Allopatric genetic origins for sympatric host-plant shifts and race formation in Rhagoletis.

abstract：:Biologists regularly search databases of DNA or protein sequences for evolutionary or functional relationships to a given query sequence. We describe a ranking algorithm that exploits the entire network structure of similarity relationships among proteins in a sequence database by performing a diffusion operation on a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weston J,Elisseeff A,Zhou D,Leslie CS,Noble WS

更新日期：2004-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:3.L2 T cell receptor transgenic T cells are activated by the 64-76 peptide of the mouse hemoglobin d beta chain [Hb(64-76)], and their response is antagonized by the position 72 alanine substitution of this peptide (A72). To test the effect of this altered peptide ligand (APL) on 3.L2 T cell function in vivo, a transg...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Basu D,Williams CB,Allen PM

更新日期：1998-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Aging and some pathological conditions are associated with the accumulation of altered (inactive or less active) forms of enzymes. It was suggested that these age-related alterations reflect spontaneous changes in protein conformation and/or posttranslational modifications (e.g., oxidation). Because changes in protein...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chao CC,Ma YS,Stadtman ER

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We introduce a new genetic distance for microsatellite loci, incorporating features of the stepwise mutation model, and test its performance on microsatellite polymorphisms in humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas. We find that it performs well in determining the relations among the primates, but less well than other dist...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goldstein DB,Ruiz Linares A,Cavalli-Sforza LL,Feldman MW

更新日期：1995-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Human Bestrophin 1 (hBest1) is a calcium-activated chloride channel that regulates neuronal excitability, synaptic activity, and retinal homeostasis. Mutations in hBest1 cause the autosomal-dominant Best macular dystrophy (BMD). Because hBest1 mutations cause BMD, but a knockout does not, we wondered if hBest1 mutants...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bharill S,Fu Z,Palty R,Isacoff EY

更新日期：2014-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Subviral particles containing reovirus RNA transcriptase have been isolated from extracts of virus-infected mouse fibroblast cells. The purified particles which lacked the outer protein capsomeres of the mature virion had a buoyant density of 1.43-1.44 g/ml in CsCl and contained all of the double-stranded RNA genome o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Levin DH,Mendelsohn N,Schonberg M,Klett H,Silverstein S,Kapuler AM,Acs G

更新日期：1970-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with an antisense insertion of a SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA)-type retrotransposon within an intron of TAF1 This unique insertion coincides with six additional noncoding sequence changes in TAF1, the gene that encodes TATA-binding protein-associated...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bragg DC,Mangkalaphiban K,Vaine CA,Kulkarni NJ,Shin D,Yadav R,Dhakal J,Ton ML,Cheng A,Russo CT,Ang M,Acuña P,Go C,Franceour TN,Multhaupt-Buell T,Ito N,Müller U,Hendriks WT,Breakefield XO,Sharma N,Ozelius LJ

更新日期：2017-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Cholinergic pathways serve important functions in learning and memory processes, and deficits in cholinergic transmission occur in Alzheimer disease (AD). A subset of muscarinic cholinergic receptors are linked to G-proteins that activate phospholipase C, resulting in the liberation of inositol trisphosphate and Ca2+ ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kelly JF,Furukawa K,Barger SW,Rengen MR,Mark RJ,Blanc EM,Roth GS,Mattson MP

更新日期：1996-06-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The composition, insertion, and turnover of externally disposed proteins on the macrophage plasma membrane were analyzed. Cells labeled with [35S]methionine were incubated with the nonpermeant reagent trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid to introduce the trinitrophenyl moiety on free amino groups of externally oriented membr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kaplan G,Unkeless JC,Cohn ZA

更新日期：1979-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two cDNAs encoding two human receptors for retinoic acid (RA), RAR-alpha and RAR-beta, have been characterized recently. Synthetic peptides corresponding to the cDNA-deduced amino acid sequences unique to RAR-alpha and RAR-beta were used to generate anti-RAR-alpha antiserum (SP171) and anti-RAR-beta antisera (SP172 an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gaub MP,Lutz Y,Ruberte E,Petkovich M,Brand N,Chambon P

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:L203 and L227 are mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for human HLA-DR antigens. Their reactivity with multiple, structurally different, HLA-DR antigens was examined by using radioiodinated human lymphoblastoid cells and cell lines, heterozygous or homozygous at the HLA-D locus. Antibody L203 precipitates DR antigens...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Finn OJ,Levy R

更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathways and enzymes of fatty acid synthase-mediated, long-even-chain (generally C16-C20) fatty acid synthesis are well studied, and general metabolism involved in short-chain (C4-C7) fatty acid biosynthesis is also understood. In contrast, mechanisms of medium-chain (C8-C14) fatty acid synthesis are unclear. Recent w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kroumova AB,Xie Z,Wagner GJ

更新日期：1994-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Euplotes raikovi of the wild-type strain 13 was found to be heterozygous (mat-1/mat-2) for the genetic locus mat, which is supposed to control the mating-type specificity of freely released mating pheromones ("euplomones"), and capable of yielding the two types of corresponding homozygotes (mat-1/mat-1, mat-2/mat-2). ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Luporini P,Raffioni S,Concetti A,Miceli C

更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genome packaging is an essential step in virus replication and a potential drug target. Single-stranded RNA viruses have been thought to encapsidate their genomes by gradual co-assembly with capsid subunits. In contrast, using a single molecule fluorescence assay to monitor RNA conformation and virus assembly in real ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Borodavka A,Tuma R,Stockley PG

更新日期：2012-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Many "workers" in north temperate colonies of the eusocial paper wasp Polistes fuscatus disappear within a few days of eclosion. We provide evidence that these females are pursuing an alternative reproductive strategy, i.e., dispersing to overwinter and become nest foundresses the following spring, instead of helping ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reeve HK,Peters JM,Nonacs P,Starks PT

