Abstract：
:Most smoking cessation programs advise abrupt rather than gradual cessation. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of gradual cessation (n=297) vs. abrupt cessation (n=299) vs. minimal treatment (n=150) among smokers who wanted to quit now and preferred to quit gradually. Participants were recruited via newspaper and radio advertisements. The gradual and abrupt conditions received five phone calls (total=90 min) and the minimal treatment condition received two calls (25 min total). The gradual condition received nicotine lozenge (via mail) to reduce smoking prior to their quit date. After the quit day, all participants received lozenge. The primary outcome was prolonged abstinence from 2 weeks post-quit day through 6 months. Prior to the quit day, the gradual condition decreased cigarettes/day by 54%, whereas the other two conditions decreased by 1% and 5%. Prolonged abstinence rates (CO<10 ppm) did not differ among gradual, abrupt and minimal treatment conditions (4%, 7% and 5%), nor did 7-day point prevalence rates (7%, 11% and 11%). Fewer smokers in the gradual condition (48%) made a quit attempt than in the abrupt (64%) or minimal (60%) conditions (p<.001). In the gradual condition, every week delay to the quit date increased the probability of lapsing by 19% (p<.001). We conclude that among smokers who want to stop gradually in the near future, gradual cessation with nicotine pre-treatment does not produce higher quit rates than abrupt cessation. One liability of gradual reduction may be that it allows smokers to delay their quit date.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Dependjournal_title
Drug and alcohol dependenceauthors
Hughes JR,Solomon LJ,Livingston AE,Callas PW,Peters ENdoi
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.04.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-09-01 00:00:00pages
105-13issue
1-2eissn
0376-8716issn
1879-0046pii
S0376-8716(10)00131-6journal_volume
111pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：BACKGROUND:Adolescence is a stage of development with increased risk of drug use. Individual personality traits are among those factors that influence the onset of substance use in adolescence and its psychiatric comorbidity. Little research has been done on the comorbidity between substance abuse risk and Asperger syn...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.07.022
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recreational cannabis use and alcohol binge drinking are the most common drug consumption patterns in young adults. Impulsivity and several psychopathological signs are increased in chronic drug users, but the implications of recreational use are still poorly understood. METHODS:We evaluated impulsivity, se...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.02.011
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is argued that studying the drinking patterns of adolescents can add much to our understanding of alcohol use. The present paper hypothesises that heavy drinkers will be experiencing more stress than light, moderate or non-drinkers and that consequently, they will perceive themselves as doing worse in school and wi...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(85)90113-9
更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A statistical analysis of the MAST scores obtained by its administration to industrial workers, hospitalized alcoholics and persons arrested driving while intoxicated has been performed. The author discusses the modalities and possibilities of improving the test reliability which will increase its efficiency in the sc...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(89)90064-1
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Research examining alcohol use trajectories among Latina/os is scarce. Further, prior findings on alcohol use by ethnic group and gender is mixed. The purpose of this study was twofold: (a.) to examine developmental trajectories for two types of alcohol (drunkenness and heavy drinking) use across four Latina...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.08.008
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To test the acceptability and feasibility of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of mood and injection risk behavior among young people who inject drugs (PWID), using mobile phones. METHODS:Participants were 185 PWID age 18-35 recruited from two sites of a large syringe service program in Chicago. After complet...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.016
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Monitoring of emerging modes of drug consumption in France has identified new patterns of injection among youths with diverse social backgrounds, which may explain the persistence of high rates of hepatitis C virus infection. The circumstances surrounding the first injection have been poorly documented in th...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.04.026
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Family history of addiction is a risk factor for substance use disorders. Delay discounting (DD) is associated with the risk of substance use and dependence, and is predictive of the likelihood of successful abstinence and treatment outcomes; thus, we investigated the extent to which having parents with addi...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.037
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the aim to characterize patterns in toxicological profile and manner of death in deceased users of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), a retrospective autopsy protocol study of 52 deceased users of AAS was undertaken. The AAS users were compared to 68 deceased users of amphetamine and/or heroin who were consecuti...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.07.003
更新日期：2006-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To assess whether substance-abusing people have a higher risk of dying from unintentional acute intoxication in specific periods of the year. METHODS:A total of 15,792 deaths (males=14,259; females=1533) were ascertained to be due to unintentional acute intoxication by illicit drugs in Italy in the study period (1...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(03)00186-8
更新日期：2003-10-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Premature termination of treatment by the client has been a pervasive problem in the alcohol treatment field. This drop-out problem is compounded in conjoint therapy for alcoholic couples since most clients typically do not view the drinking problem from a systemic, interactional perspective. Within a short-term commu...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(83)90023-6
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND AIMS:A good therapeutic alliance plays a major role in the healing process. Professionals working in addiction treatment report high levels of psychological distress related to work and this may challenge the establishment of a trustful therapeutic alliance, and lead to a loss of care quality provided to...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.01.015
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Adolescence and early-adulthood are vulnerable developmental periods during which binge drinking can have long-lasting effects on brain function. However, little is known about the effects of binge drinking on the pyramidal cells of the prelimbic cortex (PrL) during early and protracted withdrawal periods. ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108309
