Abstract:
:Many mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) proteins have a transmembrane domain near the C terminus and an N-terminal cytosolic moiety. It is not clear how these tail-anchored (TA) proteins posttranslationally select their target, but C-terminal charged residues play an important role. To investigate how discrimination between MOM and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) occurs, we used mammalian cytochrome b(5), a TA protein existing in two, MOM or ER localized, versions. Substitution of the seven C-terminal residues of the ER isoform or of green fluorescent protein reporter constructs with one or two arginines resulted in MOM-targeted proteins, whereas a single C-terminal threonine caused promiscuous localization. To investigate whether targeting to MOM occurs from the cytosol or after transit through the ER, we tagged a MOM-directed construct with a C-terminal N-glycosylation sequence. Although in vitro this construct was efficiently glycosylated by microsomes, the protein expressed in vivo localized almost exclusively to MOM, and was nearly completely unglycosylated. The small fraction of glycosylated protein was in the ER and was not a precursor to the unglycosylated form. Thus, targeting occurs directly from the cytosol. Moreover, ER and MOM compete for the same polypeptide, explaining the dual localization of some TA proteins.
journal_name
Mol Biol Celljournal_title
Molecular biology of the cellauthors
Borgese N,Gazzoni I,Barberi M,Colombo S,Pedrazzini Edoi
10.1091/mbc.12.8.2482keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-08-01 00:00:00pages
2482-96issue
8eissn
1059-1524issn
1939-4586journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章abstract::One of the original hypotheses of organismal longevity posits that aging is the natural result of entropy on the cells, tissues, and organs of the animal--a slow, inexorable slide into nonfunctionality caused by stochastic degradation of its parts. We now have evidence that aging is instead at least in part geneticall...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1091/mbc.E14-06-1084
更新日期:2015-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Basal bodies organize cilia that are responsible for both mechanical beating and sensation. Nascent basal body assembly follows a series of well characterized morphological events; however, the proteins and their assembly dynamics for new basal body formation and function are not well understood. High-resolution light...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e08-08-0835
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Export of mRNA from the nucleus is linked to proper processing and packaging into ribonucleoprotein complexes. Although several observations indicate a coupling between mRNA 3' end formation and export, it is not known how these two processes are mechanistically connected. Here, we show that a subunit of the mammalian...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e09-05-0389
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intestinal cells of Caenorhabditis elegans embryos contain prominent, birefringent gut granules that we show are lysosome-related organelles. Gut granules are labeled by lysosomal markers, and their formation is disrupted in embryos depleted of AP-3 subunits, VPS-16, and VPS-41. We define a class of gut granule lo...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e05-01-0060
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Targeting of peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs) is a multistep process that requires not only recognition of PMPs in the cytosol but also their insertion into the peroxisomal membrane. As a consequence, targeting signals of PMPs (mPTS) are rather complex. A candidate protein for the PMP recognition event is Pex19p, ...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e04-03-0188
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The key molecular regulatory mechanisms that govern and coordinate the molecular alterations that underpin the process of human labor remain incompletely understood although enhanced intrauterine prostaglandin production is known to be requisite. Studies from cancer tissues have indicated that at least one key enzyme ...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e05-08-0818
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::GPR15 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that serves for an HIV coreceptor and was also recently found as a novel homing receptor for T-cells implicated in colitis. We show that GPR15 undergoes a constitutive endocytosis in the absence of ligand. The endocytosis was clathrin dependent and partially depende...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.E16-09-0627
更新日期:2017-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, cytokinesis requires the assembly and constriction of an actomyosin-based contractile ring (CR). A single essential formin, Cdc12, localizes to the cell middle upon mitotic onset and nucleates the F-actin of the CR. Cdc12 medial recruitment is mediated in part by its direct binding to the...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.E17-11-0646
更新日期:2018-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Here we demonstrate that multiple tetraspanin (transmembrane 4 superfamily) proteins are palmitoylated, in either the Golgi or a post-Golgi compartment. Using CD151 as a model tetraspanin, we identified and mutated intracellular N-terminal and C-terminal cysteine palmitoylation sites. Simultaneous mutations of C11, C1...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.01-05-0275
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transcription factor Sp1 is ubiquitously expressed in different cells and thereby regulates the expression of genes involved in many cellular processes. This study reveals that Sp1 was phosphorylated during the mitotic stage in three epithelial tumor cell lines and one glioma cell line. By using different kinase i...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e07-09-0881
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The organization of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the cortex of Xenopus oocytes was investigated during maturation and activation using a green fluorescent protein chimera, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Dense clusters of ER developed on the vegetal side (the side opposite the meiotic spindle) during...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.12.4.1103
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quite a few regulatory proteins, including transcription factors, are normally maintained in a dormant state to be activated after internal or environmental cues. Recently, a novel strategy, requiring proteolytic cleavage, was described for the mobilization of dormant transcription factors. These transcription factors...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e05-04-0327
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Yeast TGN resident proteins that frequently cycle between the TGN and endosomes are much more slowly transported to the prevacuolar/late endosomal compartment (PVC) than other proteins. However, TGN protein transport to the PVC is accelerated in mutants lacking function of Inp53p. Inp53p contains a SacI polyphosphoino...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e02-10-0686
