Abstract:
:X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with an antisense insertion of a SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA)-type retrotransposon within an intron of TAF1 This unique insertion coincides with six additional noncoding sequence changes in TAF1, the gene that encodes TATA-binding protein-associated factor-1, which appear to be inherited together as an identical haplotype in all reported cases. Here we examined the sequence of this SVA in XDP patients (n = 140) and detected polymorphic variation in the length of a hexanucleotide repeat domain, (CCCTCT)n The number of repeats in these cases ranged from 35 to 52 and showed a highly significant inverse correlation with age at disease onset. Because other SVAs exhibit intrinsic promoter activity that depends in part on the hexameric domain, we assayed the transcriptional regulatory effects of varying hexameric lengths found in the unique XDP SVA retrotransposon using luciferase reporter constructs. When inserted sense or antisense to the luciferase reading frame, the XDP variants repressed or enhanced transcription, respectively, to an extent that appeared to vary with length of the hexamer. Further in silico analysis of this SVA sequence revealed multiple motifs predicted to form G-quadruplexes, with the greatest potential detected for the hexameric repeat domain. These data directly link sequence variation within the XDP-specific SVA sequence to phenotypic variability in clinical disease manifestation and provide insight into potential mechanisms by which this intronic retroelement may induce transcriptional interference in TAF1 expression.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Bragg DC,Mangkalaphiban K,Vaine CA,Kulkarni NJ,Shin D,Yadav R,Dhakal J,Ton ML,Cheng A,Russo CT,Ang M,Acuña P,Go C,Franceour TN,Multhaupt-Buell T,Ito N,Müller U,Hendriks WT,Breakefield XO,Sharma N,Ozelius LJdoi
10.1073/pnas.1712526114subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-12-19 00:00:00pages
E11020-E11028issue
51eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1712526114journal_volume
114pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Larval fishes suffer prodigious mortality rates, eliminating 99% of the brood within a few days after first feeding. Hjort (1914) famously attributed this "critical period" of low survival to the larvae's inability to obtain sufficient food [Hjort (1914) Rapp P-v Réun Cons Int Explor Mer 20:1-228]. However, the cause ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1323205111
更新日期:2014-06-03 00:00:00
abstract::We present quantitative optical images of human breast in vivo. The images were obtained by using near-infrared diffuse optical tomography (DOT) after the administration of indocyanine green (ICG) for contrast enhancement. The optical examination was performed concurrently with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exam ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.040570597
更新日期:2000-03-14 00:00:00
abstract::Intermolecular electronic coupling dictates the optical properties of molecular aggregate systems. Of particular interest are photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes that absorb sunlight then efficiently direct energy toward the photosynthetic reaction center. Two-dimensional (2D) ultrafast spectroscopy has been used...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0701201104
更新日期:2007-09-04 00:00:00
abstract::Noncanonical DNA structures that stall DNA replication can cause errors in genomic DNA. Here, we investigated how the noncanonical structures formed by sequences in genes associated with a number of diseases impacted DNA polymerization by the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase. Replication of a DNA sequence forming an ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1704258114
更新日期:2017-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::A discrepancy is explored regarding the spin exchange integral estimated from magnetic field effects on recombination of the bacteriochlorophyll dimer cation (Bchl)(2)+ and the bacteriopheophytin anion Bph(-) and the measured electron transfer rate between Bph and electronically excited (Bchl)(2). In one explanation c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.9.4185
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An in vitro enzyme system for the conversion of amino acid to oxime in the biosynthesis of glucosinolates has been established by the combined use of an improved isolation medium and jasmonic acid-induced etiolated seedlings of Sinapis alba L. An 8-fold induction of de novo biosynthesis of the L-tyrosine-derived p-hyd...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.26.12505
更新日期:1995-12-19 00:00:00
abstract::Large-scale analysis of the GC-content distribution at the gene level reveals both common features and basic differences in genomes of different groups of species. Sharp changes in GC content are detected at the transcription boundaries for all species analyzed, including human, mouse, rat, chicken, fruit fly, and wor...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0407821101
更新日期:2004-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Independent transgene insertions differ in expression based on their location in the genome; these position effects are of interest because they reflect the influence of genome organization on gene regulation. Position effects also represent potentially insurmountable obstacles to the rigorous functional comparison of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.26.15513
更新日期:1998-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::A fraction of the unintegrated viral DNA that appears early after infection of mouse cells by Moloney leukemia virus is infectious. The infectivity could be deomonstrated by an XC plaque assay of the cells exposed to DNA co-precipitated with calcium phosphate. The number of plaques deriving from closed-circular, super...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.12.4910
更新日期:1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) or the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm is a simulation algorithm that has made modern Bayesian statistical inference possible. Nevertheless, the efficiency of different Metropolis-Hastings proposal kernels has rarely been studied except for the Gaussian proposal. Here we propose a unique ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1311790110
更新日期:2013-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::The six individual catalytic polypeptide chains within the two catalytic trimers of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase; EC 2.1.3.2) are folded into two discrete structural domains interconnected in part by helix 12, which comprises residues 285-305 and is located near the carboxyl terminus of the cha...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.2.458
更新日期:1991-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Serum from bacillus Calmette-Guerin-infected mice injected with endotoxin induces the appearance of surface immunoglobulin, Ia antigen, and complement receptor on the surface of precursor bone-marrow-derived (B) cells. While endotoxin itself causes phenotypic conversion of both thymus-derived (T) cells and B cells in ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.3.1200
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Circadian pacemaking requires the orderly synthesis, posttranslational modification, and degradation of clock proteins. In mammals, mutations in casein kinase 1 (CK1) epsilon or delta can alter the circadian period, but the particular functions of the WT isoforms within the pacemaker remain unclear. We selectively tar...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1005101107