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients with prescription opioid use disorder commonly report relief of chronic pain as the chief reason for first opioid use; indeed, the prevalence of chronic pain is high in this population. Understanding the association between pain severity and subsequent opioid use is crucial for understanding how to ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.04.023
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The use, misuse and co-use of alcohol, cannabis, tobacco, and other licit and illicit controlled substances has increased in past decades leading to higher rates of morbidity, overdose, and mortality in women of reproductive age. Co-use compounds the adverse health effects of substance use compared to single...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107729
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Monitoring consumption by population surveys (PS) is an important way to challenge the spread of illicit drugs (ID). To improve the information, we explored a complementary method, particularly wastewater analysis (WWA). METHODS:We estimated the prevalence of use by PS, and the consumption by WWA, of cocain...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.02.003
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Executive dysfunction is common in substance use disorder (SUD) populations and hinders treatment. We previously found that 50% of residents in SUD therapeutic communities had been hospitalized for head injuries; this was a significant determinant of cognitive impairment. The current study aimed to establish...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.04.023
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Improving prediction of cigarette smoking during pregnancy (SDP), including differences by race/ethnicity and geography, is necessary for interventions to achieve greater and more equitable SDP reductions. METHODS:Using individual-level data on singleton first births, 2010-2017 (N = 182,894), in a US state ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108273
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Little is known about risk factors for repeated opioid overdose and fatal opioid overdose in the first year following nonfatal opioid overdose. METHODS:We identified a national retrospective longitudinal cohort of patients aged 18-64 years in the Medicaid program who received a clinical diagnosis of nonfata...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.06.004
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a considerable disparity between the number of individuals who need substance abuse treatment and the number who actually receive it. This is partly due to the fact that many individuals with substance use disorders do not perceive a need for formal treatment. Another contributing factor, however, is a discre...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.05.014
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Drug-related cue exposure elicits craving and risk for relapse during recovery. Transcranial direct current stimulation is a promising research tool and possible treatment for relapse prevention. Enhanced functional neuroconnectivity is discussed as a treatment target. The goal of this research was to examine...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.006
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The US is in the midst of one of the largest public health crises in recent history with over 63,000 drug poisoning deaths in 2016 and a projected annual economic cost of over $420 billion. With the rise of deaths and economic burden related to substance use, it is paramount that systemic barriers within the...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.04.033
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study assessed whether the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) could reliably fill the national drug surveillance gap caused by the discontinuation of the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN). METHODS:Estimates of the drug-related emergency department (ED) visits derived from DAWN (2004-2011) an...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.043
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sequence of drug use was examined in a secondary analysis of two samples of serious drug users: one of 152 men and one of 133 women. The proportions of drug users following specified patterns of drug use onset were compared to proportions obtained in previous research in samples of high school youth, and serious drug ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(97)00032-x
更新日期：1997-05-02 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The relationship of polymorphisms of the genes that encode for alcohol-metabolizing enzymes and individual vulnerability to alcoholism and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in women is unclear. We determined the genotypes of ADH1B, ADH1C, CYP2E1 (Dra-I and Pst-I) and ALDH2 in a group of Caucasian Spanish women. ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.002
更新日期：2006-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine whether differences in life styles and patterns of drug use may help to account for willingness to try heroin and/or likelihood of becoming addicted, personal history interviews were conducted with 15 young heroin addict, 15 experimenters who used the drug but did not become addicts, and 15 nonusers who n...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(78)90038-8
更新日期：1978-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Smoking, especially nicotine dependence is associated with more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. We investigated the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val(66)Met polymorphism on the severity of depressive an...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.032
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of subchronic nicotine treatment on the development of tolerance and on two nicotinic ligand binding sites were investigated. After subcutaneous injection of nicotine (0.45 mg nicotine base/kg) or saline twice a day for 14 days the body weight of rats was significantly lower than that of control animals. A...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(86)90034-7
更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:This study examined gender differences among treatment-seeking cocaine-dependent outpatients (e.g., on demographics, psychopathology, and substance abuse). PARTICIPANTS:Participants were 2376 adults with cocaine dependence entering a multisite randomized controlled trial of psychosocial therapies. FINDINGS:Women...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.04.012
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cocaine-involved overdose mortality has recently risen in the United States (US), yet it is unclear to what extent patterns in cocaine-involved overdose mortality parallel patterns in cocaine use. This study: examined time trends (2002-2018) in past-year cocaine use and cocaine-involved overdose mortality in...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108148
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
