Abstract:
:Sensory skin irritation refers to the myriad of symptomatic complaints (e.g., sting and burn) frequently associated with inflammatory skin conditions or skin intolerance to various chemicals or finished products. Sensory irritation is an important factor in consumer acceptance of the products that they buy and use; however, from a safety testing and risk assessment standpoint, it has been difficult to evaluate. Recently, methods have been developed to more quantitatively assess sensory irritation using a semantically-labeled scale of sensation intensity, the labeled magnitude (LM) scale. Using this device, studies were conducted to determine if test subjects' perceptions of recalled or imagined sensory responses (from a series of survey questions) were related to their actual sensory reactivity to chemical challenge. Subjects were presented with 15 skin sensation scenarios of varying intensities and asked to record their self-perceived recalled or imagined responses using the LM scale. Individual and mean responses to each of the 15 survey questions were compared within and across studies. Considerable variation was seen between subjects' responses to the questions, particularly for questions pertaining to stronger stimuli (e.g., scalding water or skin lacerations). There was also little consistency seen in the pattern of individual responses across the questions. However, among 4 different study populations, the group mean scores for each of the 15 survey questions showed a high degree of consistency. Also, in spite of the variability in perceived responses to the recalled/imagined skin sensations, statistically significant dose-response and time-response patterns were observed in chemical (lactic acid and capsaicin) challenge studies. In one capsaicin study, a direct relationship was observed, among 83% of the study subjects, between the mean recall intensity scores and actual responses to subsequent capsaicin challenge. This pattern was not seen in a lactic acid challenge study. However, a similar relationship was seen in this study if only recall stimuli related to sting-type responses were included in the analysis. Hence, use of recall/imagined skin sensation perception data for prediction of actual reactivity to chemical probes may have screening utility depending on the survey questions used. On the whole, the LM scale is of practical use for quantifying subjective sensory irritation responses. Combined with evolving noninvasive instrumental and bioassay procedures for identifying biophysical or inflammatory markers of sensory irritation, better methods are on the horizon for improving our sensory skin irritation testing and risk assessment capabilities.
journal_name
Contact Dermatitisjournal_title
Contact dermatitisauthors
Robinson MK,Perkins MAdoi
10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.450403.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-10-01 00:00:00pages
205-13issue
4eissn
0105-1873issn
1600-0536pii
450403journal_volume
45pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::This report reviews individual-related variables, environment-related variables and instrument-related variables, with a focus on the Evaporimeter EP1 (ServoMed). Start-up and use is described, and guidelines for good laboratory practice given. ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb01553.x
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of triphenyl phosphate allergy from spectacle frames is reported. Patch tests with analytical grade triphenyl phosphate, tri-m-cresyl phosphate, and tri-p-cresyl phosphate in the concentrations 5%, 0.5% and 0.05% pet. showed positive reactions to 0.05% triphenyl phosphate and 0.5% tri-m-cresyl phosphate, but no...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1986.tb01367.x
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Protein contact dermatitis is a frequent disorder among hand eczema patients who have occupational food contact. Knowledge about the consequences of having protein contact dermatitis is lacking. OBJECTIVES:To investigate the consequences of having occupational skin disease on the hands resulting from food h...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2012.02101.x
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The results of patch tests with colophony in the standard series between 1983 and 1987 were analyzed. 5521 patients were tested in the Department of Dermatology, Hamburg, while 354 were tested in other clinics and private practices. Colophony was positive in 2.4% and 11.9%, respectively. Out of 62 patients in the 1st ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03149.x
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The aim of this cross-sectional study was to collect data on the prevalence of hand eczema and relevant risk factors in geriatric nurses in Germany. METHODS:1375 geriatric nurses from 86 nursing homes were investigated by 41 occupational physicians. RESULTS:Hand eczema was diagnosed in 243 n...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2008.01496.x
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of permanent hair dyes exposes hairdressers to contact allergens such as p-phenylenediamine (PPD), and the preventive measures are insufficient. OBJECTIVES:To perform an in vivo test to study the protective effect of gloves commonly used by hairdressers. PATIENTS/MATERIALS/METHODS:Six gloves from S...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.12320
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::202 patients, 68 males and 134 females, with patch-test-negative, symmetrical vesicular hand eczema were challenged orally in a controlled study with 2.5 mg nickel, 2.5 mg chromium and 1 mg cobalt given as salts of the respective metals. Initially a mixture of the 3 metal salts was given, and if this produced a flare ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1983.tb04437.x
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactivity of white and hispanic skin after exposure to sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) has been investigated. The tests were performed on the back as follows: untreated skin, skin pre-treated with short-term occlusion and delipidized skin. Irritant reactions were induced by applying 0.5% and 2.0% SLS via Finn chamber pa...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb05512.x
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Contact urticaria (CU) and protein contact dermatitis (PCD) are mainly induced by an immediate, IgE-mediated immunological mechanism. Immediate sensitization is also linked to asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. OBJECTIVES:To report causes of work-induced CU and PCD, and to evaluate the occurrence of concomita...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.12856
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Alkyl glucosides were not expected to have a sensitizing potential at the concentrations to be used in finished consumer products; however, several contact allergy cases have been published. OBJECTIVES:To report on the patients suffering from allergic contact dermatitis caused by alkyl glucosides observed i...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.12154
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allergic contact dermatitis is reported in a patient using a condom with the spermicidal lubricant Tectol. A 36 year old female, with no history of dermatitis or pruritus of the vagina or vulva, experienced itchy dermatitis 24-48 hours after her partner used a Durex Top Safe contraceptive containing Tectol. The derm...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1987.tb02678.x
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In some patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), delayed-type allergy to aeroallergens, such as house dust mite, can be demonstrated by patch testing. Positive patch tests can be expected only in patients with AD and, in them, only to aeroallergens to which type 1 reactions have also been demonstrated. In an as yet unkno...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03197.x
