Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Chromium-tanned leather footwear, which releases >3 ppm hexavalent Cr(VI), may pose a risk of sensitizing and eliciting allergic dermatitis. OBJECTIVES:To determine the content and potential release of chromium in leather footwear and to discuss the prevention of chromium contact allergy and dermatitis. METHODS:Sixty pairs of leather shoes, sandals and boots (20 children's, 20 men's, and 20 women's) were purchased in Copenhagen and examined with X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Chromium was extracted according to the International Standard, ISO 17075. The detection level for Cr(VI) was 3 ppm. RESULTS:Chromium was identified in 95% of leather footwear products, the median content being 1.7% (range 0-3.3%). No association with store category or footwear category was found. A tendency for there to be a higher chromium content in footwear with high prices was shown (p(trend) = 0.001). Cr(VI) was extracted from 44% of 18 footwear products, and, in three items, more than 10 ppm was extracted. One shoe had 62 ppm Cr(VI) extracted. Sandals seemed to be over-represented among footwear with detectable Cr(VI). Cr(III) extraction reached a median value of 152 ppm. CONCLUSIONS:Most leather footwear contained chromium. Cr(VI) was extracted from a high proportion of leather footwear; this poses a risk of sensitization.
journal_name
Contact Dermatitisjournal_title
Contact dermatitisauthors
Thyssen JP,Strandesen M,Poulsen PB,Menné T,Johansen JDdoi
10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.02053.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-05-01 00:00:00pages
279-85issue
5eissn
0105-1873issn
1600-0536journal_volume
66pub_type
杂志文章abstract::An outbreak of occupational dermatitis in a rubber tyre factory is reported. An unusual clinical picture was recognized. Patch tests revealed a high sensitization rate to the MBT derivative used: 2-(2'-4'dinitrophenylthio)benzothiazole. Since tests with MBT mix and dinitrophenol were negative; sensitization to a conta...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1987.tb02637.x
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzoyl peroxide patch testing was performed on 60 young adults who had participated in a double-blind acne study. 25% of those who had used a benzoyl peroxide product showed reactivity of +1 or greater (on a 0--3 scale). None of these individuals demonstrated symptoms suggestive of irritancy or allergy greater than t...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1982.tb04238.x
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Persian cloth shoe (Maleki) which has been in use for more than 800 years has a strong cloth sole and a woven cotton upper. In the last 20 years, used car tires have become readily available in Iran and the soles of some shoes are now made from these. A man with the typical picture of rubber dermatitis on the sole...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1977.tb03605.x
更新日期:1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe allergic contact dermatitis from a paint mildewcide, 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, developed in a worker formulating latex paints within a paint manufacturing company, Guinea pig maximization testing demonstrated this to be a moderate sensitizer. Further cases of allergic contact dermatitis may be encountered...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1983.tb04473.x
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patch tests help to confirm the aetiology of the cutaneous adverse drug reactions involving delayed hypersensitivity mechanisms, but the results vary with the pattern of skin reaction and the culprit drug. OBJECTIVES:To analyse the results of patch tests in patients with cutaneous adverse drug reactions imp...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.01942.x
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe the use of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the investigation of a case of allergic contact dermatitis of the lip margins caused by a lip liner. Patch testing identified sensitization to para-tertiary-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin (PTBP-FR), a resin glue frequently used in leather work...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1993.tb03375.x
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although hand hygiene is an important and inexpensive measure to prevent nosocomial infections in clinical settings, the compliance of healthcare workers remains low. In Europe, alcoholic hand disinfection is first choice, but there exists a limited user acceptability due to estimated adverse effects on skin condition...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2006.00817.x
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rubber chemicals are among the most common occupational contact sensitizers. The most common rubber sensitizers are thiurams, thiazoles, carbamates and paraphenylenediamine derivatives. Here we present data on a less-well-known rubber chemical, N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide (CTP; CAS 17796-82-6). This chemical is curr...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02106.x
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a widespread, but largely unsubstantiated, view that certain skin types may be more susceptible to the effect of skin irritants than others. One expression of this would be that certain ethnic groups may also be more likely to experience skin irritation. As a consequence, when evaluating the skin compatibilit...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.450605.x
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Liquid fuels derived by direct coal liquefaction may be similar in boiling range and chemical composition to coal tar products. In the past, phototoxicity, an occupational skin disorder, has been associated with coal distillation. Consequently, the phototoxic properties of 5 materials representing the full boiling ran...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1985.tb02508.x
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to some reports in the literature, the hormonal fluctuations which occur during the menstrual cycle may affect the clinical expression of contact allergy to a greater or lesser degree. In clinical practice, too, patient history often shows exacerbation of the contact dermatitis during the days immediately pr...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00588.x
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In four patients suffering from allergic contact eczema, the risk of sensitization to a new residue-leaving fungicide (Plondrel) used in spraying roses is considered. Two patients, however, were probably also sensitized to materials from the roses themselves. By gas-liquid chromatography the amount of the fungicide, e...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1975.tb05441.x
更新日期:1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neurosensory irritation is a subjective phenomenon induced by a number of chemicals. Objectives. To investigate the sensory irritation induced by two organic solvents - n-octane and cumene - between two groups of volunteers, stingers and non-stingers, identified as such according to the results of a lactic a...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.01938.x
