Abstract：
:We studied the incorporation of cocaine (COC), benzoylecgonine (BE) and ecgonine methyl ester (EME) into hair from blood. At first, the time courses of three drugs in rat plasma following i.p. administration of cocaine were investigated over 360 min. AUCs of COC, BE and EME in plasma were 14.2, 60.7 and 53.4 micrograms/ml/min, respectively. In contrast, the concentrations of the three compounds in hair were 16.4, 1.7 and 0.8 ng/mg. In spite of that, the AUC of COC in plasma was much lower than that of the other two compounds in plasma, the concentration of COC in hair was much higher than that of the other two compounds. The incorporation of COC into hair was much greater than that of BE and EME. If the incorporation of drugs from blood into hair is compared by [concentration in hair]/[AUC in plasma], that of COC, BE and EME is represented by 77:1.9:1. Our results suggest that the incorporation of drugs into hair from blood unexpectedly depends upon the physical properties of each drug.
journal_name
Arch Toxicoljournal_title
Archives of toxicologyauthors
Nakahara Y,Ochiai T,Kikura Rdoi
10.1007/BF02035137keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-01-01 00:00:00pages
446-9issue
6eissn
0340-5761issn
1432-0738journal_volume
66pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Labilization of lysosomal enzymes is often associated with the general process of inflammation. The present study investigated the effect of the pneumotoxin cadmium on the release and activity of two lung lysosomal enzymes. Incubation of rat lung lysosomes with cadmium resulted in the release of beta-glucuronidase but...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002040050181
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intravenous administration of lead acetate to rabbits for 10 weeks at 2 week intervals resulted in significantly elevated blood lead levels, slight anemia with marked microspherocytosis and moderate basophilic stippling, and marked depression of red cell delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) dehydratase activity. However th...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00695874
更新日期：1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Liquorice [main ingredient, glycyrrhizin (GL)] is widely used as a food sweetener and herbal medicine. Occasionally, liquorice consumption causes pseudoaldosteronism as a side effect which causes oedema, hypokalaemia, and hypertension due to hyperactivity of mineral corticoid receptor. We aimed to detect GL metabolite...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1007/s00204-019-02588-2
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alternative methods to detect non-genotoxic carcinogens are urgently needed, as this class of carcinogens goes undetected in the current testing strategy for carcinogenicity under REACH. A complicating factor is that non-genotoxic carcinogens act through several distinctive modes of action, which makes prediction of t...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-014-1368-6
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123) has been developed as a substitute for ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). It is a structural analogue of halothane and similarities in the metabolic pathways and liver toxicity of both compounds have been described. The present study was initiated after an acciden...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002040100237
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute toxicity of bis (tributyltin) oxide in the sweat glands in the rat footpad was investigated by electron microscopy and an energy-dispersive X-ray microanalyzer. Male Wistar rats received an intramuscular injection of 0.5 ml/kg bis (tributyltin) oxide. After 6-8 h, swelling of mitochondria appeared in the secreto...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002040000174
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Second order rate constants for the initial reaction of 12 mammalian oxyhemoglobins (Hb) with equimolar phenylhydrazine (PHZ), a compound inducing Heinz body hemolytic anemia, were determined by recording continuous changes in absorbance with time at 577 nm. The rate constants were varied in a range from 43 m-1.s-1 wi...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002040050161
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cardiovascular effects were investigated after acute and subacute treatment with chlorodibromomethane (CDBM; 0.4 to 3.2 mmol/kg p.o.), trichloromethane (TCM; 0.31 and 1.25 mmol/kg p.o.) and mixtures of CDBM and TCM (acute, 0.8 mmol CDBM/kg + 1.25 mmol TCM/kg p.o.; subacute, 0.4 mmol CDBM/kg + 0.31 mmol TCM/kg p.o....
