3.4 times more likely to be from liver dise...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.09.006
更新日期:2005-04-04 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To investigate the association between socio-demographic characteristics and alcohol consumption in India. METHODS:Analytical data were derived from household surveys conducted by the study team that included 6088 adults in five states of India (male = 3803, female = 2285). The sample was a cross-sectional selecte...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.12.024
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00