Abstract:
:In this paper I review the ways in which the glassy state is obtained both in nature and in materials science and highlight a "new twist"--the recent recognition of polymorphism within the glassy state. The formation of glass by continuous cooling (viscous slowdown) is then examined, the strong/fragile liquids classification is reviewed, and a new twist-the possibility that the slowdown is a result of an avoided critical point-is noted. The three canonical characteristics of relaxing liquids are correlated through the fragility. As a further new twist, the conversion of strong liquids to fragile liquids by pressure-induced coordination number increases is demonstrated. It is then shown that, for comparable systems, it is possible to have the same conversion accomplished via a first-order transition within the liquid state during quenching. This occurs in the systems in which "polyamorphism" (polymorphism in the glassy state) is observed, and the whole phenomenology is accounted for by Poole's bond-modified van der Waals model. The sudden loss of some liquid degrees of freedom through such weak first-order transitions is then related to the polyamorphic transition between native and denatured hydrated proteins, since the latter are also glass-forming systems--water-plasticized, hydrogen bond-cross-linked chain polymers (and single molecule glass formers). The circle is closed with a final new twist by noting that a short time scale phenomenon much studied by protein physicists-namely, the onset of a sharp change in d
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Angell CAdoi
10.1073/pnas.92.15.6675keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-07-18 00:00:00pages
6675-82issue
15eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章abstract::To identify the binding domain for dihydropyridine Ca2+ antagonists, skeletal muscle Ca2+ channels were photolabeled with [3H](+)-PN200-110 and [3H]azidopine. Regions of alpha 1 photolabeled by these ligands were then identified by antibody mapping of proteolytic fragments. Approximately 50% of the specific labeling b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.23.10769
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have examined the affinity of two recently synthesized flavin analogs for the isoalloxazine binding site of riboflavin-binding protein (RBP). The results showed that pyrimidopteridines could bind to RBP (Kd 160-250 microM). This suggested that, at the FMN or FAD level, these analogs might also bind to other apoflav...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.14.4246
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normal rat mast cells were stimulated by antibodies against IgE receptors (anti-RBL) or by anti-IgE, and [3H]methyl group incorporation into phospholipids, 45Ca uptake, and histamine release were examined. Anti-RBL or its F(ab')2 fragments and anti-IgE induced an increase in the incorporation of [3H]methyl into phosph...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.4.1903
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The water channel aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and certain Rh-family members are permeable to CO(2) and NH(3). Here, we use changes in surface pH (pH(S)) to assess relative CO(2) vs. NH(3) permeability of Xenopus oocytes expressing members of the AQP or Rh family. Exposed to CO(2) or NH(3), AQP1 oocytes exhibit a greater maxima...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0813231106
更新日期:2009-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::The structure of cellulose microfibrils in wood is not known in detail, despite the abundance of cellulose in woody biomass and its importance for biology, energy, and engineering. The structure of the microfibrils of spruce wood cellulose was investigated using a range of spectroscopic methods coupled to small-angle ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1108942108
更新日期:2011-11-22 00:00:00
abstract::The murine-virus-infected erythroleukemia cell system provides an opportunity to examine regulatory mechanisms controlling cytodifferentiation. A cloned cell line (DR10c3) resistant to the erythropoiesis-inducing effect of dimethylsulfoxide (Me2SO) was isolated from the Me2SO-sensitive line DS19. DR10c3 is characteriz...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.4.1232
更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three lines of evidence for abrupt tropical climate change, both past and present, are presented. First, annually and decadally averaged delta(18)O and net mass-balance histories for the last 400 and 2,000 yr, respectively, demonstrate that the current warming at high elevations in the mid- to low latitudes is unprece...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0603900103
更新日期:2006-07-11 00:00:00
abstract::RNA polymerase II lacking a C-terminal domain (CTD) was active in transcription with purified proteins from yeast but failed to support transcription in a yeast extract. CTD dependence could be reconstituted in the purified system by addition of two fractions from the extract. An inhibitory fraction abolished transcri...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.6.2362
更新日期:1994-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) stimulated the phosphorylation of a 28-kDa protein (p28) in the ME-180 line of human cervical carcinoma cells. The effect of TNF-alpha on the phosphorylation state of p28 was rapid (4-fold increase within 15 min) and persistent, remaining above the basal level for at least 2 hr....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.21.8417
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::How granzymes gain entry into the cytosol of target cells during killer cell attack has been the subject of several studies in the past, but the effective delivery mechanism during target cell encounter has not been clarified. Here we show that granzyme B (GzmB) mutants lacking binding to negatively charged, essential...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0801724105
更新日期:2008-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::The conservation of developmental functions exerted by Antp-class homeoproteins in protostomes and deuterostomes suggested that homologs with related functions are present in diploblastic animals. Our phylogenetic analyses showed that Antp-class homeodomains belong either to non-Hox or to Hox/paraHox families. Among t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4493
更新日期:2000-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::The B-cell antigen receptor is composed of membrane immunoglobulin sheathed by an alpha/beta heterodimer. The complex is noncovalently associated with protein kinase activity, and crosslinking of the receptor leads to capping and transmembrane signaling. Here we show that the sheath is not necessary either for this ca...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.2.474
更新日期:1994-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::Mice lacking major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens were generated by mating beta 2-microglobulin-deficient, and therefore class I-deficient, animals with MHC class II-deficient animals. When housed under sterile conditions, the resulting MHC-deficient mice appear healthy, survive for many months, and breed s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.9.3913
