Abstract:
:Host cell binding is an essential step in colonization by many bacterial pathogens, and the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi, which colonizes multiple tissues, is capable of attachment to diverse cell types. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are ubiquitously expressed on mammalian cells and are recognized by multiple B. burgdorferi surface proteins. We previously showed that B. burgdorferi strains differ in the particular spectrum of GAGs that they recognize, leading to differences in the cultured mammalian cell types that they efficiently bind. The molecular basis of these binding specificities remains undefined, due to the difficulty of analyzing multiple, potentially redundant cell attachment pathways and to the paucity of genetic tools for this pathogen. In the current study, we show that the expression of decorin-binding protein (Dbp) A and/or DbpB, two B. burgdorferi surface proteins that bind GAGs, is sufficient to convert a high-passage nonadherent B. burgdorferi strain into one that efficiently binds 293 epithelial cells. Epithelial cell attachment was mediated by dermatan sulfate, and, consistent with this GAG-binding specificity, these recombinant strains did not bind EA-Hy926 endothelial cells. The GAG-binding properties of bacteria expressing DbpB or DbpA were distinguishable, and DbpB but not DbpA promoted spirochetal attachment to C6 glial cells. Thus, DbpA and DbpB may each play central but distinct roles in cell type-specific binding by Lyme disease spirochetes. This study illustrates that transformation of high-passage B. burgdorferi strains may provide a relatively simple genetic approach to analyze virulence-associated phenotypes conferred by multiple bacterial factors.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Fischer JR,Parveen N,Magoun L,Leong JMdoi
10.1073/pnas.1231043100keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-06-10 00:00:00pages
7307-12issue
12eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1231043100journal_volume
100pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The massive forests of central Amazonia are often considered relatively resilient against climatic variation, but this view is challenged by the wildfires invoked by recent droughts. The impact of such fires that spread from pervasive sources of ignition may reveal where forests are less likely to persist in a drier f...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1617988114
更新日期:2017-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::Two human 12-lipoxygenase enzyme (arachidonate:oxygen 12-oxidoreductase, EC 1.13.11.31)-related genes were characterized from 13 distinct clones isolated from three genomic bacteriophage and cosmid libraries. A complete gene (12-lipoxygenase gene 1) spanning approximately 17 kilobases and consisting of 14 exons with s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.9.3962
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bone remodeling requires osteoclasts to generate and maintain an acidified resorption compartment between the apical membrane and the bone surface to solubilize hydroxyapatite crystals within the bone matrix. This acidification process requires (i) apical proton secretion by a vacuolar H(+)-ATPase, (ii) actin cytoskel...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1206392110
更新日期:2013-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::Guanylate cyclase [GTP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.2] activity of human platelet homogenates was stimulated by the addition of phospholipase A2 or unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic, vaccenic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosenoic, eicosadienoic, and arachidonic acids. The addition of lipoxidase potentiated...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.9.3657
更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several publications have attested to the ability of herpes simplex viruses to protect cells against apoptosis. We investigated the ability of the virus to protect cells in continuous cultivation from apoptosis induced by the virus itself, and by other known inducers such as exposure to the tumor necrosis factor alpha...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.7.3931
更新日期:1998-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::p53, the most commonly mutated gene in human tumors, is believed to play a crucial role in the prevention of cancer by protecting cells from mutation, a theory commonly known as the "Guardian of the Genome" hypothesis. There are two hypotheses as to how this can occur. In the first, p53 protects the genome by retardin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2235595100
更新日期:2003-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::Human embryonic zeta-globin chains are alpha-globin-like chains that are normally present during the first three months of gestation. In this investigation, zeta-globin chains measured by a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay and by an electrophoretic technique were found to be present in all 7 patients studied wi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.19.6188
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The plant trans-Golgi network (TGN) is a central trafficking hub where secretory, vacuolar, recycling, and endocytic pathways merge. Among currently known molecular players involved in TGN transport, three different adaptor protein (AP) complexes promote vesicle generation at the TGN with different cargo specificity a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2004822117
更新日期:2020-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::Humans readily form social impressions, such as attractiveness and trustworthiness, from a stranger's facial features. Understanding the provenance of these impressions has clear scientific importance and societal implications. Motivated by the efficient coding hypothesis of brain representation, as well as Claude Sha...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1912343117
更新日期:2020-11-24 00:00:00
abstract::The enzymic activity of crystalline mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (L-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1) was determined in suspensions of noncrosslinked microcrystals in 30% (wt/vol) polyethylene glycol. The crystals (average dimensions, 22 x 5 x 0.8 micron) were small enough to preclude ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.7.1807
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the role of cAMP in NO- and prostanoid-independent relaxations that are widely attributed to an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Under control conditions EDHF-type relaxations evoked by acetylcholine (ACh) in rabbit iliac arteries were transient, but in the presence of the cAMP p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.092089799
更新日期:2002-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::An invariant substructure that forms two interlocked pairs of neighboring beta-strands occurs in essentially all known sandwich-like proteins. Eight conserved positions in these strands were recently shown to act as structural determinants. To test whether the residues at these invariant positions are conserved for me...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0501038102
更新日期:2005-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Individual cell types are defined by architecturally and functionally specialized cortical domains. The Ezrin, Radixin, and Moesin (ERM) proteins play a major role in organizing cortical domains by assembling membrane protein complexes and linking them to the cortical actin cytoskeleton. Many studies have focused on t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1103418108