更新日期:2010-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::Measurements of the effect of DNA on rates of bimolecular energy transfer between ions provide a direct indication of how cations cluster in regions near DNA and how anions are repelled from the same regions. Energy transfer from luminescent lanthanide ions (in the "rapid-diffusion" limit) probes collision frequencies...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.10.3267
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our laboratory has previously developed cell lines derived from mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and C127 mammary tumor cells that stably express mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) long terminal repeat fusion genes in bovine papillomavirus-based episomes. Glucocorticoid hormone strongly activates transcription from episomes an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.10.3977
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two genes have a synthetically lethal relationship when the silencing or inhibiting of 1 gene is only lethal in the context of a mutation or activation of the second gene. This situation offers an attractive therapeutic strategy, as inhibition of such a gene will only trigger cell death in tumor cells with an activate...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0901418106
更新日期:2009-08-04 00:00:00
abstract::Inactivating mutations of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene in both mice and humans leads to hyperphagia and obesity. To further examine the mechanisms whereby POMC-deficiency leads to disordered energy homeostasis, we have generated mice lacking all POMC-derived peptides. Consistent with a previously reported mode...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0306931101
更新日期:2004-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::The motion and mixing of granular media are observed in several contexts in nature, often displaying striking similarities to liquids. Granular dynamics occur in geological phenomena and also enable technologies ranging from pharmaceuticals production to carbon capture. Here, we report the discovery of a family of gra...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1820820116
更新日期:2019-05-07 00:00:00
abstract::The energy landscape theory provides a general framework for describing protein folding reactions. Because a large number of studies, however, have focused on two-state proteins with single well-defined folding pathways and without detectable intermediates, the extent to which free energy landscapes are shaped up by t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0804774105
更新日期:2008-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::In the mammalian testis, the blood-testis barrier (BTB), unlike the blood-brain and blood-retina barriers, is composed of coexisting tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs). Yet these junctions must open (or disassemble) to accommodate the migration of preleptotene and leptotene spermatocytes across the BTB...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0503855102
更新日期:2005-08-16 00:00:00
abstract::Efficient and productive virus infection often requires viral countermeasures that block innate immunity. The IFN-inducible 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetases (OASs) and ribonuclease (RNase) L are components of a potent host antiviral pathway. We previously showed that murine coronavirus (MHV) accessory protein n...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1306917110
更新日期:2013-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::The peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids leads to numerous products, including 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). That 4-hydroxy-2-alkenal compounds react with sulfhydryl groups of proteins to form thioether adducts possessing a carbonyl function has been established [Schauenstein, E. & Esterbauer, H. (1979) Ciba Found. S...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.12.5611
更新日期:1992-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::LTRs of endogenous retroviruses are known to affect expression of several human genes, typically as a relatively minor alternative promoter. Here, we report that an endogenous retrovirus LTR acts as one of at least two alternative promoters for the human beta1,3-galactosyltransferase 5 gene, involved in type 1 Lewis a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2134464100
更新日期:2003-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::The heptadecapeptide orphanin FQ (OFQ) is a recently discovered neuropeptide that exhibits structural features reminiscent of the opioid peptides and that is an endogenous ligand to a G protein-coupled receptor sequentially related to the opioid receptors. We have cloned both the human and rat cDNAs encoding the OFQ p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.16.8677
更新日期:1996-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of wealth in the United States and countries around the world is highly skewed. How does visible economic inequality affect well-off individuals' support for redistribution? Using a placebo-controlled field experiment, I randomize the presence of poverty-stricken people in public spaces frequented by ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1615010113
更新日期:2017-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::A reversible growth arrest of simian virus 40-transformed human fibroblasts has been produced by replacement of methionine in the growth medium by its immediate metabolic precursor, homocysteine, Although these arrested cells exhibit a greatly reduced cloning efficiency when plated in methionine-supplemented medium, t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.12.7306
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Signaling in the nervous system requires matching of neurotransmitter receptors with cognate neurotransmitters at synapses. The vertebrate neuromuscular junction is the best studied cholinergic synapse, but the mechanisms by which acetylcholine is matched with acetylcholine receptors are not fully understood. Because ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0607450104
更新日期:2007-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::Proteolipid protein (PLP) is the major myelin membrane protein of the central nervous system. We have isolated a copy of an alternatively spliced PLP gene transcript from a mouse brain cDNA library that was screened for PLP-related sequences. The encoded 241-amino acid protein differs from PLP by an internal deletion ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.16.5665
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Arabidopsis, the two-dimensional expansion of leaves is regulated via the polarized elongation of cells. The ROTUNDIFOLIA3 (ROT3) protein, a member of the family of cytochromes P450, is involved in this process and regulates leaf length. Transgenic plants that overexpressed a wild-type ROT3 gene had longer leaves t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.16.9433
更新日期:1999-08-03 00:00:00
abstract::Sea urchins are a major component of recent marine communities where they exert a key role as grazers and benthic predators. However, their impact on past marine organisms, such as crinoids, is hard to infer in the fossil record. Analysis of bite mark frequencies on crinoid columnals and comprehensive genus-level dive...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1201573109
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00