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::When the Mn(2+) and Ca(2+) ions normally present in concanavalin A are removed, the protein becomes incapable of binding saccharides. To explore the structural differences between the native and demetallized forms and their effects on the saccharide-binding properties of the protein, we have refined and compared the c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.5.2286
更新日期:1978-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapid antibody production in response to invading pathogens requires the dramatic expansion of pathogen-derived antigen-specific B lymphocyte populations. Whether B cell population dynamics are based on stochastic competition between competing cell fates, as in the development of competence by the bacterium Bacillus s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1715639115
更新日期:2018-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::Mononegaviruses are promising tools as oncolytic vectors and transgene delivery vectors for gene therapy and regenerative medicine. By using the Magnet proteins, which reversibly heterodimerize upon blue light illumination, photocontrollable mononegaviruses (measles and rabies viruses) were generated. The Magnet prote...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1906531116
更新日期:2019-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::Before they even speak, infants become attuned to the sounds of the language(s) they hear, processing native phonetic contrasts more easily than nonnative ones. For example, between 6 to 8 mo and 10 to 12 mo, infants learning American English get better at distinguishing English and [l], as in "rock" vs. "lock," relat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2001844118
更新日期:2021-02-09 00:00:00
abstract::The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, including hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and pituitary corticotropin, is one of the first endocrine systems to develop during fetal life, probably because glucocorticoid secretion is necessary for the maturation of many essential fetal organs. Consiste...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.13.7336
更新日期:2000-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic variants underlying life-threatening diseases, being unlikely to be transmitted to the next generation, are gradually and selectively eliminated from the population through negative selection. We study the determinants of this evolutionary process in human genes underlying monogenic diseases by comparing vario...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2001248118
更新日期:2021-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::Previous findings of intact remote autobiographical memory in patients with medial temporal lobe damage have been questioned on the grounds that the narrative recollections were impoverished and fact-like and that the methods were not sufficiently sensitive to detect an impairment. We adopted a newer method, the Autob...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0712155105
更新日期:2008-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::Strongylocentrotus intermedius (A. Agassiz, 1863) is an economically important sea urchin inhabiting the northwest Pacific region of Asia. The northern Primorye (Sea of Japan) populations of S. intermedius consist of two sympatric morphological forms, "usual" (U) and "gray" (G). The two forms are significantly differe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0807860105
更新日期:2008-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Relatively little is known about neurobiological changes attributable to early-life stressors (e.g., orphanage rearing), even though they have been associated with a heightened risk for later psychopathology. Human neuroimaging and animal studies provide complementary insights into the neural basis of problem behavior...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1310163110
更新日期:2013-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::A solid-phase immunoadsorbent capable of binding mouse interferon has been prepared. Starting from crude tissue-culture material, interferon could be purified 1990 times in a single step of affinity chromatography. Overall recovery ranged from 55 to 103% with tissue culture and mouse-brain interferon; however, only 5%...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.70.4.1037
更新日期:1973-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many studies have shown that individuals from invasive populations of many different plant species grow larger than individuals from native populations and that this difference has a genetic basis. This increased vigor in invasive populations is thought to be due to life history tradeoffs, in which selection favors th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0808434106
更新日期:2009-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::The S1-nuclease analysis was used to investigate the pattern of inhibin expression in the rat. In a first series of experiments, expression of the alpha, beta A, and beta B subunits of inhibin were monitored in various tissues from male and female rats. Two observations emerge from these studies. First, expression of ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.1.247
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A closed duplex DNA molecule relaxed and containing nucleosomes has a different linking number from the same molecule relaxed and without nucleosomes. What does this say about the structure of the nucleosome? A mathematical study of this question is made, representing the DNA molecule by a ribbon. It is shown that the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.8.3557
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family 3 (SLAMF3/Ly9) is a coregulatory molecule implicated in T-cell activation and differentiation. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by aberrant T-cell activation and compromised IL-2 production, leading to abnormal regulatory T-cell (Treg) development/fun...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1605081113
更新日期:2016-08-16 00:00:00
abstract::The sequence of spontaneous Epstein-Barr virus activation was studied in P3HR-1 carrier cells and in P3HR-1(BrdU) cells made resistant to 5-bromodeoxyuridine. Virus activation was initiated during the normal cell cycle, and recruitment of additional virus-activated cells was prevented by the DNA inhibitors, 1-beta-D-a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.69.9.2589
更新日期:1972-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Estrogens control many physiological and behavioral processes, some of which are connected to reproduction. These include sexual and other social behaviors. Here we implicate four gene products in a micronet required for mammalian social recognition, through which an individual learns to recognize other individuals. F...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0631699100
更新日期:2003-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::In Caenorhabditis elegans, the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP)-associated proteins U1A and U2B'' are approximately 50% identical to each other, and neither bears signature characteristics of mammalian U1A or U2B'' or the single Drosophila homolog, SNF. We show here that the genes that encode these proteins (rn...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0701720104
更新日期:2007-06-05 00:00:00