更新日期:2011-07-19 00:00:00
abstract::The murine pre-B leukemic cell line 70Z/3 contains both an unrearranged immunoglobulin kappa-light-chain gene and a functionally rearranged but silent kappa-light-chain gene. Mitogenic stimulation of growing 70Z/3 cells with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates kappa-light-gene transcription and results in a 1...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.2.295
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the presence of the nucleotide analog adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (ATP[gamma S]), effects of Ca2+ on stiffness and equatorial x-ray diffraction patterns of single skinned fibers of the rabbit psoas muscle were studied. It is shown that cross-bridges in the presence of ATP[gamma S] have properties of the w...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.23.11362
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The zinc finger transcription factor Miz1 is a negative regulator of TNFalpha-induced JNK activation and cell death through inhibition of TRAF2 K63-polyubiquitination in a transcription-independent manner. Upon TNFalpha stimulation, Miz1 undergoes K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thereby reli...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0913690107
更新日期:2010-07-27 00:00:00
abstract::Cerebral organization during sentence processing in English and in American Sign Language (ASL) was characterized by employing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 4 T. Effects of deafness, age of language acquisition, and bilingualism were assessed by comparing results from (i) normally hearing, monolingua...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.3.922
更新日期:1998-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::The crystal structure of the decapeptide Boc-Aib-Glu(OBzl)-Leu-Aib-Ala-Leu-Aib-Ala-Lys(Z)-Aib-OMe (where Aib is alpha-aminoisobutyryl, Boc is t-butoxycarbonyl, OBzl is benzyl ester, and Z is benzyloxycarbonyl) illustrates a parallel zipper arrangement of interacting helical peptide columns. Head-to-tail NH...OC hydrog...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.20.7921
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The second structure of a eukaryotic RNA polymerase II so far determined, that of the enzyme from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, is reported here. Comparison with the previous structure of the enzyme from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals differences in regions implicated in start site s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0903361106
更新日期:2009-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::Heme oxygenase (decyclizing) [heme,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (alpha-methene-oxidizing, hydroxylating), EC 1.14.99.3] is greatly induced in the kidney by the administration of nickel or tin. Manganese, when administered simultaneously with nickel or tin in an equimolar amount, substantially inhibited the ind...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.10.5331
更新日期:1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Magnitudes of the larger Soviet underground nuclear weapons tests from the start of the Threshold Test Ban Treaty in 1976 through 1982 are determined for short- and long-period seismic waves. Yields are calculated from the surface wave magnitude for those explosions at the eastern Kazakh test site that triggered a sma...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.6.1922
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein-binding DNA sequence elements encode a variety of regulated functions of genomes. Information about such elements is currently in a state of rapid growth, but improved methods are required to characterize the sequence specificity of DNA-binding proteins. We have established an in vitro method for specific and ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0611229104
更新日期:2007-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::Lufenuron is an insect growth regulator insecticide mainly used for the control of the cat flea. To understand mechanisms of resistance to lufenuron, we have characterized lufenuron resistance in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster. In this study we have used precise genetic mapping to identify a mechanism...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0503709102
更新日期:2005-09-06 00:00:00
abstract::Ovulation induces cyclic rupture and regenerative repair of the ovarian coelomic epithelium. This process of repeated disruption and repair accompanied by complex remodeling typifies a somatic stem/progenitor cell-mediated process. Using BrdU incorporation and doxycycline inducible histone2B-green fluorescent protein ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0805012105
更新日期:2008-08-26 00:00:00
abstract::Genome engineering in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) holds great promise for biomedical research and regenerative medicine. Recently, an RNA-guided, DNA-cleaving interference pathway from bacteria [the type II clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated (Cas) pathway] h...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1313587110
更新日期:2013-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental observations of unexpected shear rigidity in confined liquids, on very low frequency scales on the order of 0.01 to 0.1 Hz, call into question our basic understanding of the elasticity of liquids and have posed a challenge to theoretical models of the liquid state ever since. Here we combine the nonaffine...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2010787117
更新日期:2020-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::Hybrid wheat plants are superior in yield and growth characteristics compared with their homozygous parents. The commercial production of wheat hybrids is difficult because of the inbreeding nature of wheat and the lack of a practical fertility control that enforces outcrossing. We describe a hybrid wheat system that ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1402836111
更新日期:2014-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::Conformist bias occurs when the probability of adopting a more common cultural variant in a population exceeds its frequency, and anticonformist bias occurs when the reverse is true. Conformist and anticonformist bias have been widely documented in humans, and conformist bias has also been observed in many nonhuman an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2004102117
更新日期:2020-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::Molecules of transfer RNA (tRNA) typically contain four stems composed of Watson-Crick (W-C) base pairs and infrequent mispairs such as G-U and A-C. The latter mispairs are fundamental units of RNA secondary structure found in nearly every class of RNA and are nearly isomorphic to W-C pairs. Therefore, they often subs...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0600592103
更新日期:2006-03-21 00:00:00
abstract::With the completion of genome sequences of major model organisms, increasingly sophisticated genetic tools are necessary for investigating the complex and coordinated functions of genes. Here we describe a genetic manipulation system termed "genomic engineering" in Drosophila. Genomic engineering is a 2-step process t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0900641106
更新日期:2009-05-19 00:00:00