Split-gene system for hybrid wheat seed production.

abstract：:A hallmark of the pathology of Alzheimer's disease is the accumulation of the microtubule-associated protein tau into fibrillar aggregates. Recent studies suggest that they accumulate because cytosolic chaperones fail to clear abnormally phosphorylated tau, preserving a pool of toxic tau intermediates within the neuro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dickey CA,Koren J,Zhang YJ,Xu YF,Jinwal UK,Birnbaum MJ,Monks B,Sun M,Cheng JQ,Patterson C,Bailey RM,Dunmore J,Soresh S,Leon C,Morgan D,Petrucelli L

更新日期：2008-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular mechanism by which the homodimeric enzyme Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) causes neural damage in amytrophic lateral sclerosis is yet poorly understood. A striking, as well as an unusual, feature of SOD is that it maintains intrasubunit disulfide bonds in the reducing environment of the cytosol. Here, w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lindberg MJ,Normark J,Holmgren A,Oliveberg M

更新日期：2004-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell fate determination depends in part on the establishment of specific transcriptional programs of gene expression. These programs result from the interpretation of the genomic cis-regulatory information by sequence-specific factors. Decoding this information in sequenced genomes is an important issue. Here, we deve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rouault H,Mazouni K,Couturier L,Hakim V,Schweisguth F

更新日期：2010-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbohydrate-based vaccines have shown therapeutic efficacy for infectious disease and cancer. The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) containing complex polysaccharides has been used as antitumor supplement, but the mechanism of immune response has rarely been studied. Here, we show that the mice immunized with a l-f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liao SF,Liang CH,Ho MY,Hsu TL,Tsai TI,Hsieh YS,Tsai CM,Li ST,Cheng YY,Tsao SM,Lin TY,Lin ZY,Yang WB,Ren CT,Lin KI,Khoo KH,Lin CH,Hsu HY,Wu CY,Wong CH

更新日期：2013-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:G proteins are activated when they associate with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), often in response to agonist-mediated receptor activation. It is generally thought that agonist-induced receptor-G protein association necessarily promotes G protein activation and, conversely, that activated GPCRs do not interact w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Okashah N,Wright SC,Kawakami K,Mathiasen S,Zhou J,Lu S,Javitch JA,Inoue A,Bouvier M,Lambert NA

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) are tau kinases and have been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The 3D structures of these kinases are remarkably similar, which led us to hypothesize that both might be capable of binding cyclin proteins--the act...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chow HM,Guo D,Zhou JC,Zhang GY,Li HF,Herrup K,Zhang J

更新日期：2014-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Retinoblastoma is a childhood tumor that can arise because of mutant alleles acquired as somatic or germinal mutations. The mutant allele can be carried in the germ line. The mutations creating these alleles act by inactivating copies of a recessive oncogene located within band q14 of chromosome 13 and termed the RB1 ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Friend SH,Horowitz JM,Gerber MR,Wang XF,Bogenmann E,Li FP,Weinberg RA

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bovine milk lipoprotein lipase was subjected to amino acid sequence analysis. The first 19 amino-terminal residues were Asp-Arg-Ile-Thr-Gly-Gly-Lys-Asp-Phe-Arg-Asp-Ile-Glu-Ser-Lys-Phe-Ala-Leu- Arg. In addition, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of a tryptic digest of reduced and alkylated lipase re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ben-Avram CM,Ben-Zeev O,Lee TD,Haaga K,Shively JE,Goers J,Pedersen ME,Reeve JR Jr,Schotz MC

更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Differential rates of AIDS development and/or T4 lymphocyte depletion in HIV-1-infected individuals remain unexplained. The hypothesis that qualitative differences in selection pressure in vivo may account for different rates of disease progression was addressed in nine eligible study participants from a cohort of 315...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang WK,Essex M,McLane MF,Mayer KH,Hsieh CC,Brumblay HG,Seage G,Lee TH