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A maximization test (after Magnusson & Kligman 1970), a single injection adjuvant test (SIAT) and a modified Draize test procedure for assessing contact sensitization potential in guinea-pigs have been compared for their ability to detect 19 known human contact sensitizers. The results show that the modified Draize pr...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1981.tb04060.x
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To critically review currently available methods, or methods under development (in vivo, in vitro, in silico, etc.) used in the evaluation of skin sensitization potential and their applicability in the derivation of quantitative 'safety thresholds'. ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.02004_2.x
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present study was to compare the frequency of lanolin allergy during two periods and to assess the adequacy of testing with one standard allergen. Among 1230 consecutive patients with eczema who were standard patch tested, 33 (2.7%), 21 females and 12 males, gave a positive reaction to wool alcohols...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1979.tb04824.x
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a retrospective study on selected group of patients, the coincidence of birch pollen allergy and a clinically relevant positive prick test reaction to apples and potatoes was confirmed. Immunochemical comparison using the crossed line immunoelectrophoresis technique (CLIE) confirmed partial identity between birch p...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1978.tb03739.x
更新日期:1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The irritation potential of surfactants and body cleansing products was determined by evaluating the removal of dansyl chloride from the skin. Dilute solutions (2% active ingredient, w/v) of surfactants and soap extract fluorescence from the skin within 30 min. This is probably a physicochemical effect as it is too ra...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00570.x
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An outbreak of dermatitis occurred in an aircraft factory using epoxy resin composite material. Of 25 operatives, 14 gave positive patch test reactions to the composite material and/or diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), tetraglycidyl-4,4'-methylene dianiline (TGMDA), and o-diglycidyl phthalate. This report seems ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1984.tb00931.x
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hand eczema is a disease with large variation in clinical presentation and severity. Scoring systems for quantitative severity assessment exist. However, they are observer-dependent. An objective quantitative tool for scoring of hand eczema would improve categorization of hand eczema. OBJECTIVE:To investiga...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.13377
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dendropanax trifidus Makino (family Araliaceae, syn. Gilibertia trifida Makino) has been reported as causing allergic contact dermatitis in Japan. To identify the major allergen, fractionated extracts of fresh leaves of Dendropanax trifidus were patch tested on 2 patients with hypersensitivity to the plant. Cis-9,17-o...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00212.x
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A human 4-h patch test has recently been developed for testing the irritation hazard potential of chemicals. The original method was developed for comparative irritation assessments relative to benchmark irritants using simple statistical tests. In this context, the method has been shown to be robust in intralaborator...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05706.x
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cobalt release from dental prostheses has been shown to elicit allergic reactions in cobalt-allergic patients. It is therefore important to investigate whether these prostheses are possible sources of sensitization. OBJECTIVES:To assess (i) cobalt release from dental prostheses and (ii) allergic reactions t...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.12649
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the results of patch tests with fragrance-mix as a part of the standard series carried out over the last 10 years (1989-1998) during routine testing of 6129 patients in our department. 5.9% of the total number of patients who were patch tested were positive to fragrance mix. The sex ratio was 2.3:1 with a fe...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2000.043002107.x
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactivity of white and hispanic skin after exposure to sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) has been investigated. The tests were performed on the back as follows: untreated skin, skin pre-treated with short-term occlusion and delipidized skin. Irritant reactions were induced by applying 0.5% and 2.0% SLS via Finn chamber pa...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb05512.x
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Danish Twin Register represents a population-based twin sample where the twins enter the Register independently of disease. All female twins born between 1906-30 and available in the Register in January 1978 were sent a questionnaire concerning possible nickel sensitivity. Among 746 pairs living in the eastern par...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1983.tb04393.x
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A tire assembler developed contact dermatitis from IPPD, a rubber antioxidant. The lichenoid clinical pattern corresponded histologically to lichenified dermatitis. Tire assemblers appear to acquire contact dermatitis to this aromatic amine more frequently than any other workers in the tire manufacturing industry. Pos...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1982.tb04152.x
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although p-phenylenediamine (PPD) has been recognized as an extreme sensitizer for many years, the exact mechanism of sensitization has not been elucidated yet. Penetration and the ability to bind to proteins are the first two hurdles that an allergen has to overcome to be able to sensitize. This review is an overview...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/cod.12032
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Environmental exposure and personal susceptibility both contribute to the development of hand eczema. In this study, we investigated the effect of loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG), atopic dermatitis and wet work exposure on the development of hand eczema in apprentice nurses....
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.12139
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of our study was to investigate the risk and characteristics of self-reported skin diseases among hydrotherapists. We attempted to contact 400 adults who participated in 1 of 2 training courses. 248 were reached and 190 of them (76.6%) completed the questionnaires. The data were collected by means of a telepho...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00699.x
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00