更新日期：1998-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Echoviruses have been implicated in multiple human disease syndromes, including aseptic meningitis, paralysis, and heart disease, but no animal model is available for studying the pathogenesis of infection. Production of human integrin very late antigen 2, a receptor for echovirus type 1, in transgenic mice conferred ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hughes SA,Thaker HM,Racaniello VR

更新日期：2003-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of the present study was to make use of efficient molecular marker systems to reveal genetic relationships in traditional and evolved Basmati (EB) and semidwarf non-Basmati (NB) rice varieties. A subset of three rice groups was analyzed by using 19 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and 12 inter-SSR-PCR p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nagaraju J,Kathirvel M,Kumar RR,Siddiq EA,Hasnain SE

更新日期：2002-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Two issues long debated among Pacific and American prehistorians are (i) whether there was a pre-Columbian introduction of chicken (Gallus gallus) to the Americas and (ii) whether Polynesian contact with South America might be identified archaeologically, through the recovery of remains of unquestionable Polynesian or...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Storey AA,Ramírez JM,Quiroz D,Burley DV,Addison DJ,Walter R,Anderson AJ,Hunt TL,Athens JS,Huynen L,Matisoo-Smith EA

更新日期：2007-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the primary oxidant in the troposphere, and the impact of its fluctuations on the methane budget has been disputed in recent years, however measurements of OH are insufficient to characterize global interannual fluctuations relevant for methane. Here, we use a 6,000-y control simulation of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Turner AJ,Fung I,Naik V,Horowitz LW,Cohen RC

更新日期：2018-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：:NK cells use surface NK receptors to discriminate self from non-self. The NK receptor ligand-binding domain (NKD) has been considered the sole regulator of ligand binding. Using a prototypic murine NK receptor, Ly49A, we show that the membrane proximal nonligand binding ecto-domain (the stalk region) is critical to li...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ito D,Iizuka YM,Katepalli MP,Iizuka K

更新日期：2009-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the mechanism of action of compounds capable of inhibiting amyloid-fibril formation is critical to the development of potential therapeutics against protein-misfolding diseases. A fundamental challenge for progress is the range of possible target species and the disparate timescales involved, since the a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Michaels TCT,Šarić A,Meisl G,Heller GT,Curk S,Arosio P,Linse S,Dobson CM,Vendruscolo M,Knowles TPJ

更新日期：2020-09-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The vertical occipital fasciculus (VOF) is the only major fiber bundle connecting dorsolateral and ventrolateral visual cortex. Only a handful of studies have examined the anatomy of the VOF or its role in cognition in the living human brain. Here, we trace the contentious history of the VOF, beginning with its origin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yeatman JD,Weiner KS,Pestilli F,Rokem A,Mezer A,Wandell BA

更新日期：2014-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The pH gradient (delta pH) across the membrane of bovine neurohypophysial granules was estimated by using the [14C]methylamine partition technique. The granule membrane showed high permeability to sugars such as sucrose or sorbitol and to cations. Granules suspended in sucrose medium showed an acidic internal delta pH...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Scherman D,Nordmann JJ

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Contemporary climate change is characterized both by increasing mean temperature and increasing climate variability such as heat waves, storms, and floods. How populations and communities cope with such climatic extremes is a question central to contemporary ecology and biodiversity conservation. Previous work has sho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reusch TB,Ehlers A,Hämmerli A,Worm B

更新日期：2005-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Quinate:NAD(+) 3-oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.24) from carrot cell suspension cultures has previously been shown to be activated by phosphorylation and inactivated by dephosphorylation. Here it is shown that the reactivation of the inactivated quinate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase is an enzyme-mediated process that requires ATP a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ranjeva R,Refeno G,Boudet AM,Marmé D

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Picomole amounts of oligodeoxynucleotides [polydeoxyadenylic acids, (dA)40-60] were baseline resolved and analyzed in less than 8 min by high-performance capillary electrophoresis with polyacrylamide gels. In addition, fast analysis of a crude 70-mer oligodeoxynucleotide and a slab gel-purified 99-mer oligodeoxynucleo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cohen AS,Najarian DR,Paulus A,Guttman A,Smith JA,Karger BL

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Capsaicin (CP), the pungent component of chili pepper, acts on sensory neurons to convey the sensation of pain. The CP receptor, vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1), has been shown to be highly expressed by nociceptive neurons in dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia. We demonstrate here that the dendritic cell (DC), a key cell t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Basu S,Srivastava P

更新日期：2005-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:For the design of potent subunit vaccines, it is of paramount importance to identify all antigens immunologically recognized by a patient population infected with a pathogen. We have developed a rapid and efficient procedure to identify such commonly recognized antigens, and here we provide a comprehensive in vivo ant...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Etz H,Minh DB,Henics T,Dryla A,Winkler B,Triska C,Boyd AP,Söllner J,Schmidt W,von Ahsen U,Buschle M,Gill SR,Kolonay J,Khalak H,Fraser CM,von Gabain A,Nagy E,Meinke A

更新日期：2002-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The RuvC protein of Escherichia coli catalyzes the resolution of recombination intermediates during genetic recombination and the recombinational repair of damaged DNA. Resolution involves specific recognition of the Holliday structure to form a complex that exhibits twofold symmetry with the DNA in an open configurat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bennett RJ,West SC

更新日期：1996-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) is derived from the thymotropic Moloney leukemia virus. However, injection of mice with A-MuLV by conventional routes results in rapidly arising peripheral and bone marrow lymphomas, not thymomas or T cell tumors. In this study thymomas have been induced by intrathymic injection ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cook WD

更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00