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002040050459
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00332493
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-006-0109-x
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-005-0678-0
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This discussion of the NEL presents some thoughts how toxicologists could be encouraged to use more sophisticated modern techniques for the study of various environmental chemicals. It is proposed to use the concept of the NEL only for data obtained by conventional techniques in routine toxicity experiments. Informati...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00695868
更新日期：1979-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-012-0871-x
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:N-methylformamide (NMF) produced dose-dependent zone 3 haemorrhagic necrosis in mice; the threshold dose was 100-200 mg/kg. In rats a dose of 1000 mg/kg caused hepatic damage in some animals and slight elevations of plasma transaminases. A species difference in susceptibility to NMF-induced hepatotoxicity is clearly i...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00570135
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01973722
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of cadmium exposure during pregnancy (by means of daily subcutaneous injections of 4.4 mumol/kg to the mother) on the neonates were investigated. No effect was observed on fetal or neonatal body weights, nor on neonatal liver weights. These parameters were examined up to 5 weeks after birth. The weight of ...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00334632
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Capillary gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was employed to quantify ethylmorphine in biological fluids and tissues in a death attributed to oral ethylmorphine ingestion. The femoral blood concentration of the drug was 488 ng/ml. Hair analysis revealed the individual's drug abuse pattern, particularly th...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 信件
doi：10.1007/s002040050057
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sotalol [4-(2-isopropylamino-1-hydroxyethyl)-methane-sulfonanilide hydrochloride] is a beta-adrenergic blocking agent. Despite the widespread use of these drugs, poisonings are not frequent. In this report the authors describe the first recorded case of fatal sotalol overdosage to their knowledge. The results of toxic...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00297587
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Female Wistar rats were treated with various doses of progesterone orally via the diet or via the SC route. Oral treatment resulted in enhanced progesterone levels in the liver as measured by radioimmunoassay. There were up to 3-fold increases in activity of ethylmorphine demethylation by isolated microsomes; metaboli...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00316323
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002040050499
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-015-1489-6
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-019-02448-z
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The consumption of plants containing the diterpenoid atractyloside (ATR) causes selective proximal tubule injury, renal failure and death in humans. We have compared the effects of ATR in freshly isolated renal proximal tubules and glomeruli from rat and also in cell lines: NRK, derived from the proximal tubules, and ...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002040050362
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The in vitro DNA strand breaking activity of metallothionein (MT) containing Cd2+ and Zn2+ in a molar ratio of 5:2 is described. Studies with radical scavengers and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy indicate that the DNA damage might be caused by a radical species formed by the native protein (i.e., MT) cha...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01973498
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 评论,信件
doi：10.1007/s00204-018-2310-0
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of cadmium or magnesium on central calcium-dependent blood pressure regulation was investigated. The systolic blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; male, 13 weeks of age) decreased following i.c.v. administration of cadmium chloride (20 nm...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002040050644
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A histochemical technique for detection of the in vivo induced cellular aldehydes based on the direct Schiff's reaction is reported in this paper. CCl4-intoxicated rat liver was used as an experimental model. Fresh and non-pretreated rat liver cryostat sections fixed in 10% formol calcium solution and washed in distil...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00334622
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Platinum coordination complexes (PtCx) are potent against several types of cancer but are often nephrotoxic. With a view to developing a PtCx nephrotoxicity model, the toxicity of cisplatin (cDDP), transplatin (tDDP) and carboplatin (CBDCA) was studied in primary cultures of rabbit proximal tubule (RPT) cells and in t...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01973705
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Melanin is a polyanionic pigment that colors, e.g., the hair, skin and eyes. The pigment neuromelanin is closely related to melanin and is mainly produced in specific neurons of the substantia nigra. Certain drugs and chemicals bind to melanin/neuromelanin and are retained in pigment cells for long periods. This speci...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00204-016-1757-0
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene differentially affect neurobiological functions and cognitive performance and confer different vulnerabilities to subclinical exposures to chlorpyrifos (CPF), a pesticide used worldwide. The data reported on this topic suggest a complex interaction between cholinergic ...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-019-02387-9
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