更新日期：1996-06-25 00:00:00

abstract：:In a subclone derived from mouse L(tk-) cells, we found a plasmid present in a high copy number (greater than 5000 copies per cell) that was stably maintained extrachromosomally without any cytopathic effect to the host cells. This plasmid, termed L factor, has two forms: 5.3 and 5.5 kilobase pairs. DNA sequencing and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kusano T,Uehara H,Saito H,Segawa K,Oishi M

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cis-acting regulatory sequence of transcription from long terminal repeats (LTRs) of human T-cell leukemia virus type I and type II (HTLV-I and HTLV-II), which is essential for action of the virally encoded trans-acting transcriptional factor(s) designated pX(s), in HTLV-I and -II was identified. Deletion of most ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shimotohno K,Takano M,Teruuchi T,Miwa M

更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Compartmentalization of biomolecules within lipid membranes is a fundamental requirement of living systems and an essential feature of many pharmaceutical therapies. However, applications of membrane-enclosed solutions of proteins, DNA, and other biologically active compounds have been limited by the difficulty of for...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stachowiak JC,Richmond DL,Li TH,Liu AP,Parekh SH,Fletcher DA

更新日期：2008-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The T lineage repertoire is shaped by T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent positive and negative thymic selection processes. Using TCR-transgenic (N15tg) beta2-microglobulin-deficient (beta2m-/-) RAG-2(-/-) H-2(b) mice specific for the VSV8 (RGYVYQGL) octapeptide bound to Kb, we identified a single weak agonist peptide var...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ghendler Y,Teng MK,Liu JH,Witte T,Liu J,Kim KS,Kern P,Chang HC,Wang JH,Reinherz EL

更新日期：1998-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:We have examined whether dissociation of the histone octamer is required for elongation of RNA transcripts through arrays of nucleosome cores in vitro. Control or dimethyl suberimidate-crosslinked histone octamers were reconstituted onto supercoiled, closed circular pT207-18 DNA, which contains tandemly repeated 207-b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： O'Neill TE,Smith JG,Bradbury EM

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural killer T (NKT) cells provide an innate-type immune response upon T cell receptor interaction with CD1d-presented antigens. We demonstrate through equilibrium tetramer binding and antigen presentation assays with Valpha14i-positive NKT cell hybridomas that the Sphingomonas glycolipid alpha-galacturonosyl cerami...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu D,Zajonc DM,Fujio M,Sullivan BA,Kinjo Y,Kronenberg M,Wilson IA,Wong CH

更新日期：2006-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:For decades, scientists have debated whether supercooled liquids stop flowing below a glass transition temperature [Formula: see text] or whether motion continues to slow gradually down to zero temperature. Answering this question is challenging because human time scales set a limit on the largest measurable viscosity...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jadhao V,Robbins MO

更新日期：2017-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：:In the chalcone synthase gene of Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon), 150 base pairs of the 5' flanking region contain cis-acting signals for UV light-induced expression. A nuclear factor, designated CG-1, specifically recognizes a hexameric motif with internal dyad symmetry, CACGTG, located within this light-responsive se...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Staiger D,Kaulen H,Schell J

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mouse glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein (GRIP1) is a member of the ERAP160 family of nuclear receptor (NR) coactivators (including SRC-1 and TIF2) which function as bridging proteins between ligand-activated NRs bound to cognate hormone-response elements (HREs) and the transcription initiation apparatus ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Walfish PG,Yoganathan T,Yang YF,Hong H,Butt TR,Stallcup MR

更新日期：1997-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) and DNA were assembled into nucleosome-like particles at physiological ionic strengths either by an extract of chromatin rich in nicking-closing activity or by the purified nicking-closing enzyme itself. When histone-DNA complexes were assembled in vitro from relaxed circu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Germond JE,Rouvière-Yaniv J,Yaniv M,Brutlag D

更新日期：1979-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The law of the iterated logarithm provides a family of bounds all of the same order such that with probability one only finitely many partial sums of a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables exceed some members of the family, while for others infinitely many do so. In the former case, the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Slivka J