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Starvation of Dictyostelium induces a developmental program in which cells form an aggregate that eventually differentiates into a multicellular structure. The aggregate formation is mediated by directional migration of individual cells that quickly transition to group migration in which cells align in a head-to-tail ...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e09-03-0223
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::ARVCF, an armadillo-repeat protein of the p120(ctn) family, associates with classical cadherins and is present in adherens junctions, but its function is poorly understood. Here, we show that ARVCF interacts via a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif with zonula occludens (ZO)-1 and ZO-2. ARVCF and ZO-1 partially colocalize i...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e04-04-0350
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myosin II motors embedded within the actin cortex generate contractile forces to modulate cell shape in essential behaviors, including polarization, migration, and division. In sarcomeres, myosin II-mediated sliding of antiparallel F-actin is tightly coupled to myofibril contraction. By contrast, cortical F-actin is h...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.E13-08-0450
更新日期:2014-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Tubulogenesis by epithelial cells regulates kidney, lung, and mammary development, whereas that by endothelial cells regulates vascular development. Although functionally dissimilar, the processes necessary for tubulation by epithelial and endothelial cells are very similar. We performed microarray analysis to further...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e04-06-0479
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anaplastic gliomas, the most common and malignant of primary brain tumors, frequently contain activating mutations and amplifications in promigratory signal transduction pathways. However, targeting these pathways with individual signal transduction inhibitors does not appreciably reduce tumor invasion, because these ...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.E11-01-0039
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::When demembranated sperm nuclei are placed in a Xenopus egg extract, they become surrounded by a nuclear envelope and then swell to form morphologically typical pronuclei. Granules ranging from < 1.0 to approximately 3.0 microns in diameter appear within such nuclei. Bell et al. identified four nucleolar proteins in t...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.5.6.633
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The [URE3] and [PSI(+)] prions are infectious amyloid forms of Ure2p and Sup35p. Several chaperones influence prion propagation: Hsp104p overproduction destabilizes [PSI(+)], whereas [URE3] is sensitive to excess of Ssa1p or Ydj1p. Here, we show that overproduction of the chaperone, Sse1p, can efficiently cure [URE3]....
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e07-02-0128
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1988 McCusker and Haber generated a series of mutants which are resistant to the minimum inhibitory concentration of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. These cycloheximide-resistant, temperature-sensitive (crl) mutants, in addition, exhibited other pleiotropic phenotypes, e.g., incorrect response to sta...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.8.12.2487
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple tau gene mutations are pathogenic for hereditary frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17), with filamentous tau aggregates as the major lesions in the CNS of these patients. Recent studies have shown that bacterially expressed recombinant tau proteins with FTDP-17 missense mu...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.11.12.4093
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gamma-tubulin small complex (gamma-TuSC) is an evolutionarily conserved heterotetramer essential for microtubule nucleation. We have determined the structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gamma-TuSC at 25-A resolution by electron microscopy. gamma-TuSC is Y-shaped, with an elongated body connected to two arms. G...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e07-09-0879
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tetraploidization, or genome doubling, is a prominent event in tumorigenesis, primarily because cell division in polyploid cells is error-prone and produces aneuploid cells. This study investigates changes in gene expression evoked in acute and adapted tetraploid cells and their effect on cell-cycle progression. Acute...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.E16-05-0268
更新日期:2016-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Activation of Rap1 small GTPases stabilizes cell--cell junctions, and this activity requires Krev Interaction Trapped gene 1 (KRIT1). Loss of KRIT1 disrupts cardiovascular development and causes autosomal dominant familial cerebral cavernous malformations. Here we report that native KRIT1 protein binds the effector lo...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.E11-02-0157
更新日期:2011-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::The Schizosaccharomyces pombe sts1+ gene, identified by supersensitive mutations to a protein kinase inhibitor, staurosporine, was isolated by complementation by the use of a fission yeast genomic library. Nucleotide sequencing shows that the sts1+ gene encodes a 453 amino acid putative membrane-associated protein tha...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.3.3.263
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microtubules (MTs) are often organized by a nucleus-associated MT organizing center (MTOC). In addition, in neurons and epithelial cells, motor-based transport of assembled MTs determines the polarity of the MT array. Here, we show that MT motility participates in MT organization in the fungus Ustilago maydis. In budd...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e05-12-1118
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta) can be tumor suppressive, but it can also enhance tumor progression by stimulating the complex process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiaion (EMT). The signaling pathway(s) that regulate EMT in response to TGF-beta are not well understood. We demonstrate the acqui...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.12.1.27
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The maturation of dendritic cells is accompanied by the redistribution of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules from the lysosomal MHC class II compartment to the plasma membrane to mediate presentation of peptide antigens. Besides MHC molecules, dendritic cells also express CD1 molecules that medi...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e02-11-0744
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genes occupy preferred spatial positions within interphase cell nuclei. However, positioning patterns are not an innate feature of a locus, and genes can alter their localization in response to physiological and pathological changes. Here we screen the radial positioning patterns of 40 genes in normal, hyperplasic, an...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.E15-05-0280
更新日期:2016-01-15 00:00:00