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The quantitative risk assessment (QRA) paradigm has been extended to evaluating the risk of induction of allergic contact dermatitis from consumer products. Sensitization QRA compares product-related, topical exposures to a safe benchmark, the sensitization reference dose. The latter is based on an experimentally or c...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2003.00192.x
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A human 4-h patch test has recently been developed for testing the irritation hazard potential of chemicals. The original method was developed for comparative irritation assessments relative to benchmark irritants using simple statistical tests. In this context, the method has been shown to be robust in intralaborator...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05706.x
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contact allergy to corticosteroids now seems frequent among patients being patch tested. As corticosteroids are intrinsically anti-inflammatory, we investigated whether patch tests with a potent corticosteroid might suppress simultaneous adjacent patch test reactions to another allergen. Nickel-sensitive subjects were...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00809.x
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methods for investigating contact eczematous patients and for measuring the sensitizing potential of various substances are well known and in general, sufficiently effective. This is not true for irritant dermatitis, or for possible (skin) irritant substances; moreover, cosmetics commonly do not contain acutely harmfu...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1975.tb05305.x
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thiomersal is the preservative in all toxoid vaccines routinely administered to children in the UK, but exposure from other sources is uncommon. Delayed hypersensitivity to thiomersal was demonstrated in 1% of individuals attending the Contact Dermatitis Investigation Unit, and 50 of these patients with positive patch...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02809.x
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The expression of surface-bound immunoglobulin E by dendritic cells within cutaneous tissue has been compared in atopic and contact dermatitis. 45 patients were recruited into 4 groups using clinical criteria and patch testing to a standard series of allergens: atopic (12 cases), allergic contact dermatitis (14 cases)...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01799.x
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Generalized dermatitis due to trichloroethylene is rare. A 21-year-old printer developed exfoliative dermatitis with mucous membrane involvement, fever and liver dysfunction after a 2-week occupational exposure to trichloroethylene. Positive patch-test reactions to trichloroethylene and to one of its metabolites, tric...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02867.x
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simultaneous investigation of the bacterial flora of a soluble oil in use as a metalworking fluid and of the skin of machine operatives exposed to that soluble oil did not support the hypothesis that bacteria in soluble oil emulsions colonise the skin and either initiate or maintain the dermatitis associated with solu...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1980.tb03873.x
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The local lymph node assay (LLNA) is used for assessing sensitizing potential in hazard identification and risk assessment for regulatory purposes. Sensitizing potency on the basis of the LLNA is categorized into extreme (EC3 value of ≤0.2%), strong (>0.2% to ≤2%), and moderate (>2%). To compare the sensitizing potenc...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/cod.12683
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 50-year-old woman developed anaphylaxis 8 h after application of a paraformaldehyde-containing root canal disinfectant. Radioallergosorbent test showed that she had a high level of formaldehyde-specific IgE in her serum. Prick tests to formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde showed immediate-type responses to both. We rev...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.470405.x
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lanolin has been tested as lanolin alcohols (30% pet.) in baseline patch test series since 1969, and this has shown clinically relevant allergic contact dermatitis cases. OBJECTIVES:To investigate the temporal development of lanolin allergy (i.e. positive reaction to lanolin alcohols and/or Amerchol™ L-101)...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.12872
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensitization to olive oil is seldom reported in the literature. By use of epicutaneous tests a delayed type of hypersensitivity to pure freshly-prepared olive oil could be demonstrated in two patients. Patch tests with certain major constituents of olive oil; the methyl ester of linoleic acid, the glyceryl ester of p...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1981.tb04086.x
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::46 yellow and white petrolatums were screened for their skin sensitizing properties in 3 subjects with known histories of contact sensitivity to yellow petrolatum. Patch testing revealed that all the petrolatums examined contain sensitizing substances in varying amounts. The results were analyzed with regard to origin...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1983.tb04354.x
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Development of local allergic reactions after different application times with Finn Chambers was recorded in 34 nickel-sensitive patients. Biologically significant amounts of nickel seemed to penetrate the skin within a few hours, although physical penetration was minimal. Nickel was detected only in the upper keratin...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1985.tb01131.x
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The validity of questionnaire answers with respect to hand eczema was investigated. Car mechanics, dentists and office workers answered a questionnaire on the occurrence of hand eczema on any occasion during the past 12 months. "Yes"-responders and a random sample of "no"-responders were subsequently interviewed and e...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.045002099.x
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To critically review currently available methods, or methods under development (in vivo, in vitro, in silico, etc.) used in the evaluation of skin sensitization potential and their applicability in the derivation of quantitative 'safety thresholds'. ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.02004_2.x
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chromium-tanned leather footwear, which releases >3 ppm hexavalent Cr(VI), may pose a risk of sensitizing and eliciting allergic dermatitis. OBJECTIVES:To determine the content and potential release of chromium in leather footwear and to discuss the prevention of chromium contact allergy and dermatitis. ME...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.02053.x
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although cinnamon is known to cause dermatitis in bakers and confectioners, it has only rarely been reported as causing trouble in food or cosmetics. A newly-formulated 'spicy' toothpaste containing cinnamon as a flavouring agent was the cause of oral symptoms in eight patients referred to clinics in Buckinghamshire a...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1975.tb05330.x
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00