更新日期：1969-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The epothilones are naturally occurring, cytotoxic macrolides that function through a paclitaxel (Taxol)-like mechanism. Although structurally dissimilar, both classes of molecules lead to the arrest of cell division and eventual cell death by stabilizing cellular microtubule assemblies. The epothilones differ in thei...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chou TC,Zhang XG,Harris CR,Kuduk SD,Balog A,Savin KA,Bertino JR,Danishefsky SJ

更新日期：1998-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:A study has been made of Cauchy's problem for a class of abstract parabolic differential equations. Our study is based upon a transformation that maps solutions of second-order abstract Cauchy problems into solutions of first-order. This is a preliminary report on some of the results obtained. These results include (1...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Donaldson JA

更新日期：1971-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The developmental plasticity of plants relies on the remarkable ability of the meristems to integrate nutrient and energy availability with environmental signals. Meristems in root and shoot apexes share highly similar molecular players but are spatially separated by soil. Whether and how these two meristematic tissue...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li X,Cai W,Liu Y,Li H,Fu L,Liu Z,Xu L,Liu H,Xu T,Xiong Y

更新日期：2017-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Transforming growth factor betas (TGF-betas) regulate key aspects of embryonic development and major human diseases. Although Smad2, Smad3, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been proposed as key mediators in TGF-beta signaling, their functional specificities...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang YC,Piek E,Zavadil J,Liang D,Xie D,Heyer J,Pavlidis P,Kucherlapati R,Roberts AB,Böttinger EP

更新日期：2003-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Recombination is unknown in natural populations of Rivulus marmoratus, a selfing hermaphrodite, and genetic variation is likely due to mutation alone. DNA fingerprinting with an array of microsatellite [e.g., (CT)9] and minisatellite (e.g., the 33.15 core sequence) probes reveals very high clonal diversity within samp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Turner BJ,Elder JF Jr,Laughlin TF,Davis WP,Taylor DS

更新日期：1992-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The transcription factor NFAT5/TonEBP, a member of the NFAT/Rel family of transcription factors, has been implicated in diverse cellular responses, including the response to osmotic stress, integrin-dependent cell migration, T cell activation, and the Ras pathway in Drosophila. To clarify the in vivo role of NFAT5, we...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： López-Rodríguez C,Antos CL,Shelton JM,Richardson JA,Lin F,Novobrantseva TI,Bronson RT,Igarashi P,Rao A,Olson EN

更新日期：2004-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Coacervation is a common phenomenon in natural polymers and has been applied to synthetic materials systems for coatings, adhesives, and encapsulants. Single-component coacervates are formed when block polyampholytes exhibit self-coacervation, phase separating into a dense liquid coacervate phase rich in the polyampho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Danielsen SPO,McCarty J,Shea JE,Delaney KT,Fredrickson GH

更新日期：2019-04-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Mesp2 is a transcription factor that plays fundamental roles in somitogenesis, and its expression is strictly restricted to the anterior presomitic mesoderm just before segment border formation. The transcriptional on-off cycle is linked to the segmentation clock. In our current study, we show that a T-box transcripti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yasuhiko Y,Haraguchi S,Kitajima S,Takahashi Y,Kanno J,Saga Y

更新日期：2006-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously shown that hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication is controlled by noncytolytic mechanisms that depend primarily on the effector functions of the CD8(+) T cell response, especially the production of IFN-gamma in the liver. The mechanisms that control the nuclear pool of viral covalently closed circular...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wieland SF,Spangenberg HC,Thimme R,Purcell RH,Chisari FV

更新日期：2004-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells of the craniofacial skeleton are derived from a common mesenchymal progenitor. The regulatory factors that control their differentiation into various cell lineages are unknown. To investigate the biological function of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), an extracellular matrix gene involved in calcified tissue form...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Narayanan K,Srinivas R,Ramachandran A,Hao J,Quinn B,George A

更新日期：2001-04-10